1,720,954 research outputs found
Analysis and Modelling of TTL ice crystals based on in-situ light scattering patterns
Get PDFEven though there are numerous studies on cirrus clouds and its influence on climate, lack of detailed information on its microphysical properties like ice crystal geometry, still exists. Challenges like instrumental limitations and scarcity of observational data could be the reasons behind it. But this knowledge gap has only heightened the error in climate model predictions. Therefore, this study is focused on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL), where cirrus clouds can be seen, and the temperature bias is higher. Since the shape and surface geometry of ice crystals greatly influence the temperature, a detailed understanding of these ice crystals is necessary. So, this paper will look in-depth on finding the morphology of different types of ice crystals in the TTL. The primary objective of this research is to analyse the scattering patterns of ice crystals in the TTL cirrus and find their characteristics like shape and size distributions. As cirrus is a high cloud, it plays a crucial role in the Earth-atmosphere radiation balance and by knowing the scattering properties of ice crystals, their impact on the radiative balance can be estimated. This research further helps to broaden the understanding of the general scattering properties of TTL ice crystals, to support climate modelling and contribute towards more accurate climate prediction. An investigation into the light scattering data is presented. The data consist of 2D scattering patterns of ice crystals of size 1-100μm captured by the Aerosol Ice Interface Transition Spectrometer (AIITS) between the scattering angles 6° and 25° at the wavelength of 532nm. The images were taken during the NERC and NASA Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics and Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (known as the CAST-ATTREX campaign) on 5th March 2015 at an altitude between 15-16km over the Eastern Pacific. The features in the scattering patterns are analysed to identify the crystal habit, as they vary with the geometry of the crystal. After the analysis phase, the model crystals of specific types and sizes are generated using an appropriate computer program. The scattering data of the model crystals are then simulated using a Beam Tracing Model (BTM) based on physical optics, as geometric optics doesn’t produce the required information and exact methods (like T-matrix or Discrete Dipole Approximation) are either unsuitable for large size parameters or time-consuming. The simulated scattering pattern of a model crystal is then compared against that of the AIITS to find the characteristics like shape, surface texture and size of the ice crystals. By successive testing and further analysis, the crystal sizes are estimated. Since the manual analysis of scattering patterns is time-consuming, a pilot study on Deep Learning Network has been undertaken to classify the scattering patterns. Previous studies have shown that there are high concentrations of small ice crystals in TTL cirrus. However, these crystals, especially <30μm, are often misclassified due to the limited resolution of the imaging instruments, or even considered as shattered ice. Through this research it was possible to explore both the crystal habit and its surface texture with greater accuracy as the scattering patterns captured by the AIITS are analysed instead of crystal images. It was found that most of the crystals are quasi-spheroidal in shape and that there is indeed an abundance of smaller crystals <30μm. It was also found that over a quarter of the crystal population has rough surfaces
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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