128 research outputs found
Contribution of supragranular layers to sensory processing and plasticity in adult rat barrel cortex
No full textIn mature rat primary somatic sensory cortical area (SI) barrel field cortex, the thalamic-recipient granular layer IV neurons project especially densely to layers I, II, III, and IV. A prior study showed that cells in the supragranular layers are the fastest to change their response properties to novel changes in sensory inputs. Here we examine the effect of removing supragranular circuitry on the responsiveness and synaptic plasticity of cells in the remaining layers. To remove the layer II + III (supragranular) neurons from the circuitry of barrel field cortex, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was applied to the exposed dura over the barrel cortex, which destroys those neurons by excitotoxicity without detectable damage to blood vessels or axons of passage. Fifteen days after NMDA treatment, the first responsive cells encountered were 400-430 μm below the pial surface. In separate cases triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), a vital dye taken up by living cells, was absent from the lesion area. Cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity was absent in the first few tangential sections through the barrel field in all cases before arriving at the CO-dense barrel domains. These findings indicate that the lesions were quite consistent from animal to animal. Controls consisted of applying vehicle without NMDA under similar conditions. Responses of D2 barrel cells were assessed for spontaneous activity and level of response to stimulation of the principal D2 whisker and four surround whiskers D1, D3, C2, and E2. In two additional groups of animals treated in the same way, sensory plasticity was assessed by trimming all whiskers except D2 and either D1 or D3 (called Dpaired) for 7 days before recording cortical responses. Such whisker pairing normally potentiates D2 barrel cell responses to stimulation of the two intact whiskers (D2 + Dpaired). After NMDA lesions, cortical cells still responded to all whiskers tested. Cells in lesioned cortex showed reduced response amplitude compared with sham-operated controls to all D-row whiskers. In-arc surround whisker (C2 or E2) responses were normal. Spontaneous activity did not change significantly in any remaining layer at the time tested. Modal latencies to stimulation of principal D2 or surround D1 or D3 whiskers showed no significant change after lesioning. These findings indicate that there is a reasonable preservation of the response properties of layer IV, V, VI neurons after removal of layer II-III neurons in this way. Whisker pairing plasticity in layer IV-VI D2 barrel column neurons occurred in both lesioned and sham animals but was reduced significantly in lesioned animals compared with controls. The response bias generated by whisker trimming (Dpaired/Dcut + Dpaired ratio) was less pronounced in NMDA-lesioned than sham-lesioned animals. Proportionately fewer neurons in layer IV (52 vs. 64%) and in the infragranular layers (55 vs. 68%) exhibited a clear response bias to paired whiskers. We conclude that receptive-field plasticity can occur in layers IV-VI of barrel cortex in the absence of the supragranular layer circuitry. However, layer I-III circuitry does play a role in normal receptive-field generation and is required for the full expression of whisker pairing plasticity in granular and infragranular layer cells
Composite Digital Elevation Model of the Vestfold Hills (REMA / Smith 2015)
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: REMA DEM values have typical elevation errors of less than 1m. However, errors are higher in rougher terrains. D.T. Smith (2015) values have horizontal accuracy between 2-12 m and vertical accuracy between 1-5 m.The Davis Aerodrome Project (DAP) collected a range of environmental survey data over several field seasons to support a comprehensive environmental assessment of the proposed aerodrome. This data includes flora, fauna, soils, lake ecosystem, nearshore, marine, air quality and meteorological information which has been collected by a number of different methods, and extends across the current Davis Station, proposed aerodrome and supporting infrastructure footprint (Ridge Site), previous sites considered for the aerodrome (Heidemann Valley, Adams Flat), as well as locations across the Vestfold Hills away from any of the proposed developments. <br/><br/>The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) (Howat et al., 2019) is an 8 m resolution elevation model of the entire Antarctic continent. For many parts of Antarctica, it is the finest scale digital elevation model (DEM) available in both ice covered and ice-free areas. REMA is derived from stereophotogrammetry of submeter resolution optical, commercial satellite imagery and is described as have typical elevation errors of less than 1m. However, errors are higher in rougher terrains, and on top of this REMA values are masked from terrain below sea level that lies within 800 m of the coastline. For the Vestfold Hills this presents an issue as some valleys within 800 m of the coast lie below sea-level. Here we use, a second DEM of the Vestfold Hills developed by D.T. Smith (2015) at 10m resolution and with horizontal accuracy between 2-12 m and vertical accuracy between 1-5 m to infill areas below sea level (0 m) in the REMA DEM to create a composite DEM of the Vestfold Hills. <br/><br/>Once both DEMs were adjusted to height above sea level, they were combined using the following steps:<br/>First, to account for any slight offset between the two layers, D.T. Smith (2015) DEM values were corrected to REMA values using a linear regression (Yrema = β0 + β1(Xsmith) + ε). The linear regression used all D.T. Smith (2015) values below 30 m to train the model. The model input was cropped at 30m to avoid any lever effects from higher DEM values. Second, a transition zone was defined between 0m and 20m to blend the two layers together. Values within the transition zone (tz) were calculated using a moving weighted average of D.T. Smith (2015) and REMA values such that where D.T. Smith (2015) = 0 m, wt_SMITH = 1 and wt_REMA = 0; and where D.T. Smith (2015) = 20 m, wt_SMITH = 0 and wt_REMA = 1 using the following formulas:<br/><br/>tz=wt_SMITH×SMITH + wt_REMA×REMA <br/><br/>where<br/><br/>wt_SMITH = 1 - ((SMITH-t_min)/∆t)<br/><br/>and,<br/><br/>wt_REMA = 1- wt_SMITH<br/><br/>and, SMITH is the D.T. Smith (2015) value of a cell, REMA is the REMA value of the cell, t_min and t_max are the minimum and maximum Smith values of tz, respectively (in this case 0 m and 20 m) and Δt is the difference between the tmin and tmax ∴ Δt = 20. <br/><br/>The three layers REMA, tz and D.T. Smith (2015) combined to create an improved composite DEM that corrected for missing and erroneous values of REMA in areas below sea level. D.T. Smith (2015) values were highly congruous with REMA values after correction to sea level (r2 = 0.85, β0 = 0.10, β1 = 0.99) and combined with tz values to create a fairly seamless combined DEM
PELAKSANAAN PEMBAGIAN WARIS PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM KELURAHAN TANJUNG REMA DARAT KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
No full textThis research aims to identify the inheritance distribution implementation
among the Moslem community of Tanjung Rema Darat ward and the
understanding of Tanjung Rema Darat ward community regarding the Islamic
inheritance jurisprudence.
This was an empirical or sociological research. Subjects were recruited
through the use of non random sampling technique with purposive samples taken
based on the specific requirements that should be met. The gathered data from the
field study and literature study where quantitatively and qualitatively analyzer and
descriptively written.
Result of this research show that the implementation of inheritance
distribution among the Moslem community of Tanjung Rema Darat ward
adopting Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, which has been implemented based on
the Islamic inheritance jurisprudence. The Islamic Inheritance Jurisprudence
adopted in the inheritance distribution process involve faraid, islah, and faraidislah.
This is consistent with the bilateral principle, meaning that the heir is
awarded with the rights or the inheritance share from the two parties. The
understanding of Tanjung Rema Darat ward people on Islamic Inheritance
jurisprudence is quite good, in which the inheritance distribution has been
implemented based on the Islamic Inheritance Jurisprudence. This was indicated
by the analysis showing that among the responses of 150 respondents, more than
50% of them provided correct answers. The understanding of Tanjung Rema
Darat ward community concerning the shares that the heir receives based on
Islamic Inheritance Jurisprudence has been still lower. This was identified from
the respondents "answers on the author" questions regarding the shares of the
widower heir and widow in case the inheritance giver does not have a child and
the maximum share of inheritance with no agreement from the heir
Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis
No full textThe study elucidates the diagnostic procedures used and the results obtained in 126 con-firmed patients of abdominal
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableNutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is one of the important tree spices of Kerala. Though commercial propagation of nutmeg is by vegetative method, saplings raised from seeds are important for rootstock purposes. The seeds after extraction are sown either immediately or not later than 3-4 days (Khandekar et al., 6). However, the germination of nutmeg seeds is reported to be low (40-50%). Seeds treated with growth regulators had shown increased germination in nutmeg (Mathew, 7). Besides growth regulators, rooting media also playa vital role in seed germination and seedling growth of nutmeg. Khandekar et al. (6) suggested that rice bran, sand + rice bran and sand were the best media for maximum germination and seedling growth in nutmeg under coastal conditions of Maharashtra. Similarly, Baghel and Saraswat (1), and Baghel et al. (2) also found the influence of rooting media on the success of pomegranate cuttings. Keeping in view the influence of media in germination and seedling growth, the present investigation was carried out to study the effect of different media on seed germination, seedling growth and vigour of nutmeg with the help of locally available media under Kerala conditions.Not Availabl
Unveiling spatial variability within the Dotson Melt Channel through high-resolution basal melt rates from the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica
No full textThe intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea embayments of Antarctica causes ice shelves in the region to melt from below, potentially putting their stability at risk. Earlier studies have shown how digital elevation models can be used to obtain ice shelf basal melt rates at a high spatial resolution. However, there has been limited availability of high-resolution elevation data, a gap the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) has filled. In this study we use a novel combination of REMA and CryoSat-2 elevation data to obtain high-resolution basal melt rates of the Dotson Ice Shelf in a Lagrangian framework, at a 50 m spatial posting on a 3-yearly temporal resolution. We present a novel method: Basal melt rates Using REMA and Google Earth Engine (BURGEE). The high resolution of BURGEE is supported through a sensitivity study of the Lagrangian displacement. The high-resolution basal melt rates show a good agreement with an earlier basal melt product based on CryoSat-2. Both products show a wide melt channel extending from the grounding line to the ice front, but our high-resolution product indicates that the pathway and spatial variability of this channel is influenced by a pinning point on the ice shelf. This result emphasizes the importance of high-resolution basal melt rates to expand our understanding of channel formation and melt patterns. BURGEE can be expanded to a pan-Antarctic study of high-resolution basal melt rates. This will provide a better picture of the (in)stability of Antarctic ice shelves.Physical and Space GeodesyMathematical Geodesy and Positionin
Wildlife tourism in Gonarezhou National Park, southeast Zimbabwe: opportunities for wildlife viewing
No full textThe aim of this study was to (i) estimate wild animal abundances, distribution and species diversity and (ii) examine the opportunities for wildlife viewing in major tourist areas in the southern part of Gonarezhou National Park (GNP), southeast Zimbabwe. In this study, road strip counts were used. A total of 93.5 km were traversed and 15 wild animal species were recorded. The overall species diversity and density of the recorded 15 wild animal species during this study differed among transects and habitat types in southern GNP. More animals were sighted in areas near the Mwenezi River with transects away from the river recording fewer animals. Overally, there were clear differences in the spatial distribution of animal species, suggesting greater habitat heterogeneity and increased opportunities of wildlife viewing in southern GNP
Chapter 18 of the General Theory “Further Analysed”: The Theory of Economics as A Method
No full textIn 1987, Greenwald and Stiglitz accused Keynes’s summary of the General Theory in chapter 18 of relying upon “neoclassical and Marshallian tools”. A number of contributions have on the contrary emphasized the methodological importance of this chapter, which this paper revisits in the light of A Treatise on Probability. It thereby shows that the notions of cause and dependence used to discuss the relationships between independent and dependent variables of the General Theory are related to the concept of “independence for knowledge”, which concerns logical connections between arguments rather than material connections between events. We demonstrate that such logical connections established in chapter 18 are rediscussed in chapters 19-21, where Keynes allows for probable repercussions between the factors and removes the simplifying assumptions previously introduced. After stressing the methodological continuity this method provides with the analysis of credit cycles in A Treatise on Money, we argue that chapter 18 is an indispensable tool to decode the internal text structure of the General Theory. We thus characterize the latter as a vademecum to the complex economic world, the author providing an analytical method allowing – and requiring – the readers to emulate his efforts to grasp the complexity and interdependence of the economic material.John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory, complexity, economic methodology
Miro Remo, The Film Author
No full textDizertační práce se komplexně zabývá filmovou tvorbou slovenského režiséra Mira Rema. Výzkum vycházející ze stěžejní úvahy o Removi jakožto tvůrci s osobitým autorským rukopisem stojí na několika opěrných bodech. V jedné z rovin se zaměřuje na témata a postavy, kterými se Remo ve svých filmech zabývá, a s ohledem na to reflektuje, skrze jaké režijní metody, stylové a narativní postupy či prvky filmové řeči je zpřítomňuje filmovému publiku (včetně toho, do jaké míry se opakují či variují). Vedle takto zaměřených analýz jednotlivých děl je pozornost koncentrována i na okolnosti jejich vzniku a dílčí fáze jejich produkce, tzn. na vývoj, výrobu, postprodukci a distribuci. Velký prostor je rovněž věnován kritickému diskurzu a na základě zevrubných rešerší je mapováno, jakým způsobem se projekty Mira Rema diskutovaly v médiích, jaké kauzy vyvolávaly nebo jak rezonovaly u filmové kritiky a v rámci festivalové scény. Výzkum zahrnuje i sérii polostrukturovaných rozhovorů: jak se samotným Mirem Remem, tak i s jeho blízkými spolupracovníky ze všech hlavních štábních profesí ? scenáristou a dramaturgem Jurem Šlaukou, kreativním producentem Markem Kučerou, kameramanem Jarem Vaľkem, střihačem Markem Kráľovským a zvukařem Lukášem Kasprzykem.The thesis deals comprehensively with the film work of the Slovak director Miro Remo. The research is based on the central reflection of Remo as a film author who possesses distinctive handwriting. On one level, it focuses on the themes and characters that Remo deals with. The theses also reflects on the directorial methods, stylistic and narrative approaches or elements of film language through which the director communicates them to the film audience (including the extent to which they are repeated or varied). In addition to such focused analyses of individual works, attention is also given to the circumstances of of their creation as well as the sub-phases of their production, i.e. their development, preproduction, shooting, post-production and distribution. A great deal of the work is also dedicated to critical discourse and ? based on extensive research ? it is mapped how Remo's projects were discussed in the media, what kind of controversies they provoked or how they resonated with film critics or within the festival scene. The research includes a series of semi-structured interviews: with Miro Remo himself, as well as with his close collaborators from several professions ? screenwriter and script consultant Juro Šlauka, creative producer Marek Kučera, DOP Jaro Vaľko, editor Marek Kráľovský and sound designer Lukáš Kasprzyk.Ateliér Audioviz
Soft wood grafting in clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) on related species
No full textThe influence of root stocks on size of the tree, precocity, and reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses is well known, In clove (a major tree spice of India), harvesting is laborious and expensive, and the tree is susceptible to many pests and diseases, which infest the basal region of the stem and roots, To overcome these problems efforts were made at the Indian Institute of Spices Reasearch, Calicut, during September 1996 to study the feasibility of grafting clove on various related species,
 
- …
