1,720,973 research outputs found
Reasoning with smart objects’ affordance for personalized behavior monitoring in pervasive information systems
No full textThe miniaturization of sensors and their integration in everyday appliances have opened the way for ecologically monitoring people's behavior based on their interaction with smart objects. Thanks to behavior monitoring, mobile, and ubiquitous information systems in the areas of e-health, home automation, and smart cities are becoming more and more "smart," being able to dynamically adapt themselves to the current users' context and situation. However, human behavior is characterized by large variability due to individual habits, physical disabilities or cognitive impairment. This aspect makes behavior monitoring a challenging task. On the one side, execution variability makes it hard to acquire sufficiently large activity datasets needed by supervised learning methods. On the other side, being based on a strict definition of activities in terms of constituting simpler actions, existing knowledge-based frameworks fall short in adapting to the specific characteristics of the subject. Hence, the variability of activity execution by different subjects calls for personalized methods to capture human activities and interaction in smart spaces at a fine-grained level. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a novel hybrid reasoning framework to capture fine-grained interaction with smart objects considering the specific features of individuals. Our model has its roots in the well-founded psychological theory of affordances, i.e., those features of an object that naturally explain its possible uses and how it should be used. The core of the framework is the ontological model of smart objects affordance, expressed through the OWL 2 Web Ontology Language. Through a use case in pervasive healthcare, we show how our framework can be applied to personalized recognition of abnormal behaviors. In particular, we tackle a particularly challenging issue: how to recognize early behavioral symptoms of mild cognitive impairment in subjects with physical disabilities. Moreover, an extensive experimental evaluation with real-world datasets acquired from 24 subjects shows the effectiveness of our framework in recognizing human activities and fine-grained manipulative gestures in different pervasive computing environments
Multi-dimensional intelligence in smart physical objects
Full text linkThis paper is about characterizing intelligence in Smart Physical Objects, i.e., objects based on the tight and seamless integration of a physical and a digital counterpart. The design of these objects gives rise to new opportunities but requires taking into account a number of dimensions that contribute to smartness. In our view, supported by considerable literature on this subject, smart behavior is the result of proper combinations of several dimensions of intelligence. In the paper we analyze these dimensions, singling out different alternatives leading to different capabilities of smart objects. The contribution of the paper is to provide a framework that can guide a designer in making decisions about smartness in the physical object being designed, starting from its requisites. At the same time the framework provides an effective guide to classify and compare smart physical objects according to the type and level of smartness they exhibit
Principles to Design Smart Physical Objects as Adaptive Recommenders
Full text linkRecommenders have proven to be useful means to support people in their activities and in making decisions. They evolved from online recommenders to context-aware and ubiquitous recommenders. Moving forward along this line, the paper introduces the new emerging class of smart physical recommenders: context-aware recommender systems that are embedded into physical everyday objects. The paper describes the features of these systems and presents a conceptual model to design them, by analyzing a number of issues that have to be addressed by a designer and discussing the consequences of different design choices with their impact on the smartness of the designed object. The model is structured in a number of layers corresponding to different conceptual design phases in which different requirements are analyzed. The contribution of the paper is to discuss and provide design guidelines for a new rising class of recommenders that combine the features of intelligent agents, cyber-physical objects and recommendersupport systems. The description of the model is complemented by an exemplary analysis of its application
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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