249 research outputs found
Meeting the targets of a healthier future: vision for tobacco endgame
No full textEditorialMonika Aror, Amit Yadav, Manjusha Chatterjee, Abhinav Bassi, Ankur Singh, Radhika Shrivastav, Manu Raj Mathur, K. Srinath Redd
Addressing inequalities in oral health in India: need for skill mix in the dental workforce
No full textDentistry has always been an under‑resourced profession. There are three main issues that dentistry is facing in the modern era. Firstly, how to rectify the widely acknowledged geographical imbalance in the demand and supply of dental personnel, secondly, how to provide access to primary dental care to maximum number of people, and thirdly, how to achieve both of these aims within the financial restraints imposed by the central and state governments. The trends of oral diseases have changed significantly in the last 20 years. The two of the most common oral diseases that affect a majority of the population worldwide, namely dental caries and periodontitis, have been proved to be entirely preventable. Even for life‑threatening oral diseases like oral cancer, the best possible available treatment is prevention. There is a growing consensus that appropriate skill mix can prove very beneficial in providing these preventive dental care services to the public and aid in achieving the goal of universal oral health coverage. Professions complementary to dentistry (PCD) have been found to be effective in reducing inequalities in oral health, improving access and spreading the messages of health promotion across entire spectrum of socio‑economic hierarchy in various studies conducted globally. This commentary provides a review of the effectiveness of skill mix in dentistry and a reflection on how this can be beneficial in achieving universal oral health care in India.Manu Raj Mathur, Ankur Singh, Richard Wat
Socioeconomic gradients in different types of tobacco use in India: evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009-10
No full textSocioeconomic differences in tobacco use have been reported, but there is a lack of evidence on how they vary according to types of tobacco use. This study explored socioeconomic differences associated with cigarette, bidi, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and dual use (smoking and smokeless tobacco use) in India and tested whether these differences vary by gender and residential area. Secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2009-10 (69,296) was conducted. The primary outcomes were self-reported cigarette, bidi smoking, SLT, and dual use. The main explanatory variables were wealth, education, and occupation. Associations were assessed using multinomial logistic regressions. 69,030 adults participated in the study. Positive association was observed between wealth and prevalence of cigarette smoking while inverse associations were observed for bidi smoking, SLT, and dual use after adjustment for potential confounders. Inverse associations with education were observed for all four types after adjusting for confounders. Significant interactions were observed for gender and area in the association between cigarette, bidi, and smokeless tobacco use with wealth and education. The probability of cigarette smoking was higher for wealthier individuals while the probability of bidi smoking, smokeless tobacco use, and dual use was higher for those with lesser wealth and education.Ankur Singh, Monika Arora, Dallas R. English and Manu R. Mathu
Bird species richness and diversity at montane Important Bird Area (IBA) sites in south-eastern Nigeria
No full textThe mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are a western extension of the Cameroon mountain range, which is classified as an endemic bird area (EBA). Unlike its eastern extension in Cameroon, most of the ornithological surveys in the western extension of the Cameroon highlands in Nigeria have produced only limited checklists and inventories. There is a clear need for quantitative baseline data so that conservation problems can be identified. Twenty line transects covering a total transect length of 28.8 km were used to survey five sites (Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Oban and Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Sankwala Mountains and Mbe Mountains) in the westernmost extension of the Cameroon Mountains EBA in south western Nigeria. Vegetation measurements were taken to control for the potential confounding effect of variation in vegetation density and structure on detectability of birds between sites. The 193 bird species recorded in Afi, 158 in Sankwala, 124 in Oban, 100 in Mbe and 73 in Okwangwo Division included most of the Cameroon highlands restricted range species. The results show that the mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are important parts of the Cameroon EBA, particularly the Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. However these sites are threatened by fire and livestock grazing on the hilltops, shifting agriculture on the hillsides and lowlands, and logging for timber in some parts, as well as wildlife hunting for bush meat.Peer reviewe
New Data and Output Concepts for Understanding Productivity Trends
No full textThe present study is the second is a series of three papers devoted to issues in the measurement of productivity and productivity growth. The contributions of the present paper are three. First, it introduces a new approach to measuring industrial productivity based on income-side data that are published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The data are internally consistent in that both inputs and outputs are income-side measures of value added, whereas the usual productivity measures combine expenditure-side output measures with income-side input measures. Second, because of interest in the "new economy," we have also constructed a set of new- economy accounts. For the purpose of this study, we define the new economy as machinery, electric equipment, telephone and telegraph, and software. Finally, because of concerns about poor deflation in the current output measures, this study constructs a new output concept called "well-measured output," which includes only those sectors for which output is relatively well measured. We present a brief summary of the behavior of the alternative measures.Productivity, new economy, price measurement, well-measured output
Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) incubation data from the Manu NP, Peru: nest temperature and annotated camera trap images (Breeding Attempt 3)
No full textSite: 38km of the Manu River, within the research zone of the Cocha Cashu Biological Station (11°53'17.38"S 71°24'27.02"W, 350masl), Manu National Park, Peru
Year: 2015
During the study period, June to September 2015, two nesting attempts by black skimmers were disrupted by floods (9th July and 10th August). These floods inundated all the beaches in the study area and caused nest failure, but black skimmers made new nesting attempts after waters receded. Therefore data is divided into three breeding attempts (A1, A2, A3). The first flash flood took place during the egg-laying stage of the first attempt (A1) and incubation data was not collected. The study therefore focussed on A2 and A3. In this dataset, data is supplied for the third breeding attempt (A3).
Here we provide 1-min time-lapse images from eight nests, on five beaches, during incubation taken with camera traps 5m from nests. In the nest ID and folder names, N# refers to the nest number, B### refers to the beach number. B670 and B680 were initially labelled as different beaches in the beginning of the season, but when river waters receded further they merged into one continuous sandbank.
All annotated images are uploaded, with additional images which were not annotated. The annotation file is included. Annotation was done by the author while viewing images using XN View 2.34. Users are advised to match annotation by 'NestID' and 'DateTime' with images. Due to the file naming from the camera traps, 'FileName' is not unique.
R-script used to model incubation behaviour is included. It was run in RStudio 0.99.491- 2021.09.1 (©2009-2021 RStudio, Inc.), with R version 3.2.2 - 4.05 (R Development Core Team 2011-2021).
DS1921G Thermochron iButtons® with a recording frequency of 20 mins and an accuracy of ±1⁰C and resolution of 0.5⁰C (Maxim Integrated Products 2015) were placed in the bottom of nests, and for comparison on the beach surface. Due to the placing at the bottom of nest scrapes nest temperature should not be interpreted as incubation or egg temperature. Data from five nests and five respective beaches are included for breeding attempt A3. The R-script used to analyse this data and present it graphically is included
Scientometric analysis of synchronous references in the Physics Nobel lectures, 1981-1985 : a pilot study
No full textScientometric analysis of synchronous references in the nine Physics Nobel lectures by Nicolaas Bloembergen (1981), Arthur L. Schawlow (1981), Kai M. Siegbahn (1981), Kenneth G. Wilson (1982), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983), William A. Fowler (1983), Carlo Rubbia (1984), Simon van der Meer (1984), and Klaus von Klitzing (1985) indicated high variations: No. of Synchronous References ranged from 24 (Meer) to 283 (Siegbahn); Synchronous Self-References ranged from 5 (Rubbia) to 88 (Siegbahn); synchronous references to others ranged from 10 (Chandrasekhar) to 255 (Wilson); Synchronous Self-Reference Rates ranged from 6.66 % (Rubbia) to 65.51 % (Chandrasekhar); Single-Authored References ranged from 15 (Klitzing) to 160 (Wilson); Multi-Authored References ranged from 4 (Chandrasekhar) to 194 (Siegbahn); Collaboration Coefficient in the synchronous references ranged from 0.14 (Chandrasekhar) to 0.75 (Klitzing); and Recency (age of 50 % of the latest references) ranged from 2 (Klitzing) to 18 (Chandrasekhar) years. Seventy five per cent of the references belonged to journal articles. Highly referred journals were Astrophysical Journal, Physical Review B, Physical Review Letters, Arkiv Fuer Fysik, Surface Science, Physics Letters, and IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.
See: Scientometrics Vol. 61 No.1, pp.55-68
Grinding Aided Electrochemical Discharge Drilling (G-ECDD) of Borosilicate Glass and its Performance Evaluation
No full textAbstractRecent advancements made in the field of glass technology and advanced ceramics made researchers to think of developing hybrid machining techniques to process those materials efficiently and economically. Grinding aided electrochemical discharge drilling (G-ECDD) is a prominent one among such emerging techniques, which offer high degree of dimensional accuracy for producing holes in hard and brittle ceramics. In G-ECDD, a rotating diamond core drill acts as the tool which will be integrated with a normal electrochemical discharge machine setup. In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the effects of machining parameters like voltage, pulse-on time and electrolyte concentration on the material removal rate (MRR) of G-ECDD of borosilicate glass. A three level full factorial experimental design was adopted and the analysis of variance revealed that the significant factor that contributes to MRR is voltage, followed by pulse-on time and electrolyte concentration. Additional experiments have been conducted to identify the effect of duty ratio and frequency on MRR. The use of high frequency above 4kHz at high duty ratio above 0.6 was found to produce significant cracks on workpiece even though an increase in MRR was observed with an increase in duty ratio and frequency. Three regions (rapid tool wear, uniform tool wear and accelerated tool wear region) are identified on the graph plotted with tool wear and machining time from which the uniform tool wear region was identified as the safe machining zone to obtain consistent machining performance. The microscopic images of the machined surface revealed the material removal mechanisms of G-ECDD
After Chipko: from environment to region in Uttaranchal
No full textAlthough the Chipko movement is practically non-existent in its region of origin it remains one of the most frequently deployed examples of an environmental and/or a women's movement in the South. A small but growing number of commentators are now critiquing much neopopulist theorising on Chipko, and this paper provides an overview of these critiques. It then takes the debate further with reference to a more recent regional movement in the hills. By doing so, the author argues that it is possible to develop a more plausible account of gender, environment and the state in the Uttaranchal region, and illustrate common weaknesses in neopopulist understandings of Chipko and other social movements in the South
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