1,720,972 research outputs found
Survival analysis of time-to-death for under-five children In Ethiopia: using parametric shared frailty models
No full textunder-five child mortality indicates the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. Under-five child mortality is considered to be one of the key health indicators in an economy. This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting time-to-death of under-five children in Ethiopia using parametric shared frailty models where region were used as a clustering effect in the model. Methods: Parametric shared frailty models have been used with three baseline hazard function (Weibull, Log-logistic, Log-normal) and two frailty distributions (Gamma, Inverse-Gaussian). From 2011 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 9433 under-five children were included from nine regional states and two city administrations. Data were analyzed using statistical software such as: R version 3.2.5 and STATA version 12.0. Results: The median death time of under-five children in Ethiopia was 12 months. The clustering effect was significant and Log-normal-Inverse Gaussian shared frailty model was preferred over Weibull and Log-logistic Gamma shared frailty models based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and graphical evidence. The result showed women’s educational level, wealth index, type of births, total children ever born, preceding birth intervals and place of delivery were significant, where as sex of household head and religion were not significant covariates for under-five child mortality in Ethiopia. Conclusion: The result suggested that the timing of death of under-five children from different region had different pattern, since there was a frailty (clustering) effect on the time-to-death of under-five children among regions of Ethiopia
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Covid-19 Prevention Among Prisoners and Associated Factors in Halaba Town Prison In Southern Ethiopia, 2021
Full text linkBACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infection that is caused by a novel
corona-virus and was first noticed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Ethiopia is now showing
a high commitment to prevent and slow down the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying case
detection, contact testing and quarantine, large scale screening in high-risk groups; like prisoners
are the actions being taken to control the spread of the disease.
OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 prevention and
associated factors among prisoners in Halaba kulito town, southern Ethiopia, 2021.
METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Halaba kulito prison,
southern Ethiopia at May to June 2021. Using eligibility criteria; 214 prisoners were included
using census survey method in the study. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire
was used. After the completion of data collection, all the questionnaires were checked, entered
and cleaned using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Bi-variate and
multivariable binary logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of knowledge,
attitude and practice towards COVID-19 prevention.
RESULTS: Good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice towards COVID-19 prevention
were reported as 91%, 71.4% and 54.8% respectively. Age above 25 years old [AOR=4.416,
95%CI (1.598-12.203), (P<0.004)] and source of information from media [AOR=4.673, 95%CI
(1.607-13.587), (P<0.005)] were significantly associated with knowledge towards COVID-19.
Formal educational level [AOR=2.21, 95%CI (1.01-4.83), (P<0.048)] and good knowledge
[AOR=5.41, 95%CI (1.90-15.38), (p<0.002)] were significantly associated with attitude towards
COVID-19. Good knowledge towards COVID-19 prevention [AOR=3.998, 95%CI (1.235-
12.940), (P<0.021)] and positive attitude of COVID-19 [AOR=3.064, 95%CI (1.607-5.843),
(P<0.001)] were significantly associated with practice towards COVID-19 prevention.
CONCLUSION: Levels of practice towards COVID-19 prevention were low relatively to the
knowledge and attitude in this study. Health department of the Zone and NGOs, which are
engaged in COVID-19 prevention health program in the area, should give special attention for
availing necessary protective materials, room condition for physical distancing and health
education to increase their level of practice towards COVID-19 preventio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Predictors of Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication among Hypertensive Adults in Fiche Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, case control study
No full textBackground: Hypertension is an elevated of systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm
Hg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension can occur
due to non-adherence to medication or dietary regimen. Despite the availability of effective
pharmacological treatments, the global rate of uncontrolled blood pressure remains high,
because several factors hinder hypertensive patients’ adherence.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess predictors of adherence to antihypertensive
medication among hypertensive adults on follow up in Fiche Hospital.
Method: Hospitalbased unmatched case control study was conducted in Fiche Hospital
which is found in North Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, from March 01-26, 2018. We
used a pretested structure questionnaire through face to face interview. Cases were those
hypertensive patients who score ≥ 80% points of the Morisky medication adherence scale
and controls were hypertensive patients who score < 80% points of the Morisky medication
adherence scale. Consecutive sampling method was employed. Datawas entered into Epi
Data entry version 3.1software and exported to SPSS version 20, software for description
and analyze.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between
independent and dependent variables. Those candidate variables in bivariate analysis were
entered to multivariable logistic regression. Finally identified predictor of adherence at
P<0.05 with AOR and 95% CI
Result: A sample of 318 respondents, 157 case and 161 controls with response rate of 95%
and 98% respectively were participated in the study. The mean age for cases was 55 (SD
11.55) years and 54.9 (SD 12.65) for control group. Factors significantly associated with
adherence were not having co-morbidity (AOR =3.53, 95% CI: 2.05-6.09), knowledge about
hypertension and treatment (AOR= 3.96; 95% CI: 2.08-7.14), Attitude towards hypertension
disease and treatment (AOR= 3.89; 95% CI: 2.1-7.0), patient provide communication
(AOR= 2; 95%CI: 1.8-3.7).
Conclusion: predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medication were knowledge about
hypertension treatment, Attitude towards hypertension, patient provide communication and
co-morbidity. Therefor the Hospital should arrange educational program on hypertension
disease and its treatment, attitude about hypertension, on other co morbidity and follow its
implementatio
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