3,808 research outputs found
Accuracy og three novel predictive methods for measurement of fat mass in healthy older subjects with different degree of body mass index compared to four body composition techniques
No full textThis study evaluated the agreement of novel
anthropometric equations and established indirect methods
(skinfold thickness and bioimpedance analysis) with reference
methods [dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air
displacement plethysmography (ADP)] for fat mass
assessment (FM) in older subjects.
Methods Forty subjects (M/F = 15/25, age = 61–84
years, BMI = 18–37 kg/m2) were recruited. The agreement
of the following predictive equations was evaluated: body
adiposity index (BAI), BAI-Fels and Clı ́nica Universidad
de Navarra-body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE).
Results BAI estimates were comparable to DXA (D ±
2SD = 0.4 ± 6.0 kg, p[0.05) but not to ADP
(D ± 2SD = -2.8 ± 7.2 kg, p.001); BAI-Fels estimates
were comparable to DXA (D ± 2SD =
0.8 ± 5.5 kg, p[0.05) but not to ADP (D ± 2SD =
-4.0 ± 6.9 kg, p.001). The difference between
CUN-BAE and ADP was not significant (D ± 2SD =
-0.4 ± 5.6 kg, p[0.05), whereas it significantly overestimated
DXA (D ± 2SD = 2.8 ± 5.4 kg, p.001). ADP
significantly overestimated FM compared to DXA
(D ± 2SD = 3.2 ± 5.4 kg, p.001) and the measurement
bias was significantly correlated with BMI in men
(p = 0.004).
Conclusions The accuracy of the three anthropometric
indexes is dependent on the choice of the reference
method. The variability of the FM estimates was large and
these indexes cannot be recommended for the assessment
of FM in older subjects
Plant foods for human health: Research challenges
No full textPlants provide the major part of human food intake. Whilst advances in agronomic characteristics (improved yield and better pest and disease resistance) continue to be a very high priority, there is increasing opportunity to enhance the nutritional value of plant based diets by improving the nutritional quality of staple foods. We now have proof of principle that genetic engineering can be used to produce plant-derived human vaccines. In relation to plant foods for human health, the research challenges include understanding: (1) why certain foods cause adverse reactions in some individuals but not in others; (2) the mechanisms of action of apparently \u27protective\u27 foods such as fruits and vegetables. There is also a need to develop much more informative and robust methods for measuring dietary exposure to specific plant foods or food constituents, including both recent exposure, for which a metabolomics approach may be particularly helpful, and long-term exposure. \ua9 The Author 2006
Nutrigenomics in the modern era
No full textCopyright \ua9 The Author 2016 The concept that interactions between nutrition and genetics determine phenotype was established by Garrod at the beginning of the 20th century through his ground-breaking work on inborn errors of metabolism. A century later, the science and technologies involved in sequencing of the human genome stimulated development of the scientific discipline which we now recognise as nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics). Much of the early hype around possible applications of this new science was unhelpful and raised expectations, which have not been realised as quickly as some would have hoped. However, major advances have been made in quantifying the contribution of genetic variation to a wide range of phenotypes and it is now clear that for nutrition-related phenotypes, such as obesity and common complex diseases, the genetic contribution made by SNP alone is often modest. There is much scope for innovative research to understand the roles of less well explored types of genomic structural variation, e.g. copy number variants, and of interactions between genotype and dietary factors, in phenotype determination. New tools and models, including stem cell-based approaches and genome editing, have huge potential to transform mechanistic nutrition research. Finally, the application of nutrigenomics research offers substantial potential to improve public health e.g. through the use of metabolomics approaches to identify novel biomarkers of food intake, which will lead to more objective and robust measures of dietary exposure. In addition, nutrigenomics may have applications in the development of personalised nutrition interventions, which may facilitate larger, more appropriate and sustained changes in eating (and other lifestyle) behaviours and help to reduce health inequalities
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengelola Barang/Inventaris Di Jc Komp
No full textInventory information system is a system used to enter inventory data into the database, so that there are no errors in input, output data, and reporting based on the desired data. based on surveys and interviews with jc comp personnel, information was obtained that the existing system in the jc comp warehouse section is still manual. therefore, the system that will be created by the author is the result of a replication of the existing system in the jc comp warehouse section. in addition to the process of input and output of goods, this information system is also equipped with features for creating data reports, input and output of goods, and searching for goods data by item name. with the inventory information system is expected to be useful for the warehouse parts jc comp. By implementing this system in the jc comp warehouse, it is hoped that it can reduce errors that may occur. this system is also expected to further speed up the process of input, output, and report generation, which in turn will help the jc comp warehouseSistem Informasi Persediaan Barang adalah sebuah sistem yang digunakan untuk memasukkan data-data persediaan barang ke dalam database, sehinggga tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam input, output data, dan pembuatan laporan berdasarkan data yang diinginkan. Berdasarkan survey dan wawancara dengan bagian personalia Jc Komp, didapatkan informasi bahwa sistem yang ada dibagian gudang Jc Komp masih manual. Oleh karena itu, sistem yang akan dibuat oleh penulis adalah hasil replikasi dari sistem yang telah ada dibagian gudang Jc Comp. Selain proses input dan output barang, pada sistem informasi ini juga dilengkapi fitur pembuatan laporan data, input, dan output barang, dan pencarian data barang berdasarkan nama barang. Dengan adanya Sistem Informasi persediaan barang ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi bagian gudang Jc Komp. Dengan diterapkannya sistem ini pada bagian gudang Jc Comp, maka diharapkan dapat mengurangi kesalahan-kesalahan yang mungkin terjadi. Sistem ini juga diharapkan dapat lebih mempercepat proses input, output, dan pembuatan laporan yang pada akhirnya dapat membantu bagian gudang Jc Komp
Amenable L-2-Theoretic Methods and Knot Concordance
No full textWe reveal new structures in the topological knot concordance group. As a key ingredient, we develop obstructions using L-2-theoretic methods for amenable groups in Strebel's class recently introduced by Orr and the author. Concerning (h)-solvable knots, which are defined in terms of certain Whitney towers of height h in bounding 4-manifolds, we show the following: for any n>1, there are (n)-solvable but non-(n. 5)-solvable (and therefore nonslice) knots, which are not detected by prior methods using Cochran-Orr-Teichner L-2-signature obstructions as well as Levine algebraic obstructions and Casson-Gordon invariants.X1197sciescopu
Dynamics of Network Formation Processes in the Co-Author Model
No full textThis article studies the dynamics in the formation processes of a mutual consent network in game theory setting: the Co-Author Model. In this article, a limited observation is applied and analytical results are derived. Then, 2 parameters are varied: the number of individuals in the network and the initial probability of the links in the network in its initial state. A simulation result shows a finding that is consistent with an analytical result for a state of equilibrium while it also shows different possible equilibria.Dynamics, Network, Game Theory, Model,Simulation, Equilibrium, Complexity
High-level polyomavirus JC viruria following long-term steroid therapy
No full textCASE REPORT JC virus is a highly seroprevalent ubiquitous polyomavirus which is acquired at an early age through respiratory or oral route, Thereafter JCV establishes persistent, but mainly asymptomatic, infections in various tissues, including the genitourinary tract and brain Corresponding author Cristina Costa, MD S.C.D.U. Virologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino Via Santena, 9 -10126 Torino E-mail: [email protected] increasing with age, with adult prevalence rate often between 15% and 60
Engineering Framework to Utilize Miniaturized Charpy Type SE(B) Specimens to Predict Jc of Full Sized Specimens
No full textAbstractThis paper introduces our experience of using miniature Charpy type SE(B) specimen in obtaining fracture toughness Jc of a material in the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) region. Width W x thickness B of 2 x 2 mm, 3 x 3 mm and 10 x 10 mm were chosen as miniature specimens and 25 x 25 mm were chosen as full sized specimen. 0.55% carbon steel JIS S55C, whose tensile to yield stress ratio σTS/σYS was equal to 1.8 was chosen as a material to simulate a degraded (embrittled) material in the DBTT region. Focus was placed on whether cleavage fracture could be predicted for these miniaturized specimens. Another focus was placed on whether the Jc of full sized specimen is predictable from the test results of the miniature sized specimens, in case cleavage fracture were observed. The results showed that the modified Ritch-Knott-Rice (RKR) failure criterion (which predicts the onset of cleavage fracture when the crack opening stress measured at 4 times the crack-tip opening displacement exceeds this σ22c) could predict whether cleavage fracture would occur or not. Another finding was that, in case cleavage fracture was observed though, the critical value σ22c in the modified RKR failure criterion was independent of specimen size, and thus, Jc of the full sized specimen is predictable from the miniature specimen test results, though M = (W-a)σYS/Jc was smaller than ASTM E1921 requirement of 30. Here, a and σYS are crack length and yield strength, respectively
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MYOD-1 in normal colonic mucosa : role as a putative biomarker?
No full textBackground
DNA methylation of promoter-associated CpG islands of certain genes may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. The MYOD-1 gene which is a muscle differentiation gene has been showed to be significantly methylated in colorectal cancer which, is an age related event. However the role of this gene in the colonic mucosa is not understood and whether methylation occurs in subjects without colon cancer. In this study, we have determined the frequency of methylation of the MYOD-1 gene in normal colonic mucosa and investigated to see if this is associated with established colorectal cancer risk factors primarily ageing.
Results
We analysed colonic mucosal biopsies in 218 normal individuals and demonstrated that in most individuals promoter hypermethylation was not quantified for MYOD-1. However, promoter hypermethylation increased significantly with age (p < 0.001 using regression analysis) and this was gender independent. We also showed that gene promoter methylation increased positively with an increase in waist to hip (WHR) ratio – the latter is also a known risk factor for colon cancer development.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that promoter gene hypermethylation of the MYOD-1 gene increases significantly with age in normal individuals and thus may offer potential as a putative biomarker for colorectal cancer
Obesity and bowel cancer: from molecular mechanisms to interventions
No full textThe purpose of this review article is to examine the evidence of the mechanisms linking obesity with bowel cancer risk and to comment on the development of interventions which that may lower risk of this common age-related disease. The choice of topics for inclusion reflect my personal research on the aetiology and prevention of bowel cancer over the past 3 decades. I have cited literature which addresses each of these topics but, because of the breadth of the review article, I have not attempted to do this systematically. The accumulation of genomic damage which leads to colorectal (bowel) cancer (CRC) is influenced by the balance between damage acquisition through environmental exposures and endogenous factors/ processes and the effectiveness of genomic repair mechanisms. There is now convincing evidence that obesity is associated with increased bowel cancer risk and this increased risk is apparent even among those with Lynch Syndrome who are genetically predisposed to the disease. It seems likely that genomic damage resulting from obesity-related inflammation is a key driver of colorectal tumorigenesis but mechanisms may also include altered insulin/ IGF1 signalling which may give tumour cells a competitive advantage. The importance of inflammation as a mediator of the effects of obesity is supported by the fall in CRC risk which follows sustained exposure to NSAID such as aspirin and the abrogation of the excess CRC risk in obese patients with Lynch Syndrome who were randomised to aspirin. Since the available evidence about the effects of weight loss in the obese on CRC risk is limited, this should be a high priority for future research. In the meantime, to lower the global CRC burden, it would be prudent to institute effective public measures to reduce the development of obesity and to enable those who are obese to lose weight
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