1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Involvement of PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) in resistance to kinases inhibitors : application to prostate cancer and melanoma
No full textLa résistance clinique aux anticancéreux reste l’une des causes majeures de l’échec des traitements. Cette résistance est multifactorielle et implique un ensemble de mécanismes dont certains ne sont pas encore totalement élucidés. Parmi eux se trouvent des mécanismes impliquant les enzymes du métabolisme et du transport des médicaments dont les gènes sont majoritairement régulés par les récepteurs nucléaires, et notamment PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) ou NR1I2. Son expression et activité via l’expression de ses gènes cibles a souvent été décrite comme étant associée à la chimiorésistance dans des cellules cancéreuses, notamment dans le cancer de la prostate. Le cancer de la prostate résistant à la castration (CPRC) fait partie des cancers pour lequel aucun inhibiteur de kinase (IK) n’a été approuvé malgré un nombre conséquent d’essais cliniques qui se sont soldés par des échecs. Notre travail de Thèse a consisté à étudier l’impact de l’activité de PXR sur l’efficacité des inhibiteurs de kinases dans le contexte du CPRC. Nous avons premièrement confirmé la plus grande fréquence de l’expression de PXR dans les stades avancés de cancer de la prostate sur une cohorte de 512 tissus de patients. Nous avons également démontré que la surexpression stable de PXR dans les cellules de cancer de la prostate 22RV1 conférait une hypersensibilité à l’afatinib, l’erlotinib ou le dabrafénib alors qu’elle conférait une résistance au dasatinib et n’affectait pas la réponse aux autres inhibiteurs testés. L’hypersensibilité à l’afatinib était associée à une augmentation de la concentration intracellulaire de l’inhibiteur et une surexpression significative du transporteur d’influx SLC16A1. De manière intéressante, l’inhibition pharmacologique de SLC16A1 par le dérivé BAY-8002 inhibe l’effet de sensibilisation à l’afatinib par la surexpression de PXR, démontrant pour la première fois le rôle clé de ce transporteur dans la réponse à ce médicament. En parallèle, nous nous sommes intéressés à la possibilité que les inhibiteurs de kinases puissent avoir un effet agoniste de PXR et être à l’origine d’interactions médicamenteuses. Ce volet repose sur des données publiées démontrant une activité agoniste de PXR pour le dabrafénib, pouvant induire l’expression des gènes cibles de PXR tout aussi efficacement que l’agoniste de référence SR12813. Nous avons donc étudié l’effet de la surexpression de PXR sur la réponse aux combinaisons d’inhibiteurs de kinases ciblant BRAF et MEK approuvées dans le mélanome. Nos résultats préliminaires démontrent que dans les cellules de mélanome A375 mutées BRAF V600E, la surexpression de PXR induit une sensibilisation aux combinaisons dabrafenib+tramétinib et vémurafénib+cobimétinib aussi bien qu’aux inhibiteurs utilisés seuls, suggérant que les effets agonistes de PXR ne sont pas responsables de cette sensibilisation mais que d’autres mécanismes, qui sont en cours d’étude, soient mis en jeu. Ils renforcent néanmoins l’intérêt d’utiliser PXR en tant que nouveau marqueur prédictif de l’efficacité des inhibiteurs de kinases en clinique.Clinical resistance to anti-cancer drugs remains one of the major causes of treatment failure. This resistance is pleiotropic and involves various mechanisms, including drug transport and metabolism that implicate key enzymes the expression of which is regulated by nuclear receptors, in particular the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR or NR1I2). The expression of PXR and of its target genes have been associated with chemoresistance in various cancer cell models, including prostate cancer cells. There are currently very few options for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and despite numerous clinical trials, no kinase inhibitor has been approved in that indication. Our project was intended to study the impact of PXR activity on the efficacy of kinase inhibitors in CRPC. Using a tissue microarray of 512 patients, we first confirmed that the expression of PXR was more frequently detected in late stages of prostate cancers. We also demonstrated that stable expression of human PXR could sensitize 22RV1 prostate cancer cells to afatinib, erlotinib or dabrafenib, whereas it conferred a resistance to dasatinib and had no significant effect on other kinase inhibitors tested. Hypersensitivity to afatinib was associated with an increase in the intracellular concentration of the drug and a significant increase in the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter SLC16A1. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SLC16A1 by the BAY-8002 derivative inhibited PXR-mediated sensitization of 22RV1 cells to afatinib, demonstrating for the first time the critical role of this transporter in the cell response to this kinase inhibitor. In parallel, we also studied whether kinase inhibitors could exert an agonist activity towards PXR and be responsible for potential drug-drug interactions. This relied on published observations demonstrating that dabrafenib is a PXR agonist, able to induce the expression of PXR target genes with the same potency as the reference agonist SR12813. We then studied the effect of PXR expression on the cell response to combinations of kinases inhibitors targeting BRAF and MEK that are approved in the treatment of melanomas. Our preliminary results demonstrate that, in BRAF V600E mutated A375 melanoma cells, stable expression of PXR could induce a sensitization to dabrafenib+trametinib and vemurafenib+cobimetinib combinations and to each inhibitor used alone, suggesting that other mechanisms currently under investigation, but not PXR agonist activity, are involved in this process. Nevertheless, our results further strengthen the fact that PXR could be used as a new predictive biomarker of the efficacy of kinases inhibitors in the clinic
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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