267 research outputs found
Memoiren. [Fragment] /
No full textAltmann tells the story of the Jewish community in Nikolsburg starting in 1370. He focuses specifically on the history of the Altmann family, especially Siegfried Altmann's grandparents. The second part of the manuscript deals with stories of Rabbi Mordechai Benet (1753-1829) as told to the author by his grand-aunt.See also archival collection.Altmann was born in Nikolsburg (Maehren) in 1887 and died in 1963 in New York. He was the director of the Institute for the Blind "Hohe Warte" in Vienna.see archival collection AR 1788Benet, MordechaiWalter, BrunoNikolsburg (Moravia)digitize
Fashion Culture: Fashion Metropolis Berlin
No full textBerlin was a fashion capital in the 1920s, with hundreds of thriving clothing manufacturers, most of them Jewish, before it was decimated by the Nazis. Author Uwe Westphal shares this history in a discussion with FIT historian Keren Ben-Horin and journalist Jennifer Altmann, whose grandfather ran one of Berlin’s fashion houses.Organized in partnership with the Museum at Eldridge Street
Economics in Persian-period biblical texts : their interactions with economic developments in the Persian period and earlier biblical traditions
No full textLarge-scale economic change such as the rise of coinage occurred during the Persian-dominated centuries (6th –4th centuries BCE) in the Eastern Mediterranean and ancient Near East. How do the biblical texts of the time respond to such developments?
In this study, Peter Altmann lays out foundational economic conceptions from the ancient Near East and earlier biblical traditions in order to show how Persian-period biblical texts build on these traditions to address the challenges of their day. Economic issues are central to the way that Ezra and Nehemiah approach the topics of temple building and of Judean self-understanding. Economic terminology and considerations also appear in Second Isaiah and the “Holiness Code.” Following significant interaction with the material culture and extra-biblical texts, the author devotes special attention to the ascendancy of economics and its theological and identity implications as structuring metaphors for divine action and human community in the Persian period.
Clos
Rituximab plus high-dose chemotherapy (MegaCHOEP) or conventional chemotherapy (CHOEP-14) in young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: 10-year follow-up of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
No full textReinhard Köhler's Scientific Production: Words, Numbers and Pictures, di Arjuna Tuzzi
No full textThis study draws upon statistical analysis techniques of textual data to examine a corpus composed of 22 research articles published between 1997 and 2010 by Reinhard Köhler as a single author or in collaboration with other scholars. The aim of this article is to draw a representation of the main areas of interest of his research. After having drawn an overall representation of the corpus, Köhler’s latest work – an unpublished volume on Quantitative Syntax Analysis – was analysed to understand its role within the context of his research
Conventional Immunochemotherapy (R-CHOEP) Vs High-Dose Immunochemotherapy (R-MegaCHOEP) in Younger Patients with High-Risk Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma: 10-Year Long-Term Follow-up of a German Lymphoma Alliance (GLA) Study
No full textIntroduction: The R-MegaCHOEP trial showed that dose-escalation of conventional chemotherapy necessitating autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) does not confer a survival benefit for younger patients (pts) with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma in the Rituximab era (Schmitz et al., Lancet Oncology 2012; 13, 1250-1259). To describe efficacy and toxicity over time and document the long-term risks of relapse and secondary malignancy we present the 10-year follow-up of this study. Methods: In the randomized, prospective phase 3 trial R-MegaCHOEP younger pts aged 18-60 years with newly diagnosed, high-risk (aaIPI 2-3) aggressive B-cell lymphoma were assigned to 8 cycles of CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubcine, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone) or 4 cycles of dose-escalated high-dose therapy (HDT) necessitating repetitive ASCT both combined with Rituximab. Both arms were stratified according to aaIPI, bulky disease, and center. Primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). All analyses were calculated for the intention-to-treat population. This follow-up report includes molecular data based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC (IHC: 31/92 positive [40-100%], FISH: 14/103 positive), BCL2 (IHC: 65/89 positive [50-100%], FISH: 23/111 positive) and BCL6 (IHC: 52/86 positive [30-100%], FISH: 34/110 positive) and data on cell of origin (COO) classification according to the Lymph2CX assay (GCB: 53/88; ABC: 24/88; unclassified: 11/88). Results: 130 pts had been assigned to R-CHOEP and 132 to R-MegaCHOEP. DLBCL was the most common lymphoma subtype (~80%). 73% of pts scored an aaIPI of 2 and 27% an aaIPI of 3. 60% of pts had an initial lymphoma bulk and in 40% more than 1 extranodal site was involved. After a median observation time of 111 months, EFS at 10 years was 57% (95% CI 47-67%) in the R-CHOEP vs. 51% in the R-MegaCHOEP arm (42-61%) (hazard ratio 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.8, p=0.228), overall survival (OS) after 10 years was 72% (63-81%) vs. 66% (57-76%) respectively (p=0.249). With regard to molecular characterization, we were unable to detect a significant benefit for HDT/ASCT in any subgroup analyzed. In total, 16% of pts (30 pts) relapsed after having achieved a complete remission (CR). 23% of all relapses (7 pts) showed an indolent histology (follicular lymphoma grade 1-3a) and 6 of these pts survived long-term. In contrast, of 23 pts (77%) relapsing with aggressive DLBCL or unknown histology 18 pts died due to lymphoma or related therapy. The majority of relapses occurred during the first 3 years after randomization (median time: 22 months) while after 5 years we detected relapses only in 5 pts (3% of all 190 pts prior CR). 11% of pts were initially progressive (28 pts) among whom 71% (20 pts) died rapidly due to lymphoma. Interestingly, the remaining 29% (8 pts) showed a long-term survival after salvage therapy (+/- ASCT); only 1 pt received allogeneic transplantation. The frequency of secondary malignancies was very similar in both treatment arms (9% vs. 8%) despite the very high dose of etoposide (total 4g/m2)in the R-MegaCHOEP arm. We observed 2 cases of AML and 1 case of MDS per arm. In total 70 pts (28%) have died: 30 pts due to lymphoma (12%), 22 pts therapy-related (11 pts due to salvage therapy) (9%), 8 pts of secondary neoplasia (3%), 5 pts due to concomitant disease (2%) and 5 pts for unknown reasons. Conclusions: This 10-year long-term follow-up of the R-MegaCHOEP trial confirms the very encouraging outcome of young high-risk pts following conventional chemotherapy with R-CHOEP. High-dose therapy did not improve outcome in any subgroup analysis including molecular high-risk groups. Relapse rate was generally low. Pts with aggressive relapse showed a very poor long-term outcome while pts with indolent histology at relapse survived long-term. Secondary malignancies occurred; however, they were rare with no excess leukemias/MDS following treatment with very high doses of etoposide and other cytotoxic agents. Supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe. Figure Disclosures Nickelsen: Roche Pharma AG: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Grants; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Grant; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hänel:Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Other: advisory board; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Other: advisory board; Roche: Honoraria. Truemper:Nordic Nanovector: Consultancy; Roche: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Janssen Oncology: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding. Held:Roche: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Acrotech: Research Funding; MSD: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Other: Travel support, Research Funding. Dreyling:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: scientific advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Other: scientific advisory board, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Other: scientific advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Mundipharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Other: scientific advisory board, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Other: scientific advisory board; Sandoz: Other: scientific advisory board; Janssen: Consultancy, Other: scientific advisory board, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Acerta: Other: scientific advisory board. Viardot:Kite/Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Honoraria; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rosenwald:MorphoSys: Consultancy. Lenz:Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Employment, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy. Schmitz:Novartis: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; Celgene: Equity Ownership; Riemser: Consultancy, Honoraria
Detection, investigation and control of emerging diseases. Experiences in Global Health
No full textContexte : l'émergence de maladies infectieuses est la conséquence de déséquilibres dynamiques, au sein d'écosystèmes complexes distribués à une échelle géographique donnée comprenant des humains, des animaux, des agents pathogènes et l’environnement. La mondialisation croissante des échanges implique une augmentation des flux internationaux de voyageurs et de marchandises qui peut favoriser la propagation des maladies infectieuses. Dorénavant, une crise sanitaire dans une région ou un pays peut avoir des répercussions très rapides sur la santé et l’économie dans de nombreuses parties du monde. Détecter les émergences, les comprendre par des investigations de terrain sont des étapes indispensables pour mieux contrôler les futures épidémies et pandémies. Expériences : au cours de mon parcours professionnel, mon travail personnel m’a permis d’aborder ces trois dimensions au travers de trois études qui ont donné lieu à publication dans des revues internationales à comité de lecture. Etude 1) Au cours d’une épidémie nationale d’Escherichia Coli O104 :H4 en 2011, j’ai exploré la rapidité du système de surveillance allemand en matière de détection, et recommandé une révision du système de surveillance en organisant la notification par les médecins et chefs de laboratoires dans une base de données centralisée et partagée avec différents droits d'accès par les services de santé aux niveau local, régional et national. Etude 2) Au décours de la pandémie grippale en 2009, j’ai investigué et comparé les caractéristiques des cas sévères pédiatriques en Allemagne durant deux saisons. La gravité inchangée de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 au cours de la première saison post pandémique (2010-11) et la proportion élevée et constante d'infections possiblement acquises à l'hôpital ont souligné le défi de prévenir les cas pédiatriques au-delà de la situation pandémique. Etude 3) Lors de l’épidémie du virus Ebola (MVE) en 2014, j’ai évalué les performances du contact tracing au Libéria en tant que mesure de contrôle spécifique. Malgré l'ampleur sans précédent du contact tracing pour la MVE au Libéria, sa capacité à détecter de nouveaux cas était limitée, en particulier dans les zones urbaines et pendant le pic épidémique. Discussion : la pandémie de Covid-19 a révélé des faiblesses des systèmes de surveillance dans presque tous les pays. Les leçons apprises au cours des épidémies et pandémies précédentes telles que celles auxquelles j’avais été exposé professionnellement et que je rapporte ici ont été insuffisamment prise en considération. En Afrique, les estimations de l’incidence et de la mortalité sont respectivement 100 fois et 15 fois plus élevées que les notifications. Parmi les explications à ces différences très importantes, on doit citer la faiblesse des systèmes de surveillance, du suivi des contacts, de l’utilisation des tests de dépistage et de diagnostic et le manque d’accès aux soins. L’amélioration des systèmes de surveillance des maladies émergentes nécessite : 1) d’accélérer la digitalisation et la mise en réseau des systèmes d’information sanitaire à tous les niveaux, des centres de santé et laboratoires périphériques jusqu’à l’échelon international ; 2) la captation, l’utilisation effective et la mise en relation d’autres sources de données (communautaires, enregistrements des décès, données animales et environnementales) et l’utilisation régulée d’internet et des réseaux sociaux ; 3) de renforcer les compétences et l’expertise des épidémiologistes de terrain et leur mise en réseau ; 4) d’investir dans la recherche au cours et entre les épidémies ; et 5) que les bailleurs de fonds et les gouvernements reconnaissent le caractère inévitable des prochaines épidémies de maladies infectieuses ou autres, aux conséquences graves, notre vulnérabilité à celles-ci et la nécessité d’investir en santé mondiale.Context: the emergence of infectious diseases is the consequence of dynamic imbalances, within complex ecosystems distributed at a given geographical scale including humans, animals, pathogens and the environment. The increasing globalization of trade implies an increase in international flows of travelers and goods which can promote the spread of infectious diseases. From now on, a health crisis in one region or country can have very rapid repercussions on health and the economy in many parts of the world. Detecting emergences and understanding them through field investigations are essential steps to better control future epidemics and pandemics. Experience: during my professional career, my own work has allowed me to address these three dimensions through three studies that have resulted in publications in international peer-reviewed journals. Study 1) During a nationwide outbreak of Escherichia Coli O104:H4 in 2011, I explored the timeliness of the German surveillance system for detection, and recommended a review of the surveillance system by organizing reporting by doctors and heads of laboratories in a centralized and shared database with different access rights by health services at local, regional and national level. Study 2) Following the influenza pandemic in 2009, I investigated and compared the characteristics of severe pediatric cases in Germany during two epidemic seasons. The unchanged severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first post-pandemic season (2010-11) and the consistently high proportion of possibly hospital-acquired infections highlighted the challenge of preventing pediatric cases beyond the pandemic situation. Study 3) During the Ebola virus (EVD) outbreak in 2014, I evaluated the performance of contact tracing in Liberia as a specific control measure. Despite the unprecedented scale of contact tracing for EVD in Liberia, its ability to detect new cases was limited, especially in urban areas and during the epidemic peak. Discussion: the Covid-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in surveillance systems in almost all countries. Lessons learned during previous epidemics and pandemics such as those to which I had been exposed professionally and which I report here have been insufficiently considered. In Africa, estimates of incidence and mortality are respectively 100 times and 15 times higher than official reports. Explanations for these very large differences include weak surveillance systems, insufficient use of contact tracing, screening and diagnostic tests, and lack of access to care. Improving surveillance systems for emerging diseases requires: 1) accelerating the digitization and networking of health information systems at all levels, from health centers and peripheral laboratories to the international level; 2) the capture, effective use and linking of other data sources (communitybased, death registries, animal and environmental data) and the regulated use of the internet and social networks; 3) to strengthen the skills and expertise of field epidemiologists and their networking; 4) to invest in research during and between epidemics; and 5) that donors and governments recognize the inevitability of future epidemics of infectious and other disease conditions with serious consequences, our vulnerability to them and the need to invest in global health
Timeliness of Surveillance during Outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Germany, 2011
No full textDétection, investigation et contrôle des maladies émergentes. Expériences en santé mondiale
No full textContext: the emergence of infectious diseases is the consequence of dynamic imbalances, within complex ecosystems distributed at a given geographical scale including humans, animals, pathogens and the environment. The increasing globalization of trade implies an increase in international flows of travelers and goods which can promote the spread of infectious diseases. From now on, a health crisis in one region or country can have very rapid repercussions on health and the economy in many parts of the world. Detecting emergences and understanding them through field investigations are essential steps to better control future epidemics and pandemics. Experience: during my professional career, my own work has allowed me to address these three dimensions through three studies that have resulted in publications in international peer-reviewed journals. Study 1) During a nationwide outbreak of Escherichia Coli O104:H4 in 2011, I explored the timeliness of the German surveillance system for detection, and recommended a review of the surveillance system by organizing reporting by doctors and heads of laboratories in a centralized and shared database with different access rights by health services at local, regional and national level. Study 2) Following the influenza pandemic in 2009, I investigated and compared the characteristics of severe pediatric cases in Germany during two epidemic seasons. The unchanged severity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during the first post-pandemic season (2010-11) and the consistently high proportion of possibly hospital-acquired infections highlighted the challenge of preventing pediatric cases beyond the pandemic situation. Study 3) During the Ebola virus (EVD) outbreak in 2014, I evaluated the performance of contact tracing in Liberia as a specific control measure. Despite the unprecedented scale of contact tracing for EVD in Liberia, its ability to detect new cases was limited, especially in urban areas and during the epidemic peak. Discussion: the Covid-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in surveillance systems in almost all countries. Lessons learned during previous epidemics and pandemics such as those to which I had been exposed professionally and which I report here have been insufficiently considered. In Africa, estimates of incidence and mortality are respectively 100 times and 15 times higher than official reports. Explanations for these very large differences include weak surveillance systems, insufficient use of contact tracing, screening and diagnostic tests, and lack of access to care. Improving surveillance systems for emerging diseases requires: 1) accelerating the digitization and networking of health information systems at all levels, from health centers and peripheral laboratories to the international level; 2) the capture, effective use and linking of other data sources (communitybased, death registries, animal and environmental data) and the regulated use of the internet and social networks; 3) to strengthen the skills and expertise of field epidemiologists and their networking; 4) to invest in research during and between epidemics; and 5) that donors and governments recognize the inevitability of future epidemics of infectious and other disease conditions with serious consequences, our vulnerability to them and the need to invest in global health.Contexte : l'émergence de maladies infectieuses est la conséquence de déséquilibres dynamiques, au sein d'écosystèmes complexes distribués à une échelle géographique donnée comprenant des humains, des animaux, des agents pathogènes et l’environnement. La mondialisation croissante des échanges implique une augmentation des flux internationaux de voyageurs et de marchandises qui peut favoriser la propagation des maladies infectieuses. Dorénavant, une crise sanitaire dans une région ou un pays peut avoir des répercussions très rapides sur la santé et l’économie dans de nombreuses parties du monde. Détecter les émergences, les comprendre par des investigations de terrain sont des étapes indispensables pour mieux contrôler les futures épidémies et pandémies. Expériences : au cours de mon parcours professionnel, mon travail personnel m’a permis d’aborder ces trois dimensions au travers de trois études qui ont donné lieu à publication dans des revues internationales à comité de lecture. Etude 1) Au cours d’une épidémie nationale d’Escherichia Coli O104 :H4 en 2011, j’ai exploré la rapidité du système de surveillance allemand en matière de détection, et recommandé une révision du système de surveillance en organisant la notification par les médecins et chefs de laboratoires dans une base de données centralisée et partagée avec différents droits d'accès par les services de santé aux niveau local, régional et national. Etude 2) Au décours de la pandémie grippale en 2009, j’ai investigué et comparé les caractéristiques des cas sévères pédiatriques en Allemagne durant deux saisons. La gravité inchangée de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 au cours de la première saison post pandémique (2010-11) et la proportion élevée et constante d'infections possiblement acquises à l'hôpital ont souligné le défi de prévenir les cas pédiatriques au-delà de la situation pandémique. Etude 3) Lors de l’épidémie du virus Ebola (MVE) en 2014, j’ai évalué les performances du contact tracing au Libéria en tant que mesure de contrôle spécifique. Malgré l'ampleur sans précédent du contact tracing pour la MVE au Libéria, sa capacité à détecter de nouveaux cas était limitée, en particulier dans les zones urbaines et pendant le pic épidémique. Discussion : la pandémie de Covid-19 a révélé des faiblesses des systèmes de surveillance dans presque tous les pays. Les leçons apprises au cours des épidémies et pandémies précédentes telles que celles auxquelles j’avais été exposé professionnellement et que je rapporte ici ont été insuffisamment prise en considération. En Afrique, les estimations de l’incidence et de la mortalité sont respectivement 100 fois et 15 fois plus élevées que les notifications. Parmi les explications à ces différences très importantes, on doit citer la faiblesse des systèmes de surveillance, du suivi des contacts, de l’utilisation des tests de dépistage et de diagnostic et le manque d’accès aux soins. L’amélioration des systèmes de surveillance des maladies émergentes nécessite : 1) d’accélérer la digitalisation et la mise en réseau des systèmes d’information sanitaire à tous les niveaux, des centres de santé et laboratoires périphériques jusqu’à l’échelon international ; 2) la captation, l’utilisation effective et la mise en relation d’autres sources de données (communautaires, enregistrements des décès, données animales et environnementales) et l’utilisation régulée d’internet et des réseaux sociaux ; 3) de renforcer les compétences et l’expertise des épidémiologistes de terrain et leur mise en réseau ; 4) d’investir dans la recherche au cours et entre les épidémies ; et 5) que les bailleurs de fonds et les gouvernements reconnaissent le caractère inévitable des prochaines épidémies de maladies infectieuses ou autres, aux conséquences graves, notre vulnérabilité à celles-ci et la nécessité d’investir en santé mondiale
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