12 research outputs found
IMMUNO PROTECTIVE, ANTI-DIABETIC AND HISTOCHMICAL-ANTI OXIDATIVE ACTIVITIES OF L-CARNITINE, AND CALF THYMUS EXTRACT IN AGED MALE MICE.
No full textBackground: The mechanisms behind of immunosenescence have remained largely unknown in elderly. Some studies are referred the cause to that, L-carnitine is essential nutrient factor which it is important in transporting of long chain fatty acids to mitochondrial matrix, a process essential for fatty acid oxidation and energy release. The immunobiological properties of a new formulation of the lipid thymus calf extract (CYTOIMMUNE ?) were determined. Methods: In this study, the immunomodulatingeffect of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract were studied in aged male mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups, each group included ten agedmale mice. Group I, each mice was injected intraperitoneal (I.P.) with normal saline for 7 successive days. Group II, each mice was injected I.P. with L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. Group III, each mice was injected I.P. with calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. Group IV, each mice was injected I.P. with L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. Plus calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days. RBCs & WBCs count, PCV, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, total protein, globulin, albumin, interleukin2, ALT, AST& blood glucose were measured. Moreover, after slaughtering the animals , histological sections were taken from main internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney) to show internal changes of previous tissues and evaluated the protective and antioxidant properties by using the previous experimental preparations (L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg -b.wt. , calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. and combination of them). Results: Theinteraperiotoneal administration of L- carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt. calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. and combination between them. L-carnitine at dose 200 mg/kg b.wt.and calf thymus extract at dose 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 successive days had an improving effect on immune response, glucose level and hepatic marker enzymes as well as improving the histological architecture in the internal tissues (liver, kidney and spleen) and a significant increase in CAT(catalase enzyme), in liver and kidney. These results clearly show the antioxidant and protective property of experimental preparations
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic efficacy of pomegranate molasses versus peel extract against sodium nitrate hepatotoxicity in rats
No full textThe current research was performed to compare the efficacy of pomegranate molasses (PM) versus pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PPAE) in ameliorating the hepatotoxicity of sodium nitrate. The phytochemical screenings of PM and PPAE were analyzed using GC/MS. Sixty male rats were randomly assigned to six equal groups and treated for 10 successive weeks. The control group received distilled water orally, the PM and PPAE groups were orally administered PM (0.5 ml/rat) and PPAE (100 mg/kg), respectively, the nitrate group received sodium nitrate (500 ppm) in drinking water, the Nitrate+PM and Nitrate+PPAE groups received PM and PPAE, respectively with nitrate. Sodium nitrate-intoxicated rats showed significant elevations in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, significant increases in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide levels, as well as significant decreases in reduced glutathione content and catalase activity in hepatic tissues. Moreover, sodium nitrate caused histopathological alterations in the liver, along with significant increases in the expressions of caspase-3, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, tumor necrosis factor α, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 expression. Conversely, the concomitant administration of either PM or PPAE with sodium nitrate mitigated the biochemical, histopathological, and histochemical toxic effects induced by sodium nitrate intoxication. Accordingly, pomegranate molasses and peel extract exhibited similar protective effects against sodium nitrate-provoked hepatotoxicity, mainly via their antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities
Correction: Epidemiology and outcomes of early-onset AKI in COVID-19-related ARDS in comparison with non-COVID-19-related ARDS: insights from two prospective global cohort studies (Critical Care, (2023), 27, 1, (3), 10.1186/s13054-022-04294-5)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified that the collaborating authors part of the collaborating author group CCCC Consortium was missing. The collaborating author group is available and included as Additional file 1 in this article
Unveiling the Potential of Silymarin, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris towards Cardiotoxicity via Modulating Antioxidant Activity, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats
No full textThis study assessed the possible pharmacological effects of Chlorella vulgaris (Cg), Spirulina platensis (St), and silymarin (Sl) against thioacetamide (TA)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, with a focus on their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. The following is the random grouping of sixty male rats into six groups of ten animals each: the control (negative control), TA-intoxicated group (positive control; 300 mg/kg body weight (BW)), Sl + TA group (100 mg Sl/kg BW + TA), St + TA group (400 mg St/kg BW + TA), Cg + TA (400 mg Cg/kg BW + TA), and St + Cg + TA group (400 St + 400 Cg mg/kg BW + TA) were all administered for 30 days. At the start of the study, groups 2 through 6 were administered TA intraperitoneally at a dosage of 300 mg/kg BW for two consecutive days, with a 24 h gap between each dose, to induce cardiac damage. Blood samples were obtained to measure hematological parameters and perform biochemical assays, including lipid profiles and cardiac enzymes. For histopathology and immunohistochemistry determination, tissue samples were acquired. The current findings showed that TA injection caused hematological alterations and cardiac injury, as evidenced by greater serum levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, and total creatine kinase (p < 0.05), as well as significantly elevated serum malondialdehyde and decreased serum total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) concentrations. Moreover, an increase in blood low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05) was recorded in the TA group. There were alterations in the heart tissue’s histological structure of the TA group compared to the control ones. These alterations were characterized by vacuolar degeneration of myocytes, loss of cross striation, coagulative necrosis, and fibrosis of interstitial tissue, which was ameliorated by the supplementation of SI, St, and Cg. The TA-intoxicated group showed weak expression of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (p < 0.05) and strong immunoreactivity of tumor necrosis factor-α and B-cell lymphoma protein 2-associated X (p < 0.05). However, the groups receiving Sl, St, and Cg experienced the opposite. The administration of Sl, St, Cg, and St + Cg along with TA significantly improved and restored (p < 0.05) erythrogram indices, including RBCs, hemoglobin, total leukocytic count, lymphocytes, and monocyte, to the normal control values. The administration of Sl, St, and Cg alleviated the cardiotoxicity caused by TA via reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis in heart tissue. In summary, the current findings suggest that the treatment with Sl, St, and Cg was beneficial in ameliorating and reducing the cardiotoxicity induced by TA in rats
Potential Therapeutic Effect of ZnO/CuO Nanocomposite as an Acaricidal, Immunostimulant, and Antioxidant in Rabbits
No full textThe present study aimed to identify a safe and novel approach using zinc oxide/copper oxide nanocomposites (AZ) to enhance growth parameters, immunity, and fight Sarcoptic mange in vitro and in vivo in rabbits. In vitro: the acaricidal activity of AZ was assessed at concentrations of AZ-25: 2.5% w/w AZ/molasses, AZ-125: 12.5% w/w AZ/molasses, and controls (normal saline, molasses, and Ivermectin) every hour for seven hours under a stereoscopic microscope. In vivo: involved 40 rabbits (10 replicates/group). G1 served as the control negative group (normal un-infected rabbits), G2 served as the control negative group (infected rabbits), the animals in the G3 group were given a combination of AZ (40 mg/kg body weight (BW)) and molasses (5 mg/mL), and G4 served as the control to the vehicle; receiving molasses 8 mL/kg BW twice weekly for 6 weeks. Blood, serum, and tissue samples were collected at the middle and the end of the trial. AZ was made using the sonication sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to confirm the crystal structure, purity, particle size, and oxidation states. AZ showed immunostimulant, acaricidal, and antioxidant effects with normal tissue histological structure and low tissue residual levels. Additionally, there were improvements in blood interferon-gamma, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, globulin, and total protein in the AZ group. The XRD patterns of AZ were coordinated by XRD reference codes Crystallography Open Database (COD): 9016326 for Tenorite (CuO) and by XRD reference COD: 9004179 for Zincite (ZnO). The CuO and ZnO crystal sizes were 21.87 Å and 24.89 Å, respectively. The XPS spectra indicated the presence of Cu as Cu (II) and Zn as ZnO.OH and ZnO. In conclusion, AZ exhibited antioxidant, acaricidal, and immunostimulant effects, with mild residues in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues, while maintaining a normal histological structure of tissues
Next generation brain health: transforming global research and public health to promote prevention of dementia and reduce its risk in young adult populations
No full textEfforts to prevent dementia can benefit from precision interventions delivered to the right population at the right time; that is, when the potential to reduce risk is the highest. Young adults (aged 18-39 years) are a neglected population in dementia research and policy making despite being highly exposed to several known modifiable risk factors. The risk and protective factors that have the biggest effect on dementia outcomes in young adulthood, and how these associations differ across regions and groups, still remain unclear. To address these uncertainties, the Next Generation Brain Health team convened a multidisciplinary expert group representing 15 nations across six continents. We identified several high-priority modifiable factors in young adulthood and devised five key recommendations for promoting brain health, ranging from individual to policy levels. Increasing research and policy focus on brain health across the life course, inclusive of younger populations, is the next crucial step in the efforts to prevent dementia at the global level. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars (216 compared with 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was 195 for low FiO2 leading to a −15 to −1164 compared with 93 (95% CI: −65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this. © 2023 The Author
Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
No full text© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research
