286 research outputs found
Il "casamento" e le donne: ambiente e violenza ne L'imputata di Laudomia Bonanni.
No full textAlla fine degli anni Cinquanta Laudomia Bonanni dà alle stampe il suo primo, vero romanzo, dopo alcuni tentativi a carattere embrionale effettuati tra anni trenta e quaranta. Con L’imputata Bonanni passa a una narrazione di forte carica espressiva basata sull’analisi a volte drammatica di quell’ecosistema di spazi favorito dalla nuova edilizia postbellica il quale innesca i meccanismi della violenza che finiscono per convergere principalmente sulle figure femminili della storia
Generations, education and common values: a study on five italian cohort-generation, from the reconstruction to the z-gen
No full textItaly, there has been a recent resurgence of the generational approach and related issues (ISTAT, 2016; Casavecchia, 2021). While questions persist about the duration, definition, and labeling of generations, various studies seek distinctive criteria, often linking the concept of generation to that of cohort (necessary for statistical analyses). Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), waves 8, 9, and 10 (2018, 2020, and 2022) were analyzed to examine differences in values between generations. A first goal is to understand if these differences can serve as a distinguishing criterion and a second is instead to address the lack of literature on generational differences in basic human values (Lyons et al., 2005). The differences that can be identified are not so much to distinguish the Baby Boomers from X-ers but rather for recent generations like X and Y, where agency and individuality in world perception may be crucial for differentiation (Lyons et al., 2007; Robinson, 2013). This work aims to compare the basic human values attitudes of these generations, as these may change over time. By Basic Human Values, we refer to the Shalom H. Schwartz’s theory (1992, 2003; Schwartz et al., 2012), currently part of the ESS questionnaire. These seem to be a key element in describing beliefs, attitudes, and opinions at the individual or collective level (Davidov, 2010; Fischer, 2012; Cieciuch et al., 2017). The Human Values theory seems to fit well with the theory of generations and can be useful in identifying those who have not experienced sudden changes historically (Casavecchia, 2021). Following L. Chisholm’s thesis (2023), if it is true that the faster the change, the shorter a generation lasts, then values may be a key element in understanding increasingly less pronounced generational differences. Using the cohort tool to identify statistically observable groups, five different cohort-generations were considered: the “Reconstruction” generation (which includes those born between 1927 and 1948), the Baby Boom generation
(including those born between 1948/49 and 1968), X (those born between 1968/69 and 1979), Y (between 1979/80 and 1995) and Z (the latter probably still emerging, including those born between 1995/96 and 2008). Generations and their value differences were observed at the mono and bivariate levels descriptively. Taking into particular consideration the role of education, generations were also observed at the multivariate level, comparing them first with the same educational level and then, by educational level achieved. In summary, first between generation and within the level of education, and then between level and within generation, attempting to determine the background and factors influencing these value differences. Values were constructed from the 21 items in the ESS database. Using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the 10 underlying dimensions and then the 4 highest Values encapsulating them (Openness to change vs. Conservatism and Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement) were identified. The role of education were fundamental in the analysis, as we are aware of its potential in terms of changing values, attitudes, and expectations (Rokeach, 2008)
Beyond expectations: how much does the structure of european education systems affects students performance?
No full textThe European education system, during the reform processes of the 1990s, advocated for the standardization of educational pathways and qualifications (Novoa and Dejong-Lambert, 2003; Ertl, 2006). Specifically, isomorphization primarily targeted decentralization policies and evaluative measures. Subsequently, this process extended to tertiary education, addressing the comparability of qualifications and levels of education, while leaving the organization of lower educational levels to the member states. The outcome is the fragmentation in the organizational structures of European education systems, resulting in varying levels of selectivity towards students (Benadusi and Giancola, 2014).
In countries with more selective systems, early tracking practices enhance the influence of social backgrounds on educational choices. This sustains stronger homogeneity in terms of social background and academic performance within each school (Duru-Bellat and Suchaut, 2005). The price for this internal homogeneity appears to be large school segregation, with greater disparities between schools in terms of social composition and average student performance (Sciffer et al., 2022).
Mechanisms of micro-level interactions intervene in individual actions by providing access to information, and influencing beliefs and desires (Hedstrom, 2005; Collins, 2005), while operating within the bounds defined by structural-level variables (Coleman, 1994). In matters of equity of educational outcomes the importance of primary effects (Boudon, 1974) is confirmed by the OECD (2023), which indicates socioeconomic status (SES) as the best predictor of achievement on standardized tests, regardless of the educational system.
The mix of micro and structural effects implies a reinforcement of segregation processes, pointing towards the existence of deep inequalities that tend to concentrate less fortunate students within disadvantaged schools. This phenomenon contributes to the perpetuation of educational disparities and, consequently, leads to divergent life outcomes (Dämmrich and Triventi, 2018).
Aware of the dependency of performances on SES and accounting for the structure of the educational system, the work aims to study the ability of national school systems to ‘produce’ students who perform better and worse than what would be expected of them based on their social background.
Using OECD PISA 2022 data and other international sources a database will be created storing data on educational systems both at the individual and country level for selected European countries. Educational systems will be evaluated in terms of the degree of selectivity defined by their structures (Benadusi, Giancola, 2014; European Commission, 2023). Secondly, primary effects are introduced through the residue distribution of a model that predicts mathematic performances (the main focus of the 2022 round of PISA) from SES. A model fitted on the overall sample will be used to identify the thresholds that will define at what point one deviates from the expectations. These thresholds will be then used on the residues from the same model, fitted on the data at the single country level. This
will allow us to observe how many students in each country fall behind or beyond what could be generally expected. Finally, it will be observed whether the selectivity of educational systems affects the ability to ‘produce’ these students who deviate from expectations
Non predicted trajectories: educational choices over the reproduction of predicted path
No full textThe sociological literature, encompassing both theoretical and empirical perspectives, has extensively examined educational inequalities and the mechanisms responsible for their production and perpetuation. Numerous studies, both qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro in nature, have explored these processes. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on instances where, under specific conditions, the reproduction of these inequalities does not occur. This paper aims to investigate postgraduate choices and determine the extent to which students deviate from social reproduction processes based on their social origin. Utilizing data from a comprehensive survey conducted in the Lazio region from March to May 2023 among students concluding their upper secondary education, our analysis initially explores the number of students who depart from reproduction trajectories outlined in the literature, commonly referred to as “resilient students” in performance analysis (OECD, 2011). Subsequently, we estimate the proportion of low-class students pursuing university education, acknowledging that such students typically exhibit reduced continuation rates compared to their high social class counterparts (Snee, Devine, 2014; Romito, 2021a). It is crucial to consider that the chosen upper secondary school track significantly influenced this transition (Ballarino, Panichella, 2014). This observation contributes to the discussion of maximally maintained inequality (Raftery, Hout, 1993), positing that upper-class students dominate higher education transitions, saturating lower levels and limiting access for lower classes. This analysis is also extended to students with migratory backgrounds. Once groups of cases breaking the chain effect of social reproduction are identified, we characterize them based on gender, school performance, attitudes, and school experiences, aiming to surpass the relative risk aversion approach (Breen, Goldthorpe, 1997; Barone et al., 2021). The underlying hypothesis is that paths of upward educational mobility are influenced less by school and institutional factors and more by individual motivational and performance variables (Van de Werfhost, Hofstede, 2007). The paper reconstructs the chain linking social origin, school track choice, performance, and postgraduate destinations for these students (Giancola, Salmieri, 2022). These destinations are strongly influenced by the mentioned factors, and, in the case of tertiary education, the chosen disciplinary field of study is also affected by these and other factors (Giancola et al., 2023). In defining social origin, we use a summary measure of the employment and educational backgrounds of students’ parents. Additionally, we include the presence of siblings who have undertaken or completed university studies as
a control variable, commonly referred to as “first-generation students” in the literature (Romito, 2021b). In summary, the goal is to elucidate both the dynamics of reproducing inequalities in educational expectations and the processes of upward educational mobility, along with the underlying causes
I teorici della riproduzione delle disuguaglianze
No full textIl capitolo affronta i principali contributi teorici e di ricerca provenienti dalla prospettiva sociologia della riproduzione delle diseguaglianze in relazione al campo dell'istruzione e alle scelte scolastich
Education as an individual and common good: the educational achievements of Generation X in a diachronic comparison
No full textThe analysis of inequalities over time, especially those related to educa-tion, has been a relevant topic in the social sciences. This study proposes a diachronic approach based on cohorts-generations from the postwar era to the contemporary period. It highlights the expansion of educational level but also how persistent gaps between social classes remain stable despite this expansion. In the article we then focus on the pivotal role of “Generation X” as a turning point in relation to the slowdown of a development deemed infinite and inevitable, seeking to open a reflection on the educational destination of future generations
Negotiating motherhood in the works of Laudomia Bonanni
No full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the notion of the maternal in the works of Laudomia Bonanni. I have focused on three of Bonanni’s texts for this purpose: a collection of three short stories entitled Il fosso, and the novels L'imputata and Le droghe. In my analysis, I demonstrate how her writing provides a voice for women and their struggle to survive as mothers and wives in postwar Italy. While examining these issues, I also consider the influence of patriarchal institutions in shaping the status of motherhood in post-World War II Italy and how these cultural and social constraints are portrayed in her works. My research leads to significant conclusions regarding intertextual relationships in Bonanni’s works and her commitment to social critique. In the end, I claim that Laudomia Bonanni, despite her insistence that she is not affiliated with any feminist movement, emerges as a true champion of women’s rights, particularly those of mothers.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Joanne Frallicciardi Lyo
Bone Marrow NK Cells: Origin, Distinctive Features, and Requirements for Tissue Localization
No full textNK cell maturation is a continuous process, which initiates in the bone marrow and proceeds in peripheral tissues, where NK cells follow distinct differentiation routes. Drastic phenotypic changes are observed during progression from precursors to mature NK cells, including changes of expression and functionalities of several chemoattractant receptors. Upon differentiation, mature NK cells migrate outside the bone marrow; as well, peculiar subsets of NK cells can also home back to or localize in this anatomic compartment to play specific functions. In humans, NK cells with a tissue resident phenotype have been identified in bone marrow, sharing similarities with tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells; while in mouse, long-lived NK cells undergo homeostatic proliferation in this site during viral infections. The mechanisms underlying NK cell subset localization in the bone marrow have only recently started to be investigated, especially in pathological settings such as tumors or infections. In this review, we discuss the phenotype and function of NK cells as well as their requirements for bone marrow maintenance and/or homing. Copyright © 2019 Bonanni, Sciumè, Santoni and Bernardini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
Albori di Entomologia merceologica e urbana nell'opera del microscopista Filippo Bonanni (1638-1725)
No full textFILIPPO BONANNI (1638-1725)
The Roman Jesuit Filippo Bonanni (1638-1725) is a prominent figure in the European cultural
landscape of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was a scholar, a man of many interests,
both humanistic and scientific, an eclectic writer; in the history of biological sciences Bonanni
occupies a non-marginal position for his contributions in the malacological and entomological
fields, but he is best known for being, in the wake of his master the Jesuit Athanasius Kircher, a
staunch defender of the theory of spontaneous generation. This certainly damaged his reputation
as a scholar in comparison with more or less contemporary scientists who instead contributed to
refuting this theory with accurate experimental research (among the Italians, in this regard, Redi,
Malpighi, Marsili, Cestoni and Vallisnieri stand out). Bonanni’s observations on insects and other
arthropods, which he carried out above all with the aim of finding arguments in favor of the
generatio aequivoca, are found in his work Observationes circa viventia, quae in rebus non
viventibus reperiuntur. Cum micrographia curiosa sive rerum minutissimarum observationibus,
quae ope microscopii recognitae ad vivum exprimuntur, published in Rome in 1691. Written
observations thus supporting spontaneous generation, but accompanied by numerous valuable
illustrations made with the aid of the microscope which Bonanni, valiant microscopist as well as
a skilled draftsman and engraver, perfected himself, in order to investigate the microcosm of
arthropods beyond the potential of the human eye - apart from the dialectical intent mentioned
above. This is the primary objective of the Micrographia curiosa, the appendix to his work, which
enriches what is presented in the main part of the volume with further findings and tables. A
valuable work, above all related to commodity, urban and stored product entomology, given that
the author finds in the arthropods of the urban and domestic environment the raw material most
at hand as a source for observations and experiences. With surprising precision for the time, in
the Observationes mosquito, sand fly, flea, lice, booklice, coleopteran larvae, moths, other
dipterans and their details, mites, etc. are illustrated. Bonanni is the first descriptor and illustrator
ever of certain insects. Among others, worthy of note is a dermestid larva, very probably of the
genus Anthrenus, with much enlarged detail of the typical hastisetae or spear bristles, and some
figures of pretarsi of Diptera Brachycera. As a microscopist he can be compared to the
Englishman Robert Hooke (1635-1709), almost coeval, who published a Micrographia in London
(1667), from which Bonanni seems to have drawn useful insights
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