102,670 research outputs found
Nouvelle dérivation de l'équation de transfert d'un rayonnement de polarisation quelconque dans une atmosphère en non-ETL, en présence d'un champ magnétique. III. L'équation de transfert
No full textWe write the line transfer equation of an arbitrarily polarized beam of radiation, from the equation of evolution for the Stokes vector that has been derived in the first two papers of this series [Mathys 1981a, b]. We also write the statistical equilibrium equations that must be solved simultaneously with the former, in order to account for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium.Mathys G. Nouvelle dérivation de l'équation de transfert d'un rayonnement de polarisation quelconque dans une atmosphère en non-ETL, en présence d'un champ magnétique. III. L'équation de transfert . In: Bulletin de la Classe des sciences, tome 67, 1981. pp. 820-834
A. Mathys et G. Hossey, L'église disparue de St- Martin à Lorcy (Arville). Archeologia Belgica n° 130, 1971
No full textBodard Pierre. A. Mathys et G. Hossey, L'église disparue de St- Martin à Lorcy (Arville). Archeologia Belgica n° 130, 1971. In: Revue du Nord, tome 56, n°223, Octobre-décembre 1974. p. 526
A. Mathys et G. Hossey, L'église disparue de St- Martin à Lorcy (Arville). Archeologia Belgica n° 130, 1971
No full textBodard Pierre. A. Mathys et G. Hossey, L'église disparue de St- Martin à Lorcy (Arville). Archeologia Belgica n° 130, 1971. In: Revue du Nord, tome 56, n°223, Octobre-décembre 1974. p. 526
Bootstrapping chiral CFTs at genus two
No full textGenus two partition functions of 2d chiral conformal field theories are given by Siegel modular forms. We compute their conformal blocks and use them to perform the conformal bootstrap. The advantage of this approach is that it imposes crossing symmetry of an infinite family of four point functions and also modular invariance at the same time. Since for a fixed central charge the ring of Siegel modular forms is finite dimensional, we can perform this analytically. In this way we derive bounds on three point functions and on the spectrum of such theories
Sechelleptus arborivagus Vandenspiegel & Henrard & Mathys 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sechelleptus arborivagus</i> sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0F7B3368-17F8-4CAD-8B11-C34B564FE8DE</p> <p>Figs 3–8</p> Diagnosis <p> A medium-sized arboreal millipede with relatively long legs, particularly similar to <i>S. variabilis</i> by sharing the structure of the male first leg and rather simple gonopods with the metaplica widened and a little higher than proplica, the latter without lateral cone. The two species differ by the gonotelopodite being apically divided in two branches in <i>S. arborivagus</i> sp. nov. and simple in <i>S. variabilis.</i></p> Etymology <p>Referring to the ecology of the species, which has always been observed climbing trees.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p> FRANCE – <b>Department of Mayotte</b> (Comoros archipelago) • ♂; Mt. Tchaourembo; 12°52′14″ S, 045°08′44″ E; 540–550 m a.s.l.; 25 Nov. 2019; D. VandenSpiegel and A. Mathys leg.; on tree; by hand; GenBank accession numbers: MW168813 (COI), MW148622 (16S rRNA); BE_RMCA_MYR. Dip.22874.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b></p> <p> FRANCE – <b>Department of Mayotte</b> (Comoros archipelago) • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; GenBank accession numbers: MW168814 (COI), MW148623 (16S rRNA); BE_RMCA_ MYR.Dip.22875 • 9 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; GenBank accession numbers: MW168815 (COI), MW148624 (16S rRNA); BE_RMCA_MYR.Dip.22876.</p> Additional material <p> FRANCE – <b>Department of Mayotte</b> (Comoros archipelago) • 1 ♀; Mt. Benara; 12°52′ S, 045°11′ E; 23 Jan. 1999; R. Jocqué and G. De Smet leg.; forest; by hand; GenBank accession numbers: MW148621 (16S rRNA); BE_RMCA_MYR.Dip.17917.</p> Description <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p>With 57 body rings (plus telson, no apodous rings); ca 100 mm long, 7 mm wide.</p> <p>LIVE COLORATION (Fig. 3). Head, collum, antennae, telson, anal valves and legs uniformly light brownish to dark brownish. Metazonae light brown to red-brown. Posterior margin of metazonites dark brown.</p> <p>HEAD. Smooth. Each eye patch with circa 60 ommatidia arranged in seven horizontal rows (Fig. 4A), Labrum with three smoothly rounded teeth and a single row of 21 short labral setae (Fig. 4G). Clypeus with four supra-labral setae, two on each side (Fig. 4G). Antennae moderately long (Fig. 3), protruding back to ring 2. Relative length of antennomeres: 1>2>3=4=5>6. Terminal antennomere (disc) with four large sensory cones located together inside a membranous area. Each of antennomeres 5 and 6 apicolaterally with a field of narrow and long sensilla basiconica (Fig. 4B). Gnathochilarium, usual for spirostreptideans (Fig. 4D). Prementum (pm) smooth and straight, not depressed. Mentum (me) smooth. Lamellae linguales each with two strong apical setae, one equally strong seta behind these, plus, basally, an oblique line of four setae. Stipites with a basal longitudinal field of setae, lateral margin in distal half with a row of setae; one isolated, subapical, stout seta or sensillum; cardo small, kidney-shaped. Mandibles (Fig. 4E, F) with stipes devoid of differentiation. Odontomere (od) long, moveable. Sectile edge (se) of psectromere (ps) with four lobes; eight pectinate lamellae (pl). One wide molar furrow (mf).</p> <p>COLLUM. Smooth, ventrally with six longitudinal furrows, anteroventral angle 80–90°.</p> <p>BODY RINGS. Prozonae smooth. Metazonae with longitudinal striae ventrally from ca ⅔ ring length below ozopore. Ozopores located on metazonae, starting with ring 6, located close to, but not touching the suture between pro- and metazonae. Limbus simple (Fig. 4H). Defensive glands well-developed (Fig. 4I).</p> <p>TELSON. Preanal ring with a shallow submarginal depression. Anal valves smooth, without submarginal depression. Hypoproct, small, widely triangular.</p> <p>LEGS. Length 0.45–0.5 × body diameter, postfemoral and tibial pads (Fig. 4J) from third male leg-pair until beyond midbody, pads decreasing in size posteriorly; claw large, curved (Fig. 4K). First pair of male legs with a well-developed prefemoral process ending in an inward curved tip (Fig. 5A). Coxosternum with a laterobasal field of four strong setae on anterior side.</p> <p>GONOPODS (Figs 5B–E, 6). Sternum (st) triangular, not reaching as far distad as paracoxite (px). Metaplica (mp) higher than proplica, rounded apically (Fig. 5C; mp). Proplica with straight sides, in apical part with scattered short setae, ending apically in a more or less spiniform mesapical projection (Fig. 5C; mpp) and a well-developed, apicolateral, lamellose lobe (Fig. 6C; al); telopodite (Fig. 5B, E; tlp) long and slender, without a distinct demarcation between femoral and postfemoral parts, femorite with a small and pointed antetorsal process (Fig. 5E; ats), postfemorite spiralled, ribbon-shaped, broad and long, with a divided tip, the longer branch carrying the terminal opening of the solenomere (Fig. 5B; sl).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b></p> <p>Male similar to holotype.</p> <p>Female coloration as in male, but generally larger in size than male (up to 120 mm long 9 mm wide (58–61 body rings plus telson, no apodous rings). Vulvae located in membranous pouches attached to coxae 2 and 3 and to the inner lateral margin of ring 1, simple, consisting of two simple, subequallysized, moderately sclerotized valves, the aboral valve with an apical cluster of setae; ridge between valves covered with a lateral longitudinal operculum (Fig. 7).</p> Distribution <p>The species seems endemic to Mayotte (Fig. 8).</p> Affinities <p> On the basis of the gonopod structure having the telopodite with a spine arising well distad of the knee, a ribbon-shaped distal part, and a small free solenomerite arising just near the apex, the new species is manifestly a new member of the large genus <i>Sechelleptus</i>. Following the key published by Jeekel in 1999, <i>arborivagus</i> keys out close to <i>sulcicollis</i> and <i>macilentus</i>. Indeed the three species have a rather simple gonocoxite with a distally widened metaplica without a strong lateral cone but the new species do not show the small lateral uncus present on the metaplica of <i>sulcicolis</i> and possess a more or less spiniform mesapical projection on the proplica which is not present in <i>sulcicolis</i> neither in <i>macilentus</i>. By the overall shape of the male first leg and gonocoxite, the new species seems to be especially close to <i>S. variabilis</i>, also from the Comoros, but it differs strikingly by the structure of the gonotelopodite (in <i>S. variabilis</i> the gonotelopodite has a simple and pointed tip carrying the terminal opening of the seminal groove whereas in the new species the gonotelopodite has a divided tip, the longer branch carrying the terminal opening of the seminal groove) as well as by the larger body size and the longer and curved claws (Fig. 4K vs Fig. 2C). Other important differences concern the defensives glands, large in <i>S. arborivagus</i> sp. nov. (Fig. 4I) (vs inconspicuous in <i>S. variabilis</i> (Fig. 2A)), and the size of eyes: in the new specie the eyes are larger and include 60 ± 5 ommatidia (n = 10) arranged in 12 rows; whereas in <i>S. variabilis</i> the eyes, smaller, include 34 ± 3 (n = 10) ommatidia arranged in 9 rows.</p> Natural history <p> Most of the specimens belonging to the new species were collected on Mt Tchaourembo (see Fig. 8) in a forest fragment at 500–550 m a.s.l. All specimens were seen in trees and never in pairs, the males being rare (sex ratio> <b>1/6</b>). The species possesses enlarged ommatidia, relatively long legs with strongly curved tarsal claws, as well as a tendency for specimens to secrete extremely copiously from their defensive glands when irritated. Such modifications are considered by several authors as an adaptation to tree climbing and to arboreal life (Enghoff & Enghoff 1976; Hoffman & Howell 1983; VandenSpiegel 2001).</p> Discussion <p> Millipede systematics is mainly based on male gonopods because they use to be species-specific (Bond <i>et al</i>. 2003). However, studies based on DNA have demonstrated that molecular divergence in different millipede groups may not reflect divergence in morphology-based identifications and may hide considerable variation (Bond & Sierwald 2002; Bond <i>et al</i>. 2003; Adams <i>et al</i>. 2009; Mwabvu <i>et al</i>. 2013, 2015; Tinago <i>et al</i>. 2017). Although our relatively small taxon sampling, the phylogenetic analysis strongly recovers <i>Sechelleptus</i> as monophyletic and discriminates at least two or three different groups. Furthermore, the mean inter-specific distance values (14.9% for COI and 5.1% for 16S) were remarkably similar to previous studies that reported the presence of high genetic divergence among population of different spirostreptid species (Mwabvu <i>et al</i>. 2013, 2015), suggesting the existence of more than one species in those taxa. It is argued that high level of divergence between identified spirostreptid species may indicate that changes in genital morphology occur rather slowly relative to the high rate of substitution in mitochondrial sequences (especially for COI), and may underestimate species diversity. This also appears to be the case among the different forms of Mayottan <i>Sechelleptus</i>, which also share strongly similar gonopods. At the first glance, the new species of <i>Sechelleptus</i> seems to be a giant form of <i>S. variabilis.</i> However, although only subtle morphological differences are observed within the gonopods, the comparatively large body size and the behavior of <i>S. arborivagus</i> sp. nov. are remarkable. These observations finally corroborate our molecular analyses that clearly show sufficient genetic difference between the different <i>Sechelleptus</i> species collected on Mayotte (22.6% for COI and 6.6% for 16S between <i>S. arborivagus</i> sp. nov. and <i>S. variabilis</i>).</p> <p> The genetic analyses also suggest the presence of another different species, i.e., DU1, although its phylogenetic position remains unresolved. This unique specimen found at Mont Combani is a sub-adult female that could not allow a formal identification, but, judging from its general appearance, appears to be an intermediate from between the two <i>Sechelleptus</i> species collected on Mayotte. The genetic divergences, along with adaptations to arboreal life observed in the novel species, may indicate an “adaptive micro-radiation” on Mayotte Island or even the Comoros. However, the inclusion of more specimens, including adult males, in phylogenetic analyses is needed to test this hypothesis and evaluate the status of that putative new species.</p>Published as part of <i>Vandenspiegel, Didier, Henrard, Arnaud & Mathys, Aurore, 2021, Sechelleptus arborivagus sp. nov., a new arboreal spirostreptid millipede (Diplopoda, Spirostreptidae) endemic to Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago), Indian Ocean, pp. 1-21 in European Journal of Taxonomy 755 (1)</i> on pages 8-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1395, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4966001">http://zenodo.org/record/4966001</a>
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Active inference and epistemic value
No full textWe offer a formal treatment of choice behavior based on the premise that agents minimize the expected free energy of future outcomes. Crucially, the negative free energy or quality of a policy can be decomposed into extrinsic and epistemic (or intrinsic) value. Minimizing expected free energy is therefore equivalent to maximizing extrinsic value or expected utility (defined in terms of prior preferences or goals), while maximizing information gain or intrinsic value (or reducing uncertainty about the causes of valuable outcomes). The resulting scheme resolves the exploration-exploitation dilemma: Epistemic value is maximized until there is no further information gain, after which exploitation is assured through maximization of extrinsic value. This is formally consistent with the Infomax principle, generalizing formulations of active vision based upon salience (Bayesian surprise) and optimal decisions based on expected utility and risk-sensitive (Kullback-Leibler) control. Furthermore, as with previous active inference formulations of discrete (Markovian) problems, ad hoc softmax parameters become the expected (Bayes-optimal) precision of beliefs about, or confidence in, policies. This article focuses on the basic theory, illustrating the ideas with simulations. A key aspect of these simulations is the similarity between precision updates and dopaminergic discharges observed in conditioning paradigms
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Adults with autism overestimate the volatility of the sensory environment
No full textInsistence on sameness and intolerance of change are among the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but little research has addressed how people with ASD represent and respond to environmental change. Here, behavioral and pupillometric measurements indicated that adults with ASD are less surprised than neurotypical adults when their expectations are violated, and decreased surprise is predictive of greater symptom severity. A hierarchical Bayesian model of learning suggested that in ASD, a tendency to overlearn about volatility in the face of environmental change drives a corresponding reduction in learning about probabilistically aberrant events, thus putatively rendering these events less surprising. Participant-specific modeled estimates of surprise about environmental conditions were linked to pupil size in the ASD group, thus suggesting heightened noradrenergic responsivity in line with compromised neural gain. This study offers insights into the behavioral, algorithmic and physiological mechanisms underlying responses to environmental volatility in ASD
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