4 research outputs found
MOCHTAR KUSUMAATMADJA SEBAGAI MENTERI LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA (1978-1988)
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan perjalanan karir dari Mochtar Kusumaatmadja serta peran dan kontribusi Mochtar Kusumaatmadja sejak diangkat sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis untuk membahas peran dan kontribusi Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. Metode historis merupakan metode penelitian yang menggunakan cara, prosedur ataupun teknik yang sistematik sesuai dengan asas dan aturan sejarah untuk menghasilkan tulisan sejarah. Dalam metode historis memiliki lima tahapan yaitu pemilihan tema, heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dalam menentukan tema penelitian, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan emosial. Kemudian peneliti mengumpulkan sumber yang sesuai dengan penelitian. Setelah mengumpulkan sumber, peneliti kemudian mengkritik sumber yang telah didapat. Selanjutnya penulis menafsirkan fakta dari sumber yang telah diverifikasi. Terakhir peneliti melakukan penulisan terhadap fakta yang telah didapatkan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini membahas peran dan kontribusi Mochtar Kusumaatmadja sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri sejak tahun 1978. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja mengawali karirnya sebagai dosen di prodi Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjajaran lalu menjadi guru besar Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjajaran hingga akhirnya Mochtar Kusumaatmadja diangkat menjadi Rektor Universitas Padjajaran pada tahun 1972. Lalu pada tahun 1957, ditunjuk sebagai perancang Deklarasi Djuanda, dan Mochtar banyak berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan diplomasi, termasuk keanggotaan dalam Konferensi Internasional Hukum Laut Pertama tahun 1958 dan Kedua pada tahun 1960 lalu pada tahun 1969 berperan sebagai ketua Tim Teknis Landas Kontinen. Sebagai ahli hukum, Mochtar dipilih Soeharto menjadi Menteri Kehakiman pada Kabinet Pembangunan II pada tahun 1974 hingga 1978. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja berhasil menjalankan tugasnya sebagai Menteri Kehakiman dan terpilih menjadi Menteri Luar Negeri selama dua periode pada tahun 1978-1983 dan 1983-1988. Sebagai ahli hukum internasional, jabatan Menteri Luar Negeri sangat cocok bagi Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. Selama menjabat Menteri Luar Negeri, Mochtar menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan luar negeri Indonesia, antara lain permasalahan manusia perahu Vietnam, dan berperan sebagai mediator penyelesaian permasalahan perdamaian antara Vietnam dan Kamboja sehubungan dengan invasi Vietnam ke Kamboja pada tahun 1979, serta menangani masalah Timor Timur dan melanjutkan perjuangan Gerakan Non-Blok, serta melakukan berbagai inisiatif lainnya. Yang paling berdampak bagi Indonesia adalah perebutan hukum laut internasional berdasarkan konsep negara kepulauan yang diperkenalkan oleh Mochtar Kusumaatmadja hingga disahkan dunia internasional pada tahun 1982.
Kata kunci: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, Menteri Luar Negeri, Hukum Laut
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The objective of this research is to describe the career journey, roles, and contributions of Mochtar Kusumaatmadja since his appointment as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. This research employs a historical method to analyze Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's roles and contributions. This research uses historical methods to discuss the career journey of Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. The historical method is a research method that uses systematic methods, procedures or techniques in accordance with historical principles and rules to produce historical writing. The historical method has five stages, namely theme selection, heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In determining the research theme, the researcher used an emotional approach. Then the researcher collects sources that are appropriate to the research. After collecting sources, the researcher then criticizes the sources that have been obtained. Next, the author interprets the facts from verified sources. Finally, the researcher wrote down the facts that had been obtained.
The findings of this research discuss Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's roles and contributions as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1978. His career began in academia. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja served as a professor at the Faculty of Law, Padjadjaran University, and was later appointed as Rector of Padjadjaran University in 1972. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's career commenced with his involvement in drafting the Djuanda Declaration in 1957. He actively participated in various diplomatic activities, including membership in the First International Law of the Sea Conference in 1958 and the Second Conference in 1960. In 1969, he served as the Chairman of the Continental Shelf Technical Team. As a legal expert, Mochtar was appointed by President Soeharto as Minister of Justice in the Second Development Cabinet from 1974 to 1978. He successfully performed his duties as Minister of Justice and was later elected as Minister of Foreign Affairs for two terms, from 1978-1983 and 1983-1988. As an international legal expert, the role of Minister of Foreign Affairs was highly fitting for Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. During his tenure, Mochtar addressed various foreign policy issues for Indonesia, including the Vietnamese boat people crisis, mediating peace between Vietnam and Cambodia following Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in 1979, addressing the East Timor issue, advancing the Non-Aligned Movement, and initiating other significant efforts. One of his most impactful contributions to Indonesia was advocating for international maritime law based on the concept of the archipelagic state, which was eventually recognized by the international community in 1982.
Keywords: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Law of the Se
Adenomyosis, Multiple, and Intraligamentery (Sacro Uterine) Fibroids: A Rare Case
No full textBackground: Uterine leiomyomata, often known as fibroids, are frequently accompanied by symptoms that are common to a variety of different pelvic disorders. When considering treatment choices, it is critical to correctly identify myomata and rule out other disorders, including malignancies. In this case report, the author emphasizes the difficulty in establishing a preoperative diagnosis and the actions taken during the operation.
Case report: Female, 46 years old, has three children who live with two children. She was complaining of left abdominal pain and penetrating to the waist. There were no complaints of defecation or urination. A mass in the lower abdomen, solid springy, and half of the symphysis center tend to the right with limited mobility. The preoperative diagnosis is pedunculated uterine myoma. It was decided to do a Supravaginal Hysterectomy and Bisalphingo-oforectomy. The pelvic cavity still looks bulging, and exploration was carried out to find uterine myomas of the intrasacrouterina ligament. Then, it was decided to do a Myomectomy.
Conclusion:Pedunculated uterine myoma intrasacrouterina ligament performed Supravaginal Hysterectomy and Myomectom
Empowering Unprosperous Communities Through A Creative Economy Based On Household Waste Processing
Get PDFStructural poverty experienced by underprivileged communities remains a complex social problem, characterized by limited access to jobs, skills, and markets. One strategic approach to addressing this issue is community empowerment through the development of a creative economy based on local potential. This study aims to describe the process of empowering underprivileged communities through creative economy activities, including program socialization, skills training, and product marketing. The study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through participant observation, structured interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques with data triangulation to increase the validity of the findings. The theoretical foundation of this study rests on the theories of community empowerment, the creative economy, and local potential-based capacity development. The results show that program socialization plays a crucial role in increasing community awareness and participation in the potential of the creative economy, particularly in the utilization of household waste. Hands-on skills training has been shown to enhance participants' creativity, technical skills, and confidence in producing marketable products. Furthermore, marketing strategies through digital marketing and the use of e-commerce platforms such as Shopee contribute to expanding market reach and increasing product competitiveness, despite the ongoing constraints of limited internet access. Overall, this study confirms that the integration of socialization, skills training, and marketing is a key factor in encouraging economic independence and the sustainable empowerment of underprivileged communities through the creative economy
"Working together" for peace and prosperity of Southeast Asia, 1945-1968: the birth of the ASEAN Way.
Get PDFThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is the first organisation of such scope in the region, and one of the oldest in the world. Explaining its longevity are the principles and working methods that have been embodied in the organisation since its inception in 1967. Amongst the most prominent, and least studied, of these has been the so-called ASEAN Way. This thesis traces the troubled origins of ASEAN as an organisation, and the place in it of this paramount principle. It does so by examining its watershed period, defined here as 1945-1968. This is achieved by focussing on the many sources of dissonance and disharmony that had characterised the Southeast Asian region
before ASEAN’s inception, and most strongly so in the Cold War period. Despite this, the thesis suggests, the countries of the region were constantly searching for ways in which some degree of harmonisation, and solid forms of working relations between quite diverse states, could be achieved.
The thesis looks at the historically important staging posts of regional cooperation by examining interactions between countries in ASEAN: the formation process of the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) and Maphilindo, both of which should be regarded as the forerunners of ASEAN, in addition to the formation of ASEAN itself. In the ASA, the practice of ‘consultation’ was regarded as important to ensure regional cooperation. The practices of ‘face-saving behaviour’ and ‘informality’ were added to these through the subsequent association of Indonesia, Malaya and the Philippines (Maphilindo). Maphilindo also introduced the idea of ‘working together’, this being written in its charter. In the period between the ending of the three-way dispute after the collapse of Maphilindo and the formation of ASEAN, the working method of ‘shelving thorny issues’, on which no compromise could be achieved, emerged. The thesis shows that the latter was first brought into the settlement process of the territorial dispute over Sabah, which was in important respects the catalyst for the formation of ASEAN. The thesis also looks at the settlement
process employed in the so-called Corregidor affair, which occurred only one year after the establishment of ASEAN, and was most important in shaping the working nature of the new association. In the course of the settlement process of the Corregidor affair, ASEAN first exercised in a loosely, and flexibly, integrated way all four of the above-mentioned practices, and did so under the overarching principle of ‘working together’; a notion that in some significant ways defines the ASEAN Way.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 201
