1,720,962 research outputs found
The Effects Of Postpartum Depression, Acculturative Stress, And Social Support On Mother-Infant Bonding Among U.s. Immigrant Women Of Arabic Descent
Full text linkPurpose and Background/Significance: The transition from “woman” to “mother” is a significant life event and can be extremely stressful when merged with the transition from ‘local’ to ‘immigrant’. The development of mother-infant bonding is considered a critical process in the postpartum period. Immigrant women have higher rates of PPD compared with women in their native countries. Among the general population, PPD is strongly associated with lower quality mother-infant bonding. Social support can play a central role in lowering the levels of PPD, and may contribute to higher quality of mother-infant bonding. Moreover, limited data suggests that acculturative stress is found to be related to an increased PPD among immigrant women. However, no published studies have examined the predictors of mother-infant bonding among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent. Additionally, no published research has examined the relationships of PPD, acculturative stress, social support and mother-infant bonding among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PPD, acculturative stress, and social support on mother-infant bonding among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent.
Theoretical/ conceptual framework: This study was guided by Roy’s Adaptation Model. The model concepts of RAM utilized in this study include the focal and contextual environmental stimuli, self-concept as an adaptive mode, and adaptation. In the present study, the main concepts were acculturative stress, social support, PPD, and mother-infant bonding. The focal stimulus is childbirth and the contextual stimuli is acculturative stress and social support. PPD is considered a self-concept adaptive mode. Finally, adaptation which is mother-infant bonding.
Method: This study utilized a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive design. A convenience sample of 95 postpartum U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent was enrolled in this study. Participants completed five instruments including: (1) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), (2) the Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Inventory (MASI), (3) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), (4) the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), and (5) a sociodemographic tool developed by the investigator. The data were analyzed using correlational and multiple linear regression analyses.
Results: Women ranged in age from 20-43 years with mean age = 30 years and were between 1-12 months postpartum with mean 5.5 months postpartum. The average length of stay in the U. S. ranged from one to 31 years (mean = 10.19 years, SD= 7.18). The participant’s mean age at the time of immigration to U.S was 19.6 years (SD= 9.18). The average woman completed a high school education (mean=12 years, SD=3.5). Eighty percent of the women preferred to be interviewed in Arabic, and (91%) had an annual family income of \u3c$40,000, and 90.5% were not employed.
Aim 1: There was a negative relationship among PPD and mother-infant bonding. PPD was significantly correlated with mother-infant bonding, that is higher levels of PPD symptoms related to poor mother-infant bonding (r=.55, p= .000). Social support was significantly related to mother-infant bonding (r= -.29, p= .005), and acculturative stress was significantly correlated with mother-infant bonding, with higher levels of acculturative stress being related to poor mother-infant bonding (r=.37, p= .000).
Aim 2: Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the effect of acculturative stress on the relationship between PPD and mother-infant bonding. A series of linear models were used to examine the relationship between (a) PPD and acculturative stress, (b) PPD and mother infant bonding, and (c) acculturative stress and PPD on mother-infant bonding. PPD was significantly associated with acculturative stress (β= .32, t= 3.27, p= .002), and significantly associated with mother-infant bonding (β= .55, t= 6.28, p= .000). When examining the relationships among acculturative stress, PPD, and mother-infant bonding, both PPD (β= 45, t= 5.33, p= .000), and acculturative stress were statistically significant (β= .22, t= -2.41, p= .018). Therefore, acculturative stress mediates PPD and mother-infant bonding.
Aim 3: Multiple regression equation was conducted to test the interaction between social support, PPD and mother-infant bonding. PPD, social support, and the interaction between PPD and social support were not statistically significant. Therefore, social support did not moderate PPD and mother-infant bonding
Conclusions: PPD, acculturative stress, and social support were associated with mother-infant bonding among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent. Social support did not moderate the association between PPD and mother-infant bonding, while acculturative stress mediated the association between PPD and mother-infant bonding. Future studies with larger samples in different settings are needed to provide validity to the results of this study and to provide a better understanding of the factors that might impact mother-infant bonding among immigrant women of Arab descent. Longitudinal studies and using observational methods are recommended to be used in assessing the mother-infant bonding because they provide objective details of the relationship, as well as, using a diagnostic assessment for measuring PPD. Nurses and other health care providers should be aware of life stressors including acculturative stress that may influence the mother-infant bonding among U.S. immigrant women of Arabic descent. Therefore, is screening those women prenatally for acculturative stress, depression, and bonding are neede
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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