1,720,972 research outputs found
Funding sources, colonial legacy, and new firms’ creation in Africa
Full text linkThis study examines the determinants of new firm creation in Africa, focusing on external and internal funding sources and their interactions. It also explores the influence of colonial history by separately analyzing former British and French colonies. The primary goal is to help fill crucial gaps in African literature on the determinants of entrepreneurship. Given Africa's widespread poverty and underdevelopment, understanding what drives entrepreneurship is essential for job creation and economic growth. The study reveals three key findings. First, at the full sample level, remittances are the only external financing source positively associated with new firm creation, while foreign aid and foreign direct investment obstacle it. Internal sources, like savings and credit, do not show significant effects. Second, the subsample analysis reveals heterogeneous results: former British colonies' funding sources align with the overall findings, while in former French colonies, only savings support entrepreneurship. Third, considering control variables, the subsample analysis indicates two distinct entrepreneurship models: opportunity-based in former British colonies and necessity-based in former French colonies. These findings are noteworthy and provide significant policy implications at both national and international levels. Crucially, the positive role of remittances in financing new business initiatives, confirms that migration serves as a mutually beneficial arrangement for both sending African countries and the host countries
The Trade-Off Between Tourism and Pollution for Japanese Economic Growth
Full text linkThis paper proposes a vector error correction model to investigate the relationship between polluting emissions and GDP levels in Japan, in the period 1970-2014, and tests the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis driven by tourist arrivals. Our results validate the existence of two different causality channels among the selected variables. In particular, we find that a trade-off might exist between increasing the number of tourists, which drives economic growth, and the pattern of a sustainable development, due to the increase of polluting emissions. The analysis allows us to propose appropriate policy strategies to promote a robust and sustainable long run economic growth
The impact of immigrants settlements’ on Italian firms
No full textImmigrants workers differ from natives and their diversity brings opportunity for firms, who can diversify their skills, tasks and products, cut their costs and, in some cases, expand.
The chance for firms to expand (e.g. by opening new establishments) can be given by the arrivals of immigrants that, earning lower wages than natives, contribute to reduce the production costs. The recent immigration literature started to investigate how firms respond to the growing availability of immigrants (Ottaviano-Peri, 2013). Olney (2013) highlights how firms’ decisions may respond to low-skilled local labor supplies, he focuses on the extensive margin of adjustment by examining the impact of immigration on the number of establishments in U.S. cities.
Following Olney’s contribution, this study investigates the impact of immigration on firms’ using data on the establishments in all sectors excluding agriculture, for 103 Italian provinces and the 2004-2010 time span. There are at least three important reasons to focus on Italy. The first is that, despite being one of the main destination country for low-skilled immigrants, Italy lacks of empirical studies focusing on firms' decision level. The second is that immigrants in Italy keep growing notwithstanding the economic crisis, with an annual average growth rate which was above 10% during the period 2004–2010. Moreover, immigrants growth rates are much higher in the South (i.e., the less developed area) than the Center-North. Third, during the same period, both the number of establishments and employees have increased by approximately 3% and 5%, respectively.
Using instrumental variable technique in order to deal with the potential endogeneity of immigrants, this study analyses the impact of an increase in the share of immigrants on both the number of establishments and employment. The results show that an increase in the share of immigrants leads to an increase in both the number of establishments and employment. Interesting differences arise with respect to the macro area (i.e, Center-North and South), sector and establishments’ size
The estimation of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the Italian economy when inflation is non stationary
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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