97 research outputs found
Casual role of infectious agents in cancer: An overview
No full textCancer is a complex group of diseases with multiple eventual causes. The underlying causes are not fully known. Thus, learning more about the known causes of cancer is an important issue. Moreover, among these factors, infection and its association to cancers is controversial. Although, it seems that the genome instability of the cells can initiate cancer development. The purpose of this review was to present the role of infection in the development of cancer. Infectious agents, such as hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) contribute to the pathogenesis of different cancers. These cancers include hepatocellular carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Screenings of infectious diseases in cancer patients may open up areas of research in the identification of optimizing cancer control strategies. 
Clinical diagnosis challenges in Zika virus infection
No full textDear Editor,
Will Zika virus (ZIKV) infection as a mosquito-borne illness with symptoms similar to flu difficult to diagnose?
To answer this question, we need to know this infectious disease well and its clinical symptoms. So, first we need to point to the mentioned case. ZIKV is an emerging viral infection in the Flaviviridae family, transmitted by Aedes aegypti.
At present according to the reports of health organizations, this infection has spread throughout the USA, the Pacific Islands, and the Southeast Asia. This flu like infection causes mild symptoms resolved in two weeks, like fever, headache, rash, myalgia, redness, and conjunctivitis (1).
Thus, the temperature is usually low grade fever (within 38.0°C) and skin rashes are likely immune-mediated and pruritic in many cases which begin within 1–4 days onset. Definitely, the complicated features comprising Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and fatal encephalitis in adults, an abnormally small head size (microcephaly) in newborn infants, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were documented (2).
There are many flu like illnesses, which may make clinicians doubtful in the diagnosis of ZIKV infection. Among these diseases can be referred to such terms as herpes simplex virus (HSV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), hepatitis C, Lyme disease, Q fever, dengue fever (DF), measles, and so on.
In other words, it is confirmed that these common clinical presentations of ZIKV infection performed to be very similar to some arboviral diseases, like as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) infection, as a result, a confounding diagnosis. Consequently, a study that was conducted in 2015 revealed 224 dengue cases screened for ZIKV infection, seven patients had positive results for ZIKV infection(3).
Several in vitro studies suggested cross-reactivity between antibody responses in dengue virus (DENV) as an arthropod‑borne virus and a member of the genus Flavivirus, and Zika virus(4). Even few research studies suggest that dengue virus enters to cells with Tyro 3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM), and these receptors are engaged in ZIKV infection (5). Although other studies showed the differences between these infections that they are very helpful in solving the misdiagnosed problem.
Rashes in ZIKV infection are more likely to occur in the first week than dengue infection. In the event, rashes regularly appear during recovery phases of dengue disease. Contrary to dengue, hemorrhagic episodes and abnormality in laboratory findings as thrombocytopenia occur less frequently in ZIKV.
It has shown that different types of edema are more common in ZIKV infections than in DENV illness. In general, people with ZIKV infection, unlike dengue fever, less likely develop severe illnesses and need to be hospitalized. As a consequence, it can be concluded that diagnosis of ZIKV infection and the complete and accurate verification is a great challenge due to low-level viremia and cross- reactivity related to immune system functions. On the other hand, detection of this infection is best during the early-phase, though, diagnosis is seriously problematic at this stage because the disease occurs in this phase asymptomatically (3).
As a result, the best and the most reliable things are the careful evaluation of infection regarding clinical and paraclinical (hematologic) parameters alongside the use of RT-PCR with high specificity and sensitivity as the gold standard for ZIKV detection. Meanwhile, RT-PCR is effective in serum, saliva and semen in 1-2 weeks post infection. Moreover, it is recommended to use acute and recuperating samples for better diagnosis (5).
The use of molecular tests such as Trioplex Real-Time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is recommended specially for those who have recently traveled to regions with risk of Zika and even show some symptoms of a disease such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and DENV(5)
PROGRESS OF THE JILA ELECTRON EDM EXPERIMENT
No full textAuthor Institution: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USAMolecules can be advantageous for the search for the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) due to the large effective electric field experienced by a bound, unpaired electron. Furthermore, the closely-spaced states of opposite parity make the molecules easy to polarize in the lab frame. The JILA eEDM experiment currently uses HfF molecules in an ion trap to achieve long coherence times to reduce systematics. When an electric field is applied the eEDM signal is proportional to the shift in energy splitting between two Zeeman levels in a low-lying, metastable state. We have previously shown efficient preparation of trapped HfF molecules in the rovibronic ground state, . Here, we demonstrate coherent transfer of population from the ground state to the state through an intermediate state and efficient state read-out using photodissociation. In addition, we have begun to take spectroscopy data of the hyperfine and Zeeman structure of the eEDM science state in the presence of a rotating bias electric field and a magnetic field
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What we need to know
No full textCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What we need to kno
Study the incidence of complications of BCG vaccine in infants of Babol, Mazandaran (2011-2013)
No full textBackground: BCG vaccination which is administered to prevent tuberculosis is sometimes associated with serious complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence of complications of BCG vaccination in Babol.
Methods: All infants who received BCG vaccination between 2011-2013 in health centers of Babol entered the study. Data regarding complications of vaccine were extracted according to the National Inventory of babies. All complicated cases were confirmed by the Academic Committee to review the adverse consequences of the vaccine.
Results: Among the 15984 vaccinated neonates, 150 (0.93%) cases presented lymphadenitis. 46.5% were females and 53.5% were males 43% were rural residents and 57% were urban residents. No cases of lymphadenitis including 1% of lymphadenitis with abscess formation were recovered without treatment. Disseminated infection occurred in 3 cases of immune deficient patients who responded to the treatment. Most complications occurred during 4 months after vaccination.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of lymphadenitis in Babol was higher than the standard of WHO. This may be attributed to type and vaccine storage and injection technique. These findings justify further training of health-center workers
Research Publication Pattern of Journal of Indian Library Association (JILA): A Bibliometric Analysis during 2015-2019
No full textThe present paper aims to investigate the publishing pattern of The Journal of Indian Library Association (JILA) published during 2015-2019. During this period, a total of 107 research articles has been published by various contributors across the country. The study explores the bibliometric aspects like distribution of articles, year-wise growth of publications, authorship pattern of publication their degree of collaboration and an average rate of publication per author. The maximum growth rate was measured in the year 2019 with 21.73%, and individual authors published 47.67% of scholarly articles. The findings of the study demonstrate the strength of the Journal, which will be helpful for further development
Spontaneous relapse in patients with inactive chronic hepatitis B virus infection
No full textBackground: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) may reactivate during the course of the disease and is called spontaneous relapse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of relapse of hepatitis in subjects with inactive HBV carriers.
Methods: This follow-up study was performed on 785 patients with inactive HBV carriers that were followed-up at six month intervals. The presence of serum HBsAg and anti-HBe, without HBeAg, HBV DNA levels <2000 IU/ml with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was defined as inactive carriers. Patients who developed ALT ≥80 IU/L with HBV DNA levels ≥2000 IU/ml were considered as spontaneous relapse.
Results: Seven hundred- eighty five cases (441 males, 344 females) of chronic HBV infected individuals were followed-up. The mean age at the entrance of the study was 30.5±11.8 years. The mean follow-up duration was 5.9±5 years. Relapse was seen in 35 (4.5%) cases, in 27 out of 441 (6.1%) males and in 8 out of 344 (2.3%) females and in 4.2% subjects ≥ 30 years versus in 4.7% cases of under 30 years (p>0.05). The development of relapse in males was higher than females (hazard ratio 2.53, 95% CI 1.2-5.6, p=0.021), but age ≥30 or < 30 years did not have effect (hazard ratio1.21, 95% CI 0.62-2.36, p=0.58).
Conclusions: The results show that spontaneous relapse of hepatitis may develop during the course of chronic HBV infection. We suggest that all patients with chronic hepatitis B, regardless of their age, be examined for the possibility of relapse
BROADBAND VELOCITY MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULAR IONS FOR USE IN THE JILA ELECTRON EDM EXPERIMENT
No full textAuthor Institution: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USAThe JILA electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) experiment will use a low-lying, metastable state in trapped molecular ions of HfF or ThF. Prior to this work, the low-lying states of these molecules had been investigated by PFI-ZEKE spectroscopy. However, there were no detailed studies of the electronic structure. The recently developed technique of frequency comb velocity modulation spectroscopy (VMS) provides broad-bandwidth, high-resolution, ion-sensitive spectroscopy, allowing the acquisition of 150 cm of continuous spectra in 30 minutes over 1500 simultaneous channels. By supplementing this technique with cw-laser VMS, we have investigated the electronic structure of HfF in the frequency range of 9950 to 14600 cm, accurately fitting and assigning 16 rovibronic transitions involving 8 different electronic states including the and states. In addition, an observed state with coupling to both the and states has been used in the actual eEDM experiment to coherently transfer population from the rovibronic ground state of HfF to the eEDM science state. Furthermore, we report on current efforts of applying frequency comb VMS at 700 - 900 nm to the study of ThF, which has a lower energy state and a greater effective electric field, and will provide increased sensitivity for a measurement of the eEDM
HBV DNA in the Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Chronic HBV Infected Individuals Who Became HBsAg-Serocleared or Seroconverted
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