424 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948231219832 – Supplemental material for Mental health problems among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study from Sweden
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948231219832 for Mental health problems among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study from Sweden by HÅKAN KÄLLMEN and MATS HALLGREN in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health</p
Studies in youth alcohol consumption and prevention
No full textBackground: Alcohol remains the ‘drug of choice’ for most young people and is responsible for a sizable proportion of deaths and injuries every year. In Sweden, total consumption and rates of heavy episodic drinking have reduced over the past ten years. At the same time, the number of adolescents admitted to hospital as a consequence of their drinking has risen. This unexpected trend warrants explanation with empirical research. The recent increase in serious alcohol-related harms also suggests there is more to learn about what works in prevention, including the effects of community-based approaches and targeted brief interventions.Objectives: The thesis has two main objectives; first, to describe recent trends in alcohol consumption among Swedish youth, with a particular focus on polarisation effects (Study I). The second objective is to examine the effects of various alcohol prevention strategies targeting young people, and what can be learnt from these interventions (Studies II-IV).Methods: Study I (polarized youth drinking) uses repeated cross-sectional self-report data from the Stockholm Student Survey to explore changes in alcohol consumption and risk factors associated with heavy drinking among year 9 and year 11 students in Stockholm between 2000 and 2010. Changes in the dispersion of consumption over time are reported. Study II also uses cross-sectional data to examine the effects of a comprehensive alcohol prevention trial targeting young people in 12 communities in Sweden between 2003 and 2007. Studies III and IV assess the effectiveness of a brief health education program on consumption and attitudes towards alcohol in high schools and the Swedish military, with assessments taken at 5 and 20 month follow-up. All participants were aged between 15 and 20 years.Results: Findings indicate that a polarization in youth drinking is a likely explanation for the recent divergence between alcohol consumption and serious alcohol-related harms among youth. We found significant increases in the dispersion of consumption over time, indicating more heavy drinkers in the tail end of the drinking distribution. Most adolescent in Stockholm continue to drink less or abstain from alcohol completely, but a minority continue to drink more alcohol. Results concerning the relationship between heavy drinking and risk factors were inconclusive. We found no significant improvements in six trial communities compared to six control communities following a four year multi-component community intervention primarily targeting young people, although adults in the trial communities developed more restrictive attitudes towards the supply of alcohol. The Prime for Life brief health education program did not lead to significant improvements in alcohol use or attitudes towards alcohol in either high school students or military conscripts.Conclusion: We suggest that ongoing social changes could be affecting young people in the form of greater disparities which are associated with a higher incidence of social problems generally, including heavy drinking. Communities can be mobilized to initiate the organizational changes necessary for effective alcohol prevention. However, for aggregate level effects on youth drinking, strategies with demonstrated effectiveness must be implemented consistently and given sufficient time to influence drinking habits. Brief health education strategies, such as Prime for Life, may help to improve short-term attitudes towards alcohol use, but are unlikely to result in sustained behaviour change.List of scientific papersI. Hallgren M, Leifman H., & Andréasson S. (2012) Drinking less but greater harms: could polarised drinking habits explain the divergence between consumption and harm among youth? Alcohol and Alcoholism. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/ags071 II. Hallgren M, Leifman H, & Andréasson, S. (2012) The Swedish six community alcohol and drug prevention trial: Key findings and lessons learnt. [Submitted]III. Hallgren M, Källmén H, Leifman H, Sjölund T, & Andréasson S. (2008) Evaluation of an alcohol risk reduction program (PRIME for Life) in young Swedish military conscripts. Health Education. 109(2):155-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/09654280910936602IV. Hallgren M, Sjölund T, Kallmén H, & Andréasson S. (2010) Modifying alcohol consumption among Swedish high school students: an efficacy trial of an alcohol risk reduction program (PRIME for Life). Health Education. 111(3): 216-229. https://doi.org/10.1108/09654281111123493</p
Regular exercise participation mediates the affective response to acute bouts of vigorous exercise
No full textPhysical inactivity is a leading factor associated with cardiovascular disease and a major contributor to the global burden of disease in developed countries. Subjective mood states associated with acute exercise are likely to influence future exercise adherence and warrant further investigation. The present study examined the effects of a single bout of vigorous exercise on mood and anxiety between individuals with substantially different exercise participation histories. Mood and anxiety were assessed one day before an exercise test (baseline), 5 minutes before (pre-test) and again 10 and 25 minutes post-exercise.\ud
Participants were 31 university students (16 males, 15 females; Age M = 20), with 16 participants reporting a history of regular exercise with the remaining 15 reporting to not exercise regularly. Each participant completed an incremental exercise test on a Monark cycle ergometer to volitional exhaustion. Regular exercisers reported significant post-exercise improvements in mood and reductions in state anxiety. By contrast, non-regular\ud
exercisers reported an initial decline in post-exercise mood and increased anxiety, followed by an improvement in mood and reduction in anxiety back to pre-exercise levels. Our findings suggest that previous exercise participation mediates affective responses to acute bouts of vigorous exercise. We suggest that to maximise positive mood changes following exercise, practitioners should carefully consider the individual’s exercise participation history before prescribing new regimes
The Swedish six-community alcohol and drug prevention trial: Effects on youth drinking
No full textAbstractIntroduction and AimsLocal communities are increasingly targeted for alcohol and drug prevention campaigns. This study describes some of the key findings from the Swedish six‐community alcohol and drug prevention trial (2003–2007) and lessons learned following an evaluation of the trial's effectiveness. The paper focuses mainly on changes in youth drinking and related harms.Design and MethodsThis was a pre‐ to post‐intervention effect study comparing six trial communities that received added training and technical support with six control communities where regular prevention efforts were supported by national alcohol and drug action plans. A repeated, cross‐sectional survey of 8092 youths aged 15–19 years assessed changes in alcohol consumption, binge drinking, perceived alcohol availability, access to alcohol via parents and adult attitudes towards the supply of alcohol to youths. National registry data were used to assess changes in hospital admissions due to alcohol intoxication.ResultsOverall, there were few significant improvements in the six trial communities compared with the control communities.Discussion and ConclusionsThe absence of program effects was largely attributable to the selection of strategies (in particular, school and parental programs) lacking evidence of effectiveness in reducing alcohol consumption at the aggregate level. Prevention programs based on efficacy studies need to be tested in community‐based effectiveness trials before being disseminated. [Hallgren M & Andréasson S. The Swedish six‐community alcohol and drug prevention trial: Effects on youth drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:504–511]</p
Implementing a person centred collaborative health care model : A qualitative study on patient experiences
No full textBackground: Collaborative Health Care (CHC) is a unique model in which ambulance services, home health care, hospital care and the national telephone helpline for healthcare in Sweden – Swedish health care direct (SHD1177) collaborate to provide the fastest possible health care for inhabitants living in eleven municipalities in western region of Sweden. Aim: To explore how patients experience and perceive health care received in the CHC. Method: Qualitative descriptive study using open-ended individual telephone interviews with fifteen community dwelling persons with experiences of care throughthe model CHC were conducted. Results: Two main categories and six subcategories were identified. The category “Thoughts of time in regard to acute health care” include “CHC leads to shorter waiting time for health care”, “Knowledge about the staff working hours” and “To alert or not alert”. The category “Thoughts on unplanned health care from CHC” involved “Receiving health care in my home”, ”Coordination from SHD1177 surprises” and “Accessibility of health care values higher than continuity”. Conclusion: Integrated health care models such as CHC are time saving and highly appreciated by community dwelling persons. The benefits of provision of coherent health care like in CHC, addresses the need to implement innovative integrated healthcare models in today's health care. CC BY 4.0© 2021 The Author(s)Corresponding author: [email protected] (J. Hallgren)</p
Passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors and incident major depressive disorder: A 13-year cohort study
No full textBACKGROUND: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of depression onset and is an effective treatment for mood disorders. Recent studies have reported that sedentary behavior (SB) increases the risk of depression in adults, but relationships of different types of SBs with depression have not been examined systematically. We explored longitudinal relationships of passive (e.g. watching TV) and mentally-active (e.g. office-work) SBs with incident major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were completed by 40,569 Swedish adults in 1997; responses were linked to clinician-diagnosed MDD obtained from medical registers until 2010. Relationships between passive, mentally-active and total SBs with incident MDD were explored using survival analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression. Models controlled for leisure time moderate-vigorous physical activity and occupational physical activity. Moderating effects of gender were examined. RESULTS: In fully-adjusted models, including only non-depressed adults at baseline, those reporting ≥ 3 h of mentally-active SBs on a typical day (versus < 3 h) had significant lower hazards of incident MDD at follow-up (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.94, p = 0.018). There was a non-significant positive relationship of passive SBs with incident MDD (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.96-1.52, p = 0.106). The association between total SBs (passive and mentally-active combined) was not significant (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.75-1.10, p = 0.36). Gender did not moderate these associations. LIMITATIONS: Physical activity and SBs were self-reported. CONCLUSION: Mentally-active SBs may have beneficial effects on adults' mental well-being. These effects are largely independent of habitual physical activity levels.sponsorship: Mats Hallgren was awarded a research grant to support this work (Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, FORTE: grant number DELG-2016/0028). The funding agency had no role in the preparation of this manuscript. (Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, FORTE|DELG-2016/0028)status: Publishe
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