1,720,969 research outputs found
LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain
Full text linkLately, propelled by the phenomenal advances around the transformer
architecture, the legal NLP field has enjoyed spectacular growth. To measure
progress, well curated and challenging benchmarks are crucial. However, most
benchmarks are English only and in legal NLP specifically there is no
multilingual benchmark available yet. Additionally, many benchmarks are
saturated, with the best models clearly outperforming the best humans and
achieving near perfect scores. We survey the legal NLP literature and select 11
datasets covering 24 languages, creating LEXTREME. To provide a fair
comparison, we propose two aggregate scores, one based on the datasets and one
on the languages. The best baseline (XLM-R large) achieves both a dataset
aggregate score a language aggregate score of 61.3. This indicates that
LEXTREME is still very challenging and leaves ample room for improvement. To
make it easy for researchers and practitioners to use, we release LEXTREME on
huggingface together with all the code required to evaluate models and a public
Weights and Biases project with all the runs.Comment: Published at EMNLP Findings 202
Zero-Shot Award Criteria extraction via Large Language Models from German Procurement Data from Switzerland
No full textPublic procurement serves as a model for sustainable practices (Sönnichsen and Clement, 2020). Recent legislation in Switzerland mandates considerations of economic, environmental, and social responsibility in public spending, including within the realm of public procurement. To assess the extent to which these legislative measures have influenced public procurement practices, one may examine Award Criteria (ACs) based on which procuring entities determine the most suitable bidder. This paper demonstrates the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for extracting ACs from Swiss calls for tenders (CFTs), specifically those in German. We evaluate the efficacy of a German Large Language Model (LLM) in executing four tasks with a single zero-shot prompt: (1) Text Classification (TC), determining whether a call for tenders (CFT) includes ACs; (2) Named Entity Recognition (NER), identifying ACs and other related named entities; (3) Relation Extraction (RE), elucidating relationships between named entity instances; and (4) Formatting, compiling the information into a structured JSON format. We evaluate our approach on a set of 167 annotated CFTs. This approach facilitates the automated monitoring and evaluation of ACs overtime regarding sustainability. Both our code and the annotated dataset are publicly available: https://github.com/kapllan/GATE-CH
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Zero-Shot Award Criteria extraction via Large Language Models from German Procurement Data from Switzerland
No full textPublic procurement serves as a model for sustainable practices (Sönnichsen and Clement, 2020). Recent legislation in Switzerland mandates considerations of economic, environmental, and social responsibility in public spending, including within the realm of public procurement. To assess the extent to which these legislative measures have influenced public procurement practices, one may examine Award Criteria (ACs) based on which procuring entities determine the most suitable bidder. This paper demonstrates the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for extracting ACs from Swiss calls for tenders (CFTs), specifically those in German. We evaluate the efficacy of a German Large Language Model (LLM) in executing four tasks with a single zero-shot prompt: (1) Text Classification (TC), determining whether a call for tenders (CFT) includes ACs; (2) Named Entity Recognition (NER), identifying ACs and other related named entities; (3) Relation Extraction (RE), elucidating relationships between named entity instances; and (4) Formatting, compiling the information into a structured JSON format. We evaluate our approach on a set of 167 annotated CFTs. This approach facilitates the automated monitoring and evaluation of ACs overtime regarding sustainability. Both our code and the annotated dataset are publicly available: https://github.com/kapllan/GATE-CH
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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