1,720,964 research outputs found
Research and caracterization of new enzymes from marine bacteria active on algal polysaccharides
No full textLes polysaccharides algaux sont une ressource marine dont la valorisation est limitée par le manque d’outils adéquats à leur modification chimique. Grâce aux enzymes qu’elles synthétisent, les bactéries marines, qui vivent au contact des algues, représentent un enjeu majeur pour le développement des biotechnologies bleues. Cette thèse a permis de cloner et d’obtenir sous forme soluble plusieurs dizaines de nouvelles enzymes bactériennes marines actives sur des polysaccharides algaux. Quatre d’entre elles ont fait l’objet d’une étude plus spécifique. Les deux premières sont impliquées dans les voies de dégradation des carraghénanes. La première, ZgCgkA, est une κ-carraghénase de la famille 16 des glycosides hydrolases (GH), synthétisée par la bactérie Zobellia galactanivorans. Son étude biochimique et structurale, par cristallographie des rayons X, a permis de corréler certaines différences structurales à des modes d’interaction différents avec le substrat, au sein de cette sous-famille des GH16. La seconde enzyme étudiée, une β-carrabiose hydrolase de Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, agit sur des oligosaccharides hybrides β/κ. Son étude biochimique et phylogénétique a permis de proposer la création d’une nouvelle famille de GH apparentée aux GH42. Enfin, les deux dernières enzymes étudiées, une GH29 et une GH non-classée, sont codées dans un locus de Z. galactanivorans qui semble impliqué dans la dégradation de substrats enrichis en fucose sulfaté. La GH29 a fait l’objet d’une caractérisation biochimique sur substrat synthétique, et son analyse structurale est en cours. Ces différents résultats permettent d’envisager l’utilisation de ces enzymes comme outils de valorisation des polysaccharides algaux, en particulier des carraghénanes.Algal polysaccharides are marine resources valorization of which is hindered by the lack of proper tools to modify their structure. Marine bacteria living associated to macroalgae synthesize enzymes acting on these polysaccharides. They represent a great opportunity for the development of bleu biotechnology. This thesis project resulted in the successful cloning and soluble protein production of several dozen new bacterial enzymes active on algal polysaccharides. Four of them have been studied in detail. The first two are involved in carrageenan degradation pathways. The first one, ZgCgkA, is a κ-carrageenase from family 16 of glycoside hydrolases (GH), synthesized by Zobellia galactanivorans. Its biochemical and structural study, by X-ray crystallography, provided a link between structural features and different interaction modes with the substrate in this GH16 sub-family. The second enzyme, a β-carrabiose hydrolase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, is active on hybrid oligosaccharides of β/κ-carrageenan. Its biochemical and phylogenetic study suggests the creation of a new GH family, distantly related to the GH42 family. The last two enzymes, a GH29 and a non-classified GH, are encoded in a locus of Z. galactanivorans probably dedicated to the degradation of sulfated fucans. GH29 was biochemically characterized on synthetic substrate, and its structural study is ongoing. These results raise the possibility to use these enzymes as tools for the valorization of algal polysaccharides, particularly carrageenans
Recherche et caractérisation de nouvelles enzymes de bactéries marines actives sur les polysaccharides algaux par une approche biochimique et structurale
No full textAlgal polysaccharides are marine resources valorization of which is hindered by the lack of proper tools to modify their structure. Marine bacteria living associated to macroalgae synthesize enzymes acting on these polysaccharides. They represent a great opportunity for the development of bleu biotechnology. This thesis project resulted in the successful cloning and soluble protein production of several dozen new bacterial enzymes active on algal polysaccharides. Four of them have been studied in detail. The first two are involved in carrageenan degradation pathways. The first one, ZgCgkA, is a κ-carrageenase from family 16 of glycoside hydrolases (GH), synthesized by Zobellia galactanivorans. Its biochemical and structural study, by X-ray crystallography, provided a link between structural features and different interaction modes with the substrate in this GH16 sub-family. The second enzyme, a β-carrabiose hydrolase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, is active on hybrid oligosaccharides of β/κ-carrageenan. Its biochemical and phylogenetic study suggests the creation of a new GH family, distantly related to the GH42 family. The last two enzymes, a GH29 and a non-classified GH, are encoded in a locus of Z. galactanivorans probably dedicated to the degradation of sulfated fucans. GH29 was biochemically characterized on synthetic substrate, and its structural study is ongoing. These results raise the possibility to use these enzymes as tools for the valorization of algal polysaccharides, particularly carrageenans.Les polysaccharides algaux sont une ressource marine dont la valorisation est limitée par le manque d’outils adéquats à leur modification chimique. Grâce aux enzymes qu’elles synthétisent, les bactéries marines, qui vivent au contact des algues, représentent un enjeu majeur pour le développement des biotechnologies bleues. Cette thèse a permis de cloner et d’obtenir sous forme soluble plusieurs dizaines de nouvelles enzymes bactériennes marines actives sur des polysaccharides algaux. Quatre d’entre elles ont fait l’objet d’une étude plus spécifique. Les deux premières sont impliquées dans les voies de dégradation des carraghénanes. La première, ZgCgkA, est une κ-carraghénase de la famille 16 des glycosides hydrolases (GH), synthétisée par la bactérie Zobellia galactanivorans. Son étude biochimique et structurale, par cristallographie des rayons X, a permis de corréler certaines différences structurales à des modes d’interaction différents avec le substrat, au sein de cette sous-famille des GH16. La seconde enzyme étudiée, une β-carrabiose hydrolase de Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, agit sur des oligosaccharides hybrides β/κ. Son étude biochimique et phylogénétique a permis de proposer la création d’une nouvelle famille de GH apparentée aux GH42. Enfin, les deux dernières enzymes étudiées, une GH29 et une GH non-classée, sont codées dans un locus de Z. galactanivorans qui semble impliqué dans la dégradation de substrats enrichis en fucose sulfaté. La GH29 a fait l’objet d’une caractérisation biochimique sur substrat synthétique, et son analyse structurale est en cours. Ces différents résultats permettent d’envisager l’utilisation de ces enzymes comme outils de valorisation des polysaccharides algaux, en particulier des carraghénanes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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