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Análise jurídica da contribuição para o custeio da iluminação pública no Brasil: COSIP
Get PDFThe public illumination represents the essential unconditional source for the
community quality of life. Besides illuminating streets, avenues, squares, historical
monuments and others public areas, favoring leisure, commerce and the tourism, while
improving the image of the cities, the public illumination, trough the civilization, constituted,
in such a way, one of the vectors for the public security in the question of the traffic of
pedestrians and vehicles as much in the prevention to crime.
The privatization of the electric sector incited the debate about the public illumination
difficult situation in Brazil, because of controversies in the definition of the effective ability
and responsibility for the service installment, as well as in function of advances and
retrocession in the search process of the expenditure source equation and financing of this
essential public service.
The present research has as objective, analyzing the legal questions that involve the
financing of the electric energy consumption for the service installment of public illumination
in its aspects, considering sinc e the question to whom the responsibility for its installment
competes effectively, the tax adopted to finance this service, systemize the existing
irregularities in the contribution collection for the expenditure of the public illumination.
Some data concerning the importance of the public illumination in the energy aspect had been
raised, pointing the participation of the public illumination in the electric energy consumption,
as well as information about the service installment of public illumination in the
concessionaire point of view, concerning electric energy public service.
The final results indicate the existence of irregularities in the contribution collection
for expenditure of public illumination - COSIP, introduced in the Brazilian legal system by
the Constitutional Emendation nº 39, of 2002, aiming at taking care of thousands of Brazilian
mayor’s claim. Amongst the irregularities, the violation to the constitutional principles, as
well as the legal nature of the collection have been the target of doctrinal quarrels and debates
between the ones involved in the utility relationship of the concessionaire versus the
responsible entity for the service installment, city halls versus townspeople and
concessionaires versus users/consumer.
It is inferred that there is an urgent necessity of a better evaluation and build an
equation of the financing source for the service expenditure of public illumination, that is
under municipal authority. With the results’ analysis, it is concluded that the cost of public
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illumination expenditure is becoming, in fact, each time more an insoluble problem, because
it cannot assume the contribution, but also cannot pretend to have the legal nature of a tax.
Facing the facts, identifications finally appear in order to solve the impasse, either
with the institution of a tribute compatible with the constitutional rules, or the suggestion of
more reasonable and fair tributes.A iluminação pública representa uma fonte essencial e incondicional para a qualidade
de vida da comunidade. Além de iluminar ruas, avenidas, praças, monumentos históricos e
demais logradouros públicos, favorecendo o lazer, o comércio e o turismo ao melhorar a
imagem das cidades, a iluminação pública, ao longo da civilização, constituiu um dos vetores
para a segurança pública tanto na questão do tráfego de pedestres e veículos quanto na
prevenção à criminalidade.
A privatização do setor elétrico acirrou o debate sobre a difícil situação da iluminação
pública no Brasil, por causa de controvérsias na definição da efetiva competência e
responsabilidade pela prestação do serviço, bem como em função de avanços e retrocessos no
processo de busca do equacionamento da fonte de custeio e financiamento desse serviço
público essencial.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, ana lisar as questões jurídicas que envolvem o
financiamento do consumo de energia elétrica para a prestação do serviço de iluminação
pública nos seus diversos aspectos, considerando desde a questão a quem compete
efetivamente a responsabilidade pela sua prestação, quanto a espécie tributária adotada para
financiar tal serviço, sistematizando as irregularidades existentes na cobrança da contribuição
para o custeio da iluminação pública. Foram levantados também dados acerca da importância
da iluminação pública no Setor Elétrico apontando a participação da iluminação pública no
consumo de energia elétrica, bem como informações relativas a prestação do serviço de
iluminação pública na visão das concessionárias de serviço público de energia elétrica.
Os resultados gerados indicam a existência de irregularidades na cobrança da
contribuição para custeio da iluminação pública – COSIP, introduzida no ordenamento
jurídico brasileiro por meio da Emenda Constitucional nº 39, de 2002, visando atender a
reivindicação de milhares de prefeitos brasileiros. Dentre as constatações de irregularidades, a
violação aos princípios constitucionais, bem como a natureza jurídica da cobrança são alvos
de discussões doutrinárias e debates entre os envolvidos na relação concessionária de serviço
público versus entidade responsável pela prestação do serviço, prefeituras versus munícipes e
concessionárias versus usuários/consumidores.
Infere-se que há a urgente necessidade de uma melhor avaliação e equacionamento da
fonte de financiamento para custeio do serviço de iluminação pública, de competência
municipal. Com a análise dos resultados, conclui-se que o custeio da iluminação pública se
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torna, de fato, cada vez mais um problema aparentemente insolúvel, porque não pode assumir
a feição de contribuição, mas também não pode revestir-se da natureza jurídica de taxa.
Diante dos fatos, surgem finalmente identificações a fim de solucionar o impasse, seja
com a instituição de um tributo compatível com os preceitos constitucionais, ou a sugestão da
espécie mais justa dos tributos
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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