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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Parental behaviour and infant regulation as a precursor to the infant self-regulation and temperament
No full textHintergrund. Eine effektive Selbstregulation steht für Erfolg und Zufriedenheit über die gesamte Lebensspanne (Blair & Raver, 2015; Calkins, 2007). Inwieweit Selbstregulation auf genetischer Veranlagung oder erlerntem Verhalten basiert, ist eine offene Frage im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs (Rueda et al., 2012). Bereits für das Säuglingsalter werden entwicklungspsychologische Zusammenhänge der Selbstregulation und des Temperaments diskutiert (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981). Hierbei gilt ko-regulierendes elterliches Verhalten beim Weinen, Einschlafen und Füttern des Säuglings als einer der wichtigen Einflussfaktoren der Selbstregulationsentwicklung (Dayton et al., 2015; Groß et al., 2013; Öztürk Dönmez & Bayik Temel, 2019).
Fragestellung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden vier Fragestellungen in Rahmen des Langzeitprojekts „Bremer Initiative zur Stärkung frühkindlicher Entwicklung“ (BRISE) entwickelt und überprüft: (I) Können frühkindliche Entwicklungsverläufe durch das Zusammenspiel von elterlichem Verhalten, Temperament und Selbstregulation vorhergesagt werden? (II) Welche Umweltfaktoren können als Prädiktoren für die frühkindliche Selbstregulationsentwicklung identifiziert werden? (III) Welche aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu der Beziehung zwischen elterlichen Faktoren und frühkindlicher Regulation gibt es in der Forschung? (IV) Zeigen sich empirisch überprüfbare Zusammenhänge zwischen mütterlichem Beruhigungsverhalten, mütterlicher Erziehungsselbstwirksamkeit und frühkindlicher Regulation bereits im Säuglingsalter?
Methodik. Die Forschungsfragen I bis III wurden mittels inhaltlicher Übersichtsarbeit und strukturierter systematischer Recherche nach den Richtlinien der PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) einschließlich der Checkliste und des Diagramms nach Moher und Kollegen (2009) überprüft. Die Forschungsfrage IV wurde empirisch via Strukturgleichungsmodellierung (SEM) mittels Pfad- und latenter Faktorenanalyse geprüft (Geiser, 2011; Hayduk & Glaser, 2000; Reinecke, 2014). Das Modell beinhaltete mütterliche Beruhigungsstrategien und Erziehungsselbstwirksamkeit als Prädiktoren von Säuglingsregulation zu zwei Messzeitpunkten.
Ergebnisse. Die der Publikation IV vorangegangenen literaturbasierten Forschungsarbeiten zeigten, dass (1) die Selbstregulationsentwicklung in Abhängigkeit vom frühkindlichen Temperament und von Umweltfaktoren verschiedenen Entwicklungspfaden folgen kann, (2) sozioökonomische Faktoren, elterliches Erziehungsverhalten sowie Psychopathologien der Eltern die am häufigsten genannten langzeitlichen Prädiktoren für externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern darstellen, (3) die empirische Forschung zur Beziehung zwischen Verhaltensindikatoren der kindlichen Regulation und dem elterlichen Verhalten in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren insgesamt dreimal weniger Publikationen zu den konkreten Herausforderungen der Säuglingsverhaltensregulation (Schlafen, Weinen und Füttern) als zum Temperament aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse des strukturierten Reviews wiesen zudem Inkonsistenzen zwischen Studien auf, deuteten jedoch auf einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen elterlichem Verhalten (z. B. elterliche Sensitivität, Reaktivität, Unterstützungs-bereitschaft und positiver Affekt) und der Verhaltensregulation des Säuglings hin. In Übereinstimmung mit der vorhandenen Literatur für ältere Kinder zeigte die empirische Publikation IV, dass eine geringe mütterliche Erziehungsselbstwirksamkeit einen häufigeren Einsatz von abgewandten Beruhigungsstrategien vorhersagt, was wiederum mit schlechterer Säuglingsregulation verknüpft ist. In der längsschnittlichen SEM wurde dieser Zusammenhang jedoch nicht bestätigt. Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen zugewandten Beruhigungsstrategien und Beruhigung des Säuglings und nächtlichem Aufwachen, der sich in der längsschnittlichen Analyse noch verstärkte.
Schlussfolgerungen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die komplexen Zusammenhänge von mütterlichem Verhalten, frühkindlichem Temperament und frühkindlicher Regulation sowie der Mechanismen der Mutter-Kind-Ko-Regulation in der Säuglingszeit. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit die frühkindliche Regulation einen Bezug zum Temperament hat und die mütterlichen Beruhigungsstrategien die Entwicklung der frühkindlichen Selbstregulation beeinflussen
Die Interaktionen zwischen pränatalen und postnatalen mütterlichen depressiven Symptomen, Schutzfaktoren, belastenden Lebensereignissen und Neurophysiologie im frühen Kindesalter
No full textPrenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms have been linked to infants’ neurophysiological impairments, cognitive deficits, developmental delay, and persisting emotional and behavioral problems. Stressful life events may increase self-perceived depressive symptoms of mothers. Concurrently, social support may reduce prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms. This dissertation investigated how prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms relate to infants’ neurophysiological outcomes, as well as to protective factors for the mothers and stressful life events. The impact of maternal educational status on these relations was considered. 150 mothers and infants from socially and culturally disadvantaged families participating in a longitudinal study (Bremen Initiative to Foster Early Childhood Development). The participants were interviewed 1) after the 30th week of their pregnancy and till the 10th week after child birth, and 2) between the 2nd and 4th month after child birth, and 3) between the 6nd and 8th month after child birth. Neurophysiological activity was examined in six-to-eight-month-old infants as assessed by spontaneous Electroencephalogram (EEG). Different statistical analyses were conducted in this dissertation to investigate the interactions firstly, between prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and infants’ neurophysiology and secondly, between prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, stressful life events and overall social and partner social support. The results revealed changes of spontaneous brain activity during alert resting states in infants of depressed mothers, which were similarly observed in depressed patients. Low frontal and parietal alpha power and alpha desynchronization were reported for high-risk infants and related to their mother’s depressive symptoms and partly to their educational status. Stressful life events were predictors for the occurrence of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Overall social and partner social support reduced maternal depressive symptoms and thereby, were significant resources for depressed mothers during both prepartum and postpartum. Neurophysiological markers, such as adverse alpha power and alpha desynchronization, might play an important role for the identification of infants at risk. Understanding the role of maternal depressive symptoms and its interactions with overall social and partner social support, stressful life events and maternal educational status may help developing effective intervention programs for families during the phase of pregnancy and early infancy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Oscillatory brain activity in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls during multistable perception
No full textObjective: Patients with schizophrenia seem to be impaired in binding single visual stimuli-features into coherent objects. For this process, interaction of top-down and bottom-up processing has to be intact. Neural oscillations seem to be a fundamental mechanism for coordinated communication of neural circuits. They have been proposed to reflect the spatio-temporal integration of sensory and cognitive information for creating coherent perception. Method: An EEG examination of schizophrenia patients as well as healthy control subjects was performed during the processing of an apparent motion stimulus, a stroboscopic effect, which induces two possible endogenously generated perceptions. Furthermore, a modified control stimulus was presented with exogenous reversals of the stimulus. Event-related oscillations resp. event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) of delta (0-4 Hz), theta (3-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (14-28 Hz) and gamma oscillations (28-48 Hz) were analyzed. Results: The reaction time of patients in the control conditions is significantly slower. They show anslightly reduced delta power for both conditions, their theta-activity was significantly less increased than in the control group. Moreover, patients had a stronger decrease of alpha activity during the reversal activity over posterior electrodes. Both groups show this decrease in the beta frequency. In ambiguous perception, there are topographical differences between the groups. Patients show a shift from posterior to central regions in the gamma response. Conclusion: The results indicate a functional involvement of all five frequencies in multistable perception. Patients with schizophrenia seem to suffer from an impaired top-down influence of delta and theta in perceptual organisation of ambiguous patterns. With respect to the weaker performance in reaction time, it seems as if there is a reduced impact of top-down organisation, while generating the coherent percepts. Posterior alpha and beta desynchronizations are interpreted as reflecting bottom-up mechanisms which help to fulfill the endogenous reversals. It becomes obvious that patients depend more on the sensory input, which can be interpreted as a compensation of the inferior top-down control. The reduced gamma posterior synchronisation in the patient group while reversal processing is debated in literature in respect to inefficient binding to features. There are no obvious group differences for the gamma frequency in multistable processing. Significance: This is the first comparative study, that takes into account the event-related oscillations of all frequency bands during perceptual organization of the apparent motion. Therewith, dysfunctional integration processing in schizophrenia patients is investigated. Coherent perception of the environment originates from an intact interaction of sensory and cognitive processing. An understanding of altered oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia may provide new insights in the pathomechanisms of the disorder
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