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Kondanser kanal boyutlarının havada bulunan su buharının yoğuşmasına etkilerinin deneysel araştırılması
No full textACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... iv ÖZET ..................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... xii LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... xiii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2. MODELING ..................................................................................................................... 4 3. CONDENSER TESTING UNIT ...................................................................................... 7 3.1. CONDENSER TESTING UNIT DESIGN ................................................................ 7 3.2. COMPONENTS OF THE TESTING UNIT ............................................................ 10 3.3. CONTROLLING UNIT AND TESTING PROCEDURE ....................................... 22 3.3.1. Controlling Unit ................................................................................................. 22 3.3.2. Testing Procedure .............................................................................................. 23 4. CALCULATIONS .......................................................................................................... 29 5. EXPERIMENTS ............................................................................................................. 35 5.1. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT ................................................................................... 35 6. DATA PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION ............................................................ 38 6.1. EXPERIMENT FOR THE CONDENSER HEIGHT OF 10 mm ............................ 38 6.2. EXPERIMENT FOR THE CONDENSER HEIGHT OF 13 mm ............................. 46 6.3. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CONDENSER HEIGHTS OF 10 AND 13 mm .......................................................................................................................................... 54 7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ........................................................................ 63 7.1. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 63 7.2. FUTURE WORK ..................................................................................................... 64 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 65 vii APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 67The present study experimentally investigates the condensation of steam in the presence of air. In particular, the condensation efficiency has been examined which is defined by the ratio of heat released during the condensation process (the amount of latent heat) to the total heat extracted from the mixture of vapor and non-condensable gas (the sum of latent and sensible heats). The present experiment employs a cross-flow condenser where the air-steam mixture flow is cooled by dry airflow. The test setup is designed and built as three main parts, namely, process cycle, cooling cycle, and the test section. The process air (air-steam mixture) is operated in a closed cycle while the cooling air is operated in an open cycle. The process cycle is made of a process fan, a heater, and a humidifier. The test section is designed in such a way that the height and width of the channel are adjustable. In the test setup, flow rate, temperature, and humidity rates are controlled by the PLC system. Thus we investigate how the condensation efficiency is affected by various parameters such as (1) the operating conditions such as flow rates, and inlet temperatures and humidities for process and cooling flows and (2) the dimensions of the condenser channel. Results show that higher humidity, and higher condensation efficiency, as expected. The condensation efficiency is found to be generally less sensitive to the air-steam mixture flow rate. However, the efficiency decreases as the cooling airflow rate increases for a given humidity. This is believed to be due to the increasing diffusional resistance in the boundary layer as the cooling flow rate increases. When the channel height increases, the efficiency decreases at a lower cooling flow rate but appears to increase at a higher cooling flow rate except for the case with high humidity and a high mixture flow rate.Turkish: Bu çalışmada havanın içeresindeki buharın yoğunlaşmasını deneysel olarak incelenecektir. Özellikle, yoğunlaşma işlemi sırasında ortaya çıkan ısı ile buharın ve yoğunlaşamayan gazın karışımından elde edilen toplam ısı oranı incelenecektir. Mevcut deneyde hava-buhar karışımının bir işlem sıvısı ve kuru havanın bir soğutma sıvısı olduğu çapraz akış yoğunlaştırıcısı kullanılmaktadır. Test düzeneği aşağıdaki gibi tasarlanmış ve yapılmıştır. Test düzeneğini kapsayan üç ana bölüm vardır. Sırasıyla, işlem döngüsü, soğutma döngüsü ve test kısmı. İşlem döngüsü bir işlem fanı bir ısıtıcı ve bir nemlendiriciden oluşmaktadır. İşlem havası ( hava - buhar karışımı ) soğutma havası açık çevrimde çalışırken kapalı çevrimde çalışmaktadır. Test kısmı, kanalın yüksekliği ve genişliği ayrı ayrı ayarlanabilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Test kısmının üst kapağı, yoğunlaşma sürecinin görünebilmesi için şeffaf olarak seçilmiştir. Test düzeneğinde akış hızı, sıcaklık ve nem oranları PLC sistemi tarafından kontrol edilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle; aşağıdaki durumlarda yoğunlaşma verimliliğinin nasıl etkilendiğini araştırmayı amaçlıyoruz, (1) akış hızı gibi çalışma koşulları ve proses ve soğutma akışları için giriş sıcaklıkları ve nemlilikleri (2) yoğunlaştırma kanalı ebatları. 10 mm kanal yüksekliğinde soğuk hava debisinin yükseltilmesi olumlu yönde toplam ısı transfer katsayısı değerlerini etkilerken yoğuşma verimliliğini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Proses debisinin artması da olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Fakat kanal yüksekliğinin artması grafiklerden görüldüğü gibi sabit soğuk hava debisi değerleri için olumsuz etkilediği görünmektedir.The Yeditepe University Open Access System is a compilation of national and international indexed publications for the institutional archive of scientific publications prepared by Yeditepe University students (graduate, doctoral, and/or equivalent). Copyright and rights of use may belong to the authors and/or Yeditepe University.YÖK id number : 62435
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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