121 research outputs found
Internetalisation : the Internet's influence on international market growth in the firm's outward internationalisation process
No full textIt has been suggested that the Internet is the most significant driver of international trade in recent years to the extent that the term =internetalisation‘ has been coined (Bell, Deans, Ibbotson & Sinkovics, 2001; Buttriss & Wilkinson, 2003). This term is used to describe the Internet‘s affect on the internationalisation process of the firm. Consequently, researchers have argued that the internationalisation process of the firm has altered due to the Internet, hence is in need of further investigation. However, as there is limited research and understanding, ambiguity remains in how the Internet has influenced international market growth. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore how the Internet influences firms‘ internationalisation process, specifically, international market growth. To this end, Internet marketing and international market growth theories are used to illuminate this ambiguity in the body of knowledge. Thus, the research problem =How and why does the Internet influence international market growth of the firm’ is justified for investigation. To explore the research question a two-stage approach is used. Firstly, twelve case studies were used to evaluate key concepts, generate hypotheses and to develop a model of Internetalisation for testing. The participants held key positions within their firm, so that rich data could be drawn from international market growth decision makers. Secondly, a quantitative confirmation process analysed the identified themes or constructs, using two hundred and twenty four valid responses. Constructs were evaluated through an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling process. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model of =internetalisation‘ to examine the interrelationships between the internationalisation process components: information availability, information usage, interaction communication, international mindset, business relationship usage, psychic distance, the Internet intensity of the firm and international market growth. This study found that the Internet intensity of the firm mediates information availability, information usage, international mindset, and business relationships when firms grow in international markets. Therefore, these results provide empirical evidence that the Internet has a positive influence on international information, knowledge, entrepreneurship and networks and these in turn influence international market growth. The theoretical contributions are three fold. Firstly, the study identifies a holistic model of the impact the Internet has had on the outward internationalisation of the firm. This contribution extends the body of knowledge pertaining to Internet international marketing by mapping and confirming interrelationships between the Internet, internationalisation and growth concepts. Secondly, the study highlights the broad scope and accelerated rate of international market growth of firms. Evidence that the Internet influences the traditional and virtual networks for the pursuit of international market growth extends the current understanding. Thirdly, this study confirms that international information, knowledge, entrepreneurship and network concepts are valid in a single model. Thus, these three contributions identify constructs, measure constructs in a multi-item capacity, map interrelationships and confirm single holistic model of ‗internetalisation‘. The main practical contribution is that the findings identified information, knowledge and entrepreneurial opportunities for firms wishing to maximise international market growth. To capitalise on these opportunities suggestions are offered to assist firms to develop greater Internet intensity and internationalisation capabilities. From a policy perspective, educational institutions and government bodies need to promote more applied programs for Internet international marketing. The study provides future researchers with a platform of identified constructs and interrelationships related to internetalisation, with which to investigate. However, a single study has limitations of generalisability; thus, future research should replicate this study. Such replication or cross validation will assist in the verification of scales used in this research and enhance the validity of causal predications. Furthermore, this study was undertaken in the Australian outward-bound context. Research in other nations, as well as research into inbound internationalisation would be fruitful
Iowa's Notable Dead …
No full textObituaries for notable Iowans including former Iowa state senator William Shane Beardsley, author Carl Stephenson and author Samuel Adams Lynch
Iowa's Notable Dead …
No full textObituaries for notable Iowans including former Iowa state senator William Shane Beardsley, author Carl Stephenson and author Samuel Adams Lynch
Iowa\u27s Notable Dead …
No full textObituaries for notable Iowans including former Iowa state senator William Shane Beardsley, author Carl Stephenson and author Samuel Adams Lynch
Revolution and international criminal law: The extraordinary chambers in the courts of Cambodia
No full textThis doctoral thesis examines whether and how a context of revolution impacts the application of international criminal law through a case study of the revolutionary context during the Democratic Kampuchea era in Cambodia, specifically through the jurisprudence generated at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (the ECCC). This study contributes to the understanding of the seemingly unavoidable violence for certain political causes and the subsequent criminal responsibility mechanisms that may flow given the development of international criminal justice. The author argues that the jurisprudence of the ECCC shows that a revolutionary context may influence the application of international criminal law primarily through the elements of crimes against humanity and genocide and the joint criminal enterprise mode of liability doctrine. A significant part of this thesis has sought to analyse and demonstrate how the ECCC has addressed the revolutionary context of a complex situation and the subsequent limits and contradictions of its approach. Although the ECCC has dismissed the consideration of the revolutionary context in defences and sentencing, this study argues that this dismissal could be interpreted as showing bias of a pre-determined assumption of guilt and being mostly driven by the tribunal’s goal of punishing the accused. Broad interpretations of international criminal law adopted by the ECCC are not without flaws, especially given that it is a retroactive justice mechanism.2024-05-1
Riches, Poverty, and the Faithful: Perspectives on Wealth in the Second Temple Period and the Apocalypse of John
No full textThe present study considers the degree to which John’s portrayal of the faithful Christian community in the Apocalypse is informed by Jewish apocalyptic traditions related to wealth in the Second Temple period. Previous studies have attributed the author’s radical stance against wealth and economic participation to an ad hoc response against the idolatry and social injustices of the Roman Empire and imperial cults. This thesis argues that there is reasonable evidence to suggest that the author may have already been predisposed to reject affluence as a feature of the present age for the ideal faithful community based on received tradition.
The study begins by delineating the problem in a critical review of how scholars have attempted to deal with this language through either the social world of Roman Asia Minor or the author’s use of the biblical prophets. This discussion demonstrates the need to take a tradition-historical approach that includes an examination of Jewish apocalyptic traditions preserved among the Dead Sea Scrolls as well as other Jewish literature not found at Qumran that demonstrate a decided concern over wealth. These Second Temple texts are then examined collectively against the language of wealth and poverty in selected passages of the Apocalypse. The evidence reveals an emphasis on the part of John on the irreversible, eschatological consequences of ethical behaviour directly related to wealth based on a certain cosmological and theological understanding, an emphasis that has close analogies in some Second Temple literature.
The study concludes that traditions preserved in the Epistle of Enoch and later Enochic texts have played a formative role in shaping the author’s theological perspective concerning material blessing for the faithful in the present age and the world through which he legitimised the radical stance he imposed on his readers/hearers
Characterization of pi-donor chiral stationary phases through a thermodynamic study of analyte adsorption
No full text"Liquid chromatography on several -donor chiral stationary phases (CSP's) at different temperatures allows determination of the values of H and S of adsorption. A homologous series of N,N\sp\prime-di(2,4-dinitrophenyl),-diaminoalkanes (di DNP amines) was investigated on several -donor CSP's with a maximum H occurring for the homolog having five methylene groups. Analytes, such as the di DNP amines, are called di-analytes since they are functionalized in such a way as to interact with two adjacent strands of bonded phase simultaneously. The di DNP amine having five methylene groups corresponds most closely in dimensions to the most probable interstrand spacing of the bonded phase. Since the maximum in H occurs for the di DNP amine having five methylene groups regardless of the extent of surface coverage, the strands of bonded phases are likely inhomogeneously spaced forming ""patches"" on the surface. ""Patches"" of bonded phase, the sizes of which change with surface coverage, are found to influence H and S by influencing the extent of solvation of the bonded phase. Another homologous series of ,-di(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)alkanes (di DNP ethers) was investigated on the same CSP's as the di DNP amines. The di DNP ethers are better probes of most probable interstrand spacing because they have fewer possible ways in which to interact with the stationary phase. Changes in the ""observed"" most probable strand spacing were found to be dependent upon surface coverages to some extent. These results are consistent with the ""patch"" model since changes in the most probable interstrand distance are much smaller than would be expected if the strands were uniformly spaced on the surface. Additionally, thermodynamic studies were carried out on a homologous series of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)1-phenylalkylamines using various -donor CSP's. Results suggest competing chiral recognition mechanisms, one of which involves intercalation of the alkyl group between neighboring strands. Lastly, a study of end-capping reagents was carried out in an attempt to understand the effect end-capping has upon the performance of chiral stationary phases."Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Layers of Permanence: Toward a Spatial-Materialist Reading of Ivan Vladislavić’s The Exploded View
No full textCritics of Vladislavić\u27s early fiction have tended toward dehistoricized textual readings focusing on the author\u27s clear preoccupation with words and word games. Such readings have often ignored or downplayed Vladislavić\u27s equally clear interest in the material processes and socio-physical spaces that shape and enable life in the city. This essay develops a spatial-materialist interpretation of his most recent novel The exploded view, reading word games and puzzles as part of a larger attempt to map the labyrinthine geographies of the post-apartheid city. Vladislavić forges a mode of representation that can register the continual inscription and effacement of social relations onto the physical urban landscape. This narrative strategy, similar to what William Kentridge calls an aesthetic of “imperfect erasure”, operates in tandem with the trope of the “exploded view” to dissect contemporary Johannesburg and lay bare the social and economic processes that create and intersect it
The Evolution of the Politics of Genocide: Why American Efforts to Prevent and Intervene in the Sudan Failed
No full textDISS_para\u3eThis thesis aims to examine and critique the United States\u27 historical response to genocide. Beginning with the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crimes of Genocide in 1948, the author will highlight the lives of Raphael Lemkin and Senator William Proxmire in their personal crusades for U.S. ratification of the genocide ban. Culminating in a case study of the genocide in Sudan, the U.S. foreign policy towards genocide will be evaluated and charted through its evolution since 1948, through to ratification, and then at its applications in Cambodia, Iraq, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Sudan. The self-proclaimed defender of human rights and peace loving, democratic institutions, the United States has historically fumbled the potential for positive, influential peace making roles on the international humanitarian stage. Examined against the backdrop of the geopolitics that defined, influenced, and ultimately dictated the foreign policy decisions, the author will examine the lessons that have been learned, missed, or ignored through the United States\u27 history of genocide prevention and intervention since 1948
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