1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Measurement of photosynthetic linear and cyclic electron flows, CO2 capture in green microalgae
No full textLa photosynthèse est le point d’entrée majeur de l’énergie et du carbone dans les environnements naturels et les systèmes agricoles. La capture de l’énergie lumineuse et la fixation du CO2 atmosphérique en biomasse sont fonctionnellement liées par le transport photosynthétique d’électrons. Pour optimiser l’efficacité photosynthétique dans un large spectre de nichesécologiques, et dans des milieux en constante évolution, les organismes phototrophes détournent une partie de l’énergie récoltée du flux ‘linéaire’ principal vers diverses voies de transfert ‘alternatives’. Leur relatives contributions à l’activité totale de transport d’électrons permettent d’équilibrer constamment la production d’intermédiaire énergétiques aux exigences des processus métaboliques phototrophes. Une étude de cas des interactions fonctionnelles entre le transport photosynthétique d’électrons et l’énergisation du mécanisme de concentration du CO2 (CCM) de Chlamydomonas est d’abordprésentée dans une revue bibliographique. Par ailleurs, au cours de ce projet de thèse, nous avons développé de nouvelles méthodes pour l'évaluation non invasive des voies de transfert des électrons par des sondes spectrophotométriques. En étudiant les dynamiques du signal de shift électrochromique (ECS), qui rend compte du potentiel électrochimique des membranes photosynthétiques, nous obtenons tout d'abord une quantification de la vitesse du flux total d'électrons. Nous montrons que si le flux d'électrons initial à la transition obscurité-lumière ne dépend que de l'intensité lumineuse, le flux en régime permanent sature à une valeur maximale après quelques secondes de lumière. En étudiant les facteurs d'efficacité dutransfert d'électrons, nous démontrons que le vitesse de flux total d'électrons à l'induction de la photosynthèse est inférieur à celui prédit par la fermeture des centres photochimiques: on observe une disparité entre la quantité de photosystèmes actifs et le flux effectif d'électrons. Après modélisation théorique, nous concluons à la description d'un nouveau mécanisme de désexcitation transitoire de l'énergie lumineuse ; des éléments préliminaires sur sa nature et sa régulation (photosystème cible, et liens avec le ∆pH) sont présentés. Dans un troisième volet, la vitesse du flux total d'électrons est comparé au flux d'électrons linéaire soutenu par le seule PSII, déterminé sur la base des dynamiques du signal de fluorescence de chlorophylle. Puisque qu’elles sont normalisées sur une unité standard commune (e-.PS-1.s-1), la comparaison des 2 sondes de photosynthèse permet pour la première fois de quantifier le flux d'électrons cyclique autour du PSI, dans un système photosynthétique sans inhibiteurs, et en régime de photosynthèse permanent.Photosynthesis is the main entry point for energy and carbon in natural environments and agronomic systems. The harvesting of light energy and the assimilation of atmospheric CO2 into biomass are functionally linked by the process of photosynthetic electron transport. To optimize photosynthetic efficiency in a wide range of ecological niches and despite ever-changing medium conditions, phototrophic organisms divert part of the harvested energy from the major ‘linear’ electron flow to a variety of ‘alternative’ transfer pathways. Their differential contributions to the total electron transport activity constantly balance the photosynthetic energy output to the requirements of phototrophic metabolic processes. The case study of the functional interplays between photosynthetic electron transport and the powering of the CO2-concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas are first presented in an extensive literature review. Additionally, throughout this project, we developed new methods for the non-invasive assessment of electron transfer pathways through spectrophotometric probes. By the study of the dynamics of the electrochromic shift (ECS) signal, reporting for the electrochemical potential across the photosynthetic membranes, we firstly derive a quantification of the rate of total electron flow. We show that the initial electron flow at dark-light transition only depends on light intensity, but the steady-state flow saturates to a maximal value after a few seconds of light. We demonstrate that the rate of total electron flow at photosynthesis induction is lower than predicted by the closure of photochemical centers: a discrepancy between the amount of active photosystems and the electron flow sustained is observed. From theoretical modelling, we conclude at the evidence of a novel mechanism for the transient deexcitation of light energy; preliminary elements on its nature and regulation (photosystem targeted, and links with ∆pH) are presented. In a third effort, the rate of total electron flow is compared with the linear electron flow sustained by the sole PSII, as determined from the dynamics of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal. Owing to their calibration to a standard, common electron flow unit (e- .PS-1 .s-1 ), the comparison between the two probes allows for the first time the quantification of the ‘elusive’ cyclic electron flow around PSI, in a non-inhibited photosynthetic machinery at steady-state photosynthesis
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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