1,699 research outputs found
Micro-abrasion resistance of thermochemically treated steels in aqueous solutions: Mechanisms, maps, materials selection
No full textThe area of micro-abrasion is an interesting and relatively recent area in tribo-testing methodologies, where small particles of less than 10 μm are employed between interacting surfaces. It is topical for a number of reasons; its direct relation to the mechanisms of the wear process in bio-tribological applications, ease in conducting tests and the good repeatability of the test results. It has widespread applications in conditions used in the space and offshore industries to bio-engineering for artificial joints and implants. There have been many recent studies on the micro-abrasion performance of materials, ranging from work basic metals to nano-structured coatings. However, no significant work is reported on the micro-abrasion resistance of thermochemically treated steels. Hence, this paper looks at the performance of two thermochemically treated steels, Tenifer bath nitride stainless steel (T-SS) and vanadized carbon steel (V-CS) in such conditions with reference to the stainless steel (SS) by varying the applied load and sliding distance. The results indicated that T-SS demonstrates exceptionally poor resistance to micro-abrasion. It was observed that the heat treatment process and properties of the hardened layer (hardness and thickness) are extremely important in determining the micro-abrasion resistance of such steels. Finally, the results were used to develop micro-abrasion mechanism and wastage maps, which can be used to optimize the surface treated materials for micro-abrasion resistance
Micro-abrasion-corrosion interactions of Ni-Cr/WC based coatings : approaches to construction of tribo-corrosion maps for the abrasion-corrosion synergism
No full textThe process of micro-abrasion-corrosion has been the subject of much research in recent years due to the fact that the action of micron sized particles, typically less than 10 um in diameter, can cause significant degradation of materials in many diverse environments involving aqueous corrosion. Cermet based coatings are often used to combat micro-abrasion-corrosion, but has been little work carried out to characterize the performance of such coatings exposed to micro-abrasion-corrosion or to provide a basis for coating optimisation. In addition, a basis for defining the various micro-abrasion-corrosion interactions has not been suggested to date. In this study the micro-abrasion-corrosion performance of a Ni-Cr/WC coating was assessed and compared to the performance of the steel substrate. The results were used to identify regimes of micro-abrasion as a function of applied load and pH of the solution. In addition, micro-abrasion-corrosion maps were constructed based on the results, showing the variation between micro-abrasion-corrosion regimes, as a function of applied load and pH of the solution
Whistleblowing in Italy : rights and protections for employees
No full textThis paper examines the whistleblowing in the Italian legal system. In the lack ofproper rules on such a phenomenon (quite uncommon in the Italian social reality, also due to cultural reasons) except for the civil servants, the paper goes on analysing, on the one hand, the provision applicable to the civil servants (i.e. art. 54 of the Legislative Decree no. 165/2001), and on the other hand, the instruments provided for by the Italian legal system as general principles, which can be applied by the judge in order to protect the whistleblowers in the private sector (in particular the rules against retaliatory and discriminatory acts and mobbing). The Author stresses that the recalled protection, although effective (also after the so-called 'Monti's reform', id est the Law No. 92/2012), could be not sufficient both because of the allocation of the burden of proof, and because it is applicable to the employees and only partially (as the Author explains in the last paragraph) to the whistleblowing in the context of self-employment. Then the paper analyses the balancing performed by the Italian caselaw between the right to information and the right of criticism, on one side, and the right to secrecy set forth by law in respect of business facts and information, and the personality rights granted to the employer by the Constitution,on the other side. Finally the paper deals with the applicable procedures, introduced by disciplinary codes, also according to the Legislative Decree No. 231/2001, and the problems related to internal reporting systems, in particular the balancing between the needs for the whistleblower's protection and the positive law in the matter of protection of the privacy of the person to whom the complaint relates according to the Legislative Decree No. 196/2003
L'obbligo di ripescaggio nel licenziamento per giustificato motivo oggettivo di tipo economico alla luce del Jobs Act
No full textIl contributo si interroga sul ruolo che, in seguito alle ultime riforme del lavoro, ha assunto il cd. ripescaggio all’interno del licenziamento per giustificato motivo oggettivo di tipo economico. Nella prima parte del saggio, l’esame dei più recenti orientamenti della giurisprudenza, in particolare di quella sull’onere della prova, conduce alla conclusione che il ripescaggio è parte integrante del gmo posto dall’art. 3, l. 604/1966 inteso quale limite interno (o causale) dell’atto di licenziamento, in quanto costituisce il nesso causale negativofra riorganizzazione disposta dal datore e mansioni del lavoratore. Il significato così assunto dal gmo, pur costituendo certo un limite “minimale” dell’atto di licenziamento, risulta comunque conforme ai principi costituzionali, eurounitari e internazionali, secondo l’interpretazione consolidatasi fino ad oggi. La seconda parte del lavoro analizza come la nuova disciplina dello ius variandi (art. 2103 c.c. come modificato dall’art. 3, d.lgs. 81/2015) impatta sulla struttura e sull’ampiezza del ripescaggio. Partendo dal presupposto che il nuovo testo dell’art. 2103 c.c. amplia il debito del lavoratore, includendovi tutte le mansioni appartenenti al medesimo livello di inquadramento rispetto alle mansioni di assunzione (1 co.) e le mansioni del livello immediatamente inferiore (co. 2) – l’A. giunge alla conclusione che il ripescaggio costituisce oggi oggetto di un vero e proprio onere e si estende a tutte le mansioni che integrano il debito di lavoro. Il datore di lavoro infatti ha l’onere, a pena di ingiustificatezza del licenziamento, di cooperare all’adempimento del lavoratore e, dunque, di adibire il lavoratore, nell’esercizio del proprio potere direttivo, ad una delle mansioni dovute, dello stesso livello o del livello immediatamente inferiore rispetto alle mansioni di assunzione. Il mancato rispetto del ripescaggio, così trasformato dall’art. 2103 nuovo testo c.c., è poi corredato da un successivo ed autonomo obbligo di formazione, che grava sul datore di lavoro. Infine, a corollario del ragionamento, l’A. ritiene che il “fatto giuridico” la cui “manifesta insussistenza” dà luogo, ai sensi dell’art. 18, co. 5, St. lav. alla tutela reintegratoria attenuata includa anche il mancato rispetto del ripescaggio, nell’accezione risultante dal combinato disposto dell’art. 3 l. 604/1966 e art. 2103 nuovo testo c.cTHE DUTY OF «REPECHAGE» IN THE DISMISSAL FOR OBJECTIVE ECONOMIC REASONS IN THE LIGHT OF THE JOBS ACT REFORM.
The essay focuses on the role of repêchage in the definition of the dismissal for objective economic reasons after the recent Italian labour law reforms. In the first part of the essay, moving from the analysis of the case-law, especially the one concerning the burden of proof, the author highlights that repêchage is part of the definition of dismissal for objective economic reasons as provided for by Art. 3 Law no. 604/1966, as it represents the causal link between the reorganization of the firm and the workers’ skills. This is in line with both the Italian Constitution and the principles at supranational and international level. In the second part of the essay, the author analyses how the new text of Art. no. 2103 c.c. (as reformed by delegated decree no. 81/2015) affects the duty of repêchage. According to the author, the new art. 2103, broadening the range of tasks the employee can be assigned to in the workplace, has also broadened the notion of repêchage. In her conclusive remarks, she argues that an employer’s failure to fulfil the duty of repêchage, should lead to the reinstatement of the employee under art. 18, co. 5, St. la
Il controllo a distanza dell’attività dei lavoratori dopo il “Jobs Act” (art. 23 D.Lgs. 151/2015) : spunti per un dibattito
No full textL’introduzione mira a offrire una panoramica del nuovo art. 4 St.lav., in materia di potere di controllo del datore di lavoro, recentemente modificato dall’ultima riforma del lavoro (c.d. Jobs Act).
In particolare, dopo una sommaria esposizione delle ragioni sottostanti la nuova norma, volte ad adeguare il potere di controllo del datore di lavoro all’evoluzione dei dispositivi tecnologici presenti sul luogo di lavoro, l’Autrice individua e si sofferma, in una prospettiva critica, sulle eterogenee e complesse questioni interpretative poste dalla novella.The introduction aims at giving an overview of the new article 4 of the
Worker’s Statute (Law no. 300/1970), concerning the employer’s monitoring
powers, as recently reformed by the latest Italian Labour Reform (the so called
Jobs Act).
In particular, after a brief explanation of the rationale underlying the new
rule, in order to make the employer’s control power compatible with the
improvement of technological tools in the workplace, the Author critically lists
and takes into consideration the heterogeneous and complicated interpretative
issues raised by the brand new reform
Ayaanella M.T. Khan & Anis 2017, gen. nov.
No full textAyaanella M.T. Khan & Anis gen. nov. (Figs 1–10) Type species. Ayaanella globugaster M.T. Khan & Anis sp. nov. Description. Female. Head (Fig. 1); antennal torulus placed slightly above lower margin of eye; malar space dark, as long as or shorter than eye width; ocelli arranged in obtuse triangle; mandible (Fig. 2) 4-dentate, third tooth shorter, and a concavity between third and fourth teeth; maxillary palp (Fig. 3) unsegmented, swollen basally, with one seta at apex. Antennal formula 1, 1, (2), 2, 3; antenna (Figs 5–8) with 2 anelli (Figs 7, 8: A1 and A2); funicle 2 segmented, segments asymmetrical, with PLS, F2 broader than long; clava 3-segmented with very long setae and PLS. Mesosoma with pronotum medially divided into two plates; mid lobe of mesoscutum and scutellum each with 2 pairs (2+2) setae; side lobe of mesoscutum with 1 seta along anterolateral corner and axilla; propodeal margin almost straight posteriorly and about as long as metanotum medially; posterior two-thirds of mesoscutum, and scutellum with longitudinally cellulate sculpture, anterior one-third of mesoscutum with polygonal cells. Fore wing hyaline with venation extending to slightly less than half wing length; costal cell very narrow; marginal vein longer than premarginal or stigmal veins; premarginal vein broader than marginal vein; RS1 absent [except two or three setae below stigmal vein]; disc moderately densely setose with setae arranged in rows. Legs with tarsal formula 3-3-3. Metasoma longer than mesosoma; ovipositor short, extending from TV of gaster and hardly exserted. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The genus is named after the son of the second author (SBA), Ayaan + ‘-ella’ Latin suffix added to generic name.Published as part of Khan, Mohd Talib & Anis, Shoeba Binte, 2017, A new genus of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India, pp. 165-168 in Zootaxa 4344 (1) on pages 165-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4344.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/104236
Johnson, Mathew (Death, 1894-10-20)
No full textAddress: City Hospital- 56 Hopkins St.Age at death: 38297/Pg 99/1894/M Col. M/Tenn./Dr. M.T. Whipple/P.O. Stark/Duck Creek Road Cem.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'Johnson-Jones, A'
Il licenziamento nullo perchè discriminatorio, intimato in violazione di disposizioni di legge o in forma orale
No full textL’articolo esamina le varie forme di licenziamento nulle ai sensi del Jobs Act (licenziamento discriminatorio; licenziamento per ritorsione; licenziamento per violazione di legge; licenziamento per disabilità fisica e psichica; licenziamento per mancato superamento del periodo di comporto; licenziamento intimato in forma orale) sia al fine di definire i confini delle varie figure – anche rispetto alla nozione di licenziamento ingiustificato – sia per dipanare la questione delle tutele applicabili. Tale secondo problema è rilevante perché il Jobs Act a fronte delle varie ipotesi di licenziamento nullo non sempre esplicita la forma di tutela applicabile. Nel contributo l’A. sostiene l’idea che – benchè sia indubbio che in via generale il Jobs Act ha elevato a regola la tutela indennitaria e ha relegato ad eccezione la tutela reintegratoria – tuttavia con specifico riferimento all’area del licenziamento nullo esso ha riconfermato la centralità della tutela reintegratoria in considerazione dei particolari interessi della persona del lavoratore che entrano in gioco. Ne deriva che le varie ipotesi di licenziamento nullo – anche ove la legge non contempli una previsione specifica; sono soggette alla tutela reintegratoria ex art. 18 St.lav. o alla tutela reintegratoria “di diritto comune”.The article examines the various forms of dismissal void under the Jobs Act (discriminatory dismissal, dismissal for retaliation, dismissal for violation of the law, dismissal for physical and mental disability, dismissal for failure to exceed the period of compensation, dismissal announced orally) in order to define the boundaries of the various figures; also with respect to the notion of unfair dismissal; and to solve the problem of the applicable protections. This second problem is relevant because the Jobs Act in the face of the various hypotheses of invalid dismissal does not always explicitly the form of protection applicable. In the contribution, the Author supports the idea that; although it is undoubted that in general the Jobs Act has elevated to rule the indemnity protection and has relegated to exception the reinstatement protection; however, with specific reference to the area of invalid dismissal it has reconfirmed the centrality of the reinstatement protection in view of the particular interests of the person of the worker who come into play. It follows that the various hypotheses of invalid dismissal; even where the law does not provide for a specific provision; are subject to the reintegration protection pursuant to art. 18 of Statuto dei Lavoratori or to the reintegration protection "under common law
Factors Associated to Purchase of Quality-Labelled Beef
No full textThe aim of the present study is to identify the factors associated to purchase of quality-labelled beef. For this purpose a total of 364 surveys were carried out on buyers of beef in three Spanish cities. The sample was divided into three groups of buyers according to the beef purchasing habits with a quality label. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the differences between groups. The results show the importance of the production region as a quality aspect. Income level, association of quality-labelled beef with “guarantee and tradition” aspects, purchasing frequency, place of purchase, production systems and lifestyles are all variables that enabled us to establish differences between groups.beef quality, quality label, consumer perception, Demand and Price Analysis,
Optical instruments for measuring leaf area index in low vegetation : application in Arctic ecosystems
No full textAuthor Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 1462–1470, doi:10.1890/03-5354.Leaf area index (LAI) is a powerful diagnostic of plant productivity. Despite the fact that many methods have been developed to quantify LAI, both directly and indirectly, leaf area index remains difficult to quantify accurately, owing to large spatial and temporal variability. The gap-fraction technique is widely used to estimate the LAI indirectly. However, for low-stature vegetation, the gap-fraction sensor either cannot get totally underneath the plant canopy, thereby missing part of the leaf area present, or is too close to the individual leaves of the canopy, which leads to a large distortion of the LAI estimate. We set out to develop a methodology for easy and accurate nondestructive assessment of the variability of LAI in low-stature vegetation. We developed and tested the methodology in an arctic landscape close to Abisko, Sweden.
The LAI of arctic vegetation could be estimated accurately and rapidly by combining field measurements of canopy reflectance (NDVI) and light penetration through the canopy (gap-fraction analysis using a LI-COR LAI-2000). By combining the two methodologies, the limitations of each could be circumvented, and a significantly increased accuracy of the LAI estimates was obtained. The combination of an NDVI sensor for sparser vegetation and a LAI-2000 for denser vegetation could explain 81% of the variance of LAI measured by destructive harvest. We used the method to quantify the spatial variability and the associated uncertainty of leaf area index in a small catchment area.This research was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation
grant DEB0087046
- …
