1,720,972 research outputs found
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980-2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)
No full textA high-resolution gridded dataset of daily mean temperature and precipitation series spanning the period 1980-2018 was built for Trentino-South Tyrol, a mountainous region in north-eastern Italy, starting from an archive of observation series from more than 200 meteorological stations and covering the regional domain and surrounding countries. The original station data underwent a processing chain including quality and consistency checks, homogeneity tests, with the homogenization of the most relevant breaks in the series, and a filling procedure of daily gaps aiming at maximizing the data availability. Using the processed database, an anomaly-based interpolation scheme was applied to project the daily station observations of mean temperature and precipitation onto a regular grid of 250g mg ×g 250g m resolution. The accuracy of the resulting dataset was evaluated by leave-one-out station cross-validation. Averaged over all sites, interpolated daily temperature and precipitation show no bias, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of about 1.5g g C and 1.1g mm and a mean correlation of 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. The obtained daily fields were used to discuss the spatial representation of selected past events and the distribution of the main climatological features over the region, which shows the role of the mountainous terrain in defining the temperature and precipitation gradients. In addition, the suitability of the dataset to be combined with other high-resolution products was evaluated through a comparison of the gridded observations with snow-cover maps from remote sensing observations. The presented dataset provides an accurate insight into the spatio-temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation over the mountainous terrain of Trentino-South Tyrol and a valuable support for local and regional applications of climate variability and change. The dataset is publicly available at 10.1594/PANGAEA.924502 (Crespi et al., 2020)
Evaluating snow in EURO-CORDEX regional climate models with observations for the european alps: Biases and their relationship to orography, temperature, and precipitation mismatches
Full text linkClimate models are important tools to assess current and future climate. While they have been extensively used for studying temperature and precipitation, only recently regional climate models (RCMs) arrived at horizontal resolutions that allow studies of snow in complex mountain terrain. Here, we present an evaluation of the snow variables in theWorld Climate Research Program Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) RCMs with gridded observations of snow cover (from MODIS remote sensing) and temperature and precipitation (E-OBS), as well as with point (station) observations of snow depth and temperature for the European Alps. Large scale snow cover dynamics were reproduced well with some over-and under-estimations depending on month and RCM. The orography, temperature, and precipitation mismatches could on average explain 31% of the variability in snow cover bias across grid-cells, and even more than 50% in the winter period November-April. Biases in average monthly snow depth were remarkably low for reanalysis driven RCMs
Assessing the impact of climate change on energy retrofit of alpine historic buildings: Consequences for the hygrothermal performance
Full text linkClimate change will affect future hygrothermal performance of buildings. This could lead to higher risks regarding energy optimization, thermal comfort and historic building conservation depending on the local climate, building construction and retrofit solutions adopted. This paper explores the risks brought by climate change on a typical residential historic building of South Tyrol. The results obtained show that, although the climate warming will reduce the future heating energy demand, an improvement of buildings' energy performance will still be necessary to increase sustainability and ensure their continued use. Natural ventilation would suffice to prevent overheating in the studied location, but a further analysis is needed for warmer alpine regions. Regarding the moisture-related risks for the historic construction, mould growth should be considered when retrofitting a wooden wall and frost damage should be carefully studied in the case of sandstone walls
Intercomparison of Machine Learning Models for Spatial Downscaling of Daily Mean Temperature in Complex Terrain
Full text linkWe compare three machine learning models—artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN)—for spatial downscaling of temperature at 2 m above ground (T2M) from a 9 km ERA5-Land reanalysis to 1 km in a complex terrain area, including the Non Valley and the Adige Valley in the Italian Alps. The results suggest that CNN performs better than the other methods across all seasons. RF performs similar to CNN, particularly in spring and summer, but its performance is reduced in winter and autumn. The best performance was observed in summer for CNN (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 1 °C, MAE = 0.78 °C) and the lowest in winter for ANN (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 1.6 °C, MAE = 1.3 °C). Elevation is an important predictor for ANN and RF, whereas it does not play a significant role for CNN. Additionally, CNN outperforms others even without elevation as an additional feature. Furthermore, MAE increases with higher elevation for ANN across all seasons. Conversely, MAE decreases with increased elevation for RF and CNN, particularly for summer, and remains mostly stable for other seasons
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Elevation-dependent biases of raw and bias-adjusted EURO-CORDEX regional climate models in the European Alps
No full textData from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble of regional climate model simulations and the CORDEX-Adjust dataset were evaluated over the European Alps using multiple gridded observational datasets. Biases, which are here defined as the difference between models and observations, were assessed as a function of the elevation for different climate indices that span average and extreme conditions. Moreover, we assessed the impact of different observational datasets on the evaluation, including E-OBS, APGD, and high-resolution national datasets. Furthermore, we assessed the bi-variate dependency of temperature and precipitation biases, their temporal evolution, and the impact of different bias adjustment methods and bias adjustment reference datasets. Biases in seasonal temperature, seasonal precipitation, and wet-day frequency were found to increase with elevation. Differences in temporal trends between RCMs and observations caused a temporal dependency of biases, which could be removed by detrending both observations and RCMs. The choice of the reference observation datasets used for bias adjustment turned out to be more relevant than the choice of the bias adjustment method itself. Consequently, climate change assessments in mountain regions need to pay particular attention to the choice of observational dataset and, furthermore, to the elevation dependence of biases and the increasing observational uncertainty with elevation in order to provide robust information on future climate
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
