5 research outputs found
Quantification of consumptive water use of full-bearing, high-yielding Japanese Plum trees with the HYDRUS-2D model
No full textIn South Africa, the Japanese plum industry peaked at 87,746 metric tons in 2016 and recently produced 65,258 tons in 2020, with 73% of this output aimed at the export market. Despite its importance, there is a significant lack of data on the water requirements for Japanese plum cultivation, impeding effective water management strategies. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the crop water needs of the 'African Delight' and 'Fortune' cultivars in Robertson and Wellington using the HYDRUS-2D model. Data, including weather conditions, soil properties, and various field measurements, were collected over two seasons. The model's accuracy, with mean absolute errors of 1.45 mm in Wellington and 4.01 mm in Robertson, was evaluated against observed soil water content. Results showed varying water requirements: 'African Delight' in Wellington needed 980 - 1000 mm and in Robertson 1018 - 1030 mm, while 'Fortune' in Robertson required 1017 - 1038 mm. Orchard-specific details include planting densities and yields, with 'African Delight' in Robertson yielding up to 52 t/ha-1, outperforming other sites. Basal crop coefficients (Kcb) ranged from 0.97 to 1.18, and LAI values from 0.54 to 3.19, consistent with international data for high-density plum orchards
Assessing the Seasonal Water Requirement of Fully Mature Japanese Plum Orchards: A Systematic Review
No full textJapanese plums have relatively high water requirements, which depend on supplementing rainfall volumes with accurately quantified irrigation water. There is a lack of knowledge on the seasonal water requirements of plum orchards. This gap in the literature poses an imminent threat to the long-term sustainability of the South African plum industry, which is particularly plagued by climate change and diminishing water resources. The systematic literature review conducted in this study aimed to provide a foundation for supporting water management in irrigated Japanese plum [Prunus salicina Lindl.] orchards. Seventeen peer-reviewed articles obtained from the literature were analyzed. Approximately 66% of the cultivars were cultivated under different regulated deficit irrigation regimes for water-saving purposes and to increase fruit quality. This review of our knowledge provided benchmark figures on the annual water requirements of Japanese plums. The full-year plum crop water requirements obtained from the literature ranged between 921 and 1211 mm a−1. Canopy growth, pruning and growing season length were the most common causes of differences in the water requirement estimates. Further research is required to measure the water requirement of plums from planting to full-bearing age and the response of plum trees to water stress, especially in the South African context
أهم الموضوعات الشعريّة لأحمد شوقي وأحمد نديم القاسمي (دراسة مقارنة)
No full textAhmad Showqi: (1868 - 1932) is an eminent poet in this era, and he is also leader in Egypt, Arabic World and Europe. He is pioneer in Modern Arabic History. He followed his mentor Mahmood Saami Al-Baroodi. He spent his life in grooming. Arabic thinking and was beginner and elevator of Arabic poetry. He highlighted great civilization of Arabs. This modern movement of Arabic Literature is zeal and zest of this period.
Ahmad Showqi experienced many of those events took place in Arab world and the whole Islamic world. Events of freedom struggle against France played a vital role in his life and poetry. Showqi remained present in the freedom movement of Arab world and in his movement leaded by Mustafa Kamil and Mohammad Fareed. While studying Shaowqi poetry one feels special feeling and he feels climax of Egypt, Arabic and Eastern poetry. His poetry includes all emotions from patriotism to religion.
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi: (1916-2006) an eminent writer, was born in Punjab (District Khusab). He did his Bachelor’s Degree in 1935, and then started doing different jobs. During 1936 to 1942, he worked a sub-inspector in excise department (Punjab Civil Service). He worked as a well-known editor of the journals “Phool” and “Tahẕeeb-e-Niswan” in 1942. He also became the editor of an influential litrary journal of Urdu literature entitled “Adab-e-lateef” in 1943. He set up a very influential journal “Fanoon” in 1962, in which the literary works of young writers of so many Pakistani Urdu writers.
He is a renowned poet, novelist, columnist and critic. Qasmi is author of eleven volumes of poems, eighteen collections of short stories, as well as novels, and criticism. He was one of Pakistan’s most distinguished men of letters. His early poetry shows the strong influence of Progressive political ideology vis à vis British colonialism and the independence movement. After 1947 his focus shifts to his country’s political and social shortcomings, and blunders and the fraught, unending search for social and economic justice there
Comparative_Analysis_of_Py_Roo_Family_of.pdf
No full text In order to fill the void of unavailability of having a standard stream cipher, ECRYPT took an initiative in the form of a project called eSTREAM. A call for cipher submission was made all over the globe and Py (Roo) submitted by Eli Biham and Jennifer Seberry in 2005 was one of the candidates. Py was very efficient stream cipher that is 2.5 times faster than RC4, but was found prone to several cryptanalytic attacks. Though one improved version Pypy was submitted but unfortunately was not able to withstand the cryptanalytic results. In response to these claims the author of these ciphers withdrew Py, Py6 and Pypy stream cipher and given a new tweaked or modified version of these ciphers as TPy, TPy6, and TPypy. TPypy is most secure version of all these ciphers. Some claims have made against these ciphers and counterclaims by author of these algorithms were made to prove it secure. Our aim of this paper is to analyze various attacks and claims regarding this family of stream cipher and come to a conclusion for the security of these ciphers. </p
مرعاۃ المفاتیح (شرح مشکاۃ المصابیح) میں مولانا عبیداللہ رحمانی مبارک پوری کے منہج کا اختصاصی مطالعہ: A Specialized Study of the Methodology of Maulana Ubaidullah Rahmani Mubarakpuri in the Commentary 'Mirat al-Mafatih' on Mishkat al-Masabih
No full textMishkat al-Masabih is a book of Hadith included in the curriculum of religious seminaries in the Indian subcontinent. In this region, three commentaries in Arabic have been written on this book. Among them is a renowned commentary by the distinguished scholar of the Ahl-e-Hadith school of thought, Maulana Obaidullah Rahmani, which is famously known as "Miratual -Mafātīḥ” This commentary holds a prominent position in explaining the text of the Hadith. It includes the introduction of narrators, resolution of conflicting hadith, and discussions on jurisprudential schools of thought. The most remarkable feature of this commentary is that the author does not represent any specific school of jurisprudence. Instead, He gives preference to opinions based on evidence. The author has adopted the methodology of the Muhaddithin (Hadith scholars) in matters of beliefs and ambiguous texts, specifically the approach of Tafweedh (consigning the meaning to Allah). One of the notable qualities of this commentary is that the Hadiths have been numbered, making it easier to benefit from the book and reference specific narrations efficiently. The commentary spans nine volumes and covers up to the end of Kitab al-Manasik (the Book of Pilgrimage)
