1,720,958 research outputs found
EU Democratisation of the Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach
Full text linkThis Article draws on the analysis of historical relations between the European Union and the Southern Mediterranean countries and highlights the main initiatives and consequences of the adopted practices of democratisation in the region following the Arab Uprisings. The main focus is on the continuity and limited changes in the new approach. One of the main findings is that the limited reform of the EU approach primarily resulted from the inherited political constraints. The net result was a set of structured security-orientated relationships that will continue to repeat earlier mistakes before 2011. The
mechanisms of democracy promotion including conditionality remained inherently full of contradictions. The double standards in applying the conditionality principle in addition to the lack of significant leverage rendered the EU democratisation approach of the Southern neighbours inapt. Despite the 2011 ENP review promise of a substantial change in the EU democratisation approach, it seems that the EU’s initial euphoria following the “Arab spring” has waned as it seems to repeat the same old approach of liberalisation and securitisation of the Southern Mediterranean region rather than democratisation
EU Democratisation of Tunisia Since the “Jasmin Revolution”: Between Continuity and Changes
No full textThis article attempts to further the understanding of the EU’s democratisation of Tunisia and to assess its effectiveness. Tunisia, uniquely, became the only viable democracy in the Arab world. Following the Jasmin revolution, the EU support in conjunction with the Tunisian willingness for reforms has created an environment where democracy could flourish. This article argues that the EU did not apply a democracy promotion but rather democracy support following the regime collapse in 2011.The EU’s (socialisation through civil society and more-for-more) were important mechanisms in supporting the Tunisian young democracy through the transition and consolidation phases. The EU approach, nevertheless, tends to be fluctuating between continuity and changes. Although security remained an important factor in the EU’s democracy support to Tunisia, the positive engagement with Islamic party Enahdha indicates a substantial shift in the security- democratisation relationship. However, in terms of continuity, the EU emphasis on further economic liberalisation may have a negative impact on this young democracy
EU AS A NORMATIVE POWER IN THE MED REGION: DEMOCRACY PROMOTION IN TUNISIA
Full text linkFollowing the “Arab Spring,” the EU’s approach in the Mediterranean region necessitated a reconsideration of the process, impact, and limits of the so-called normative power upon which its approach has been based. The EU aimed to create a ring of friends in the neighbourhood and pledged to promote democracy in the region as a way of tackling the root causes of illegal migration and terrorism. Democracy, then, was one of the main objectives, the EU as a normative power, intended to promote. This thesis will critically examine the effectiveness of the EU’s promotion of democracy in the Southern Mediterranean and Tunisia in particular as a case study.
The EU engaged in the democratisation of the Southern neighbourhood since the inception of the Barcelona process in 1995. However, this process has turned into “stability partnership”, where the EU has provided extensive financial and political support to the authoritarian regimes in exchange for stability, security, and economic opportunities. The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) failed in re-balancing the security and stability prioritisation to the detriment of democracy promotion, despite reforming its approach from multilateralism to bilateralism. The EU’s democracy promotion agenda remained a secondary objective rather than a priority.
The Arab uprisings revealed the limitations and contradictions of the democracy promotion policy. The multiplicity of the objectives and the security dilemma rendered the ENP unfit to achieve any substantial political reforms in the Southern Mediterranean. In search for more effectiveness, the EU responded by announcing a paradigm shift in its approach towards the Southern neighbours through the ENP review. An approach based on differentiation, sustainable and inclusive growth, further socialisation with a greater role for civil society and enhanced conditionality. What emerges is not just that the EU failed to reform its democratisation policy substantially, but despite its rhetoric, it has consistently prioritised its security and economic interests over the democracy promotion objective.
This thesis draws on the analysis of historical relations between the European Union and the Southern Mediterranean countries and highlights the main initiatives and consequences of the adopted practices of democratisation in the region following the Arab Uprisings. The main focus is on the continuity and limited changes in the new approach. One of the main findings is that the limited reform of the EU approach primarily resulted from the inherited political constraints. The net result was a set of structured security orientated relationships which will continue to repeat earlier mistakes before 2011. The mechanisms of democracy promotion, whether conditionality or socialisation remained inherently full of contradictions. The overall EU approach is still wanting due to lack of leverage, incoherence, double standards, too much priority awarded to economic liberalisation and security.
This thesis attempts to further the understanding of the democratisation evolution of Tunisia and to assess its effectiveness. Tunisia, uniquely, became the only viable democracy in the Arab world. Although the EU failed to achieve any substantial reforms in the past, following the Jasmin revolution, the EU support in conjunction with the Tunisian willingness for reforms has created an environment where democracy could flourish. The thesis argues that the EU did not apply a democracy promotion but rather democracy support following the regime collapse in 2011.The EU’s (socialization through civil society and more-for-more) were important mechanisms in supporting the Tunisian young democracy through the transition and consolidation phases. The EU approach, nevertheless, tends to be fluctuating between continuity and changes. Although security remained an important factor in the EU’s democracy support to Tunisia, the positive engagement with Islamic party Enahdha indicates a substantial shift in the security- democratization relationship. However, in terms of continuity, the EU emphasis on further economic liberalisation may have a negative impact on this young democracy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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