1,720,995 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cycling critical absorber materials of CdTe- and CIGS-photovoltaics: Material efficiency along the life-cycle
Full text linkChalcogenide (CdTe) and chalcopyrite (CIGS, CIS) photovoltaic (PV) production increased on average over a 100 % per year during the last decade. The used semiconducting compounds (II-VI, I-III-VI2 compounds and their quaternary and pentenary alloys) are especially suitable for solar cells due to their high absorption coefficient, their long-term stable performance and their fast processability. Due to their high absorption coefficient, very thin-layers (< 2 µm) are sufficient to absorb most of the useful spectrum of the light. However, used absorber materials such as indium (In) and tellurium (Te) are regarded as critical and their limited availability and their high costs can, to a certain extent, impede the deployment of those PV technologies. Therefore, this work analyses how efficiency measures along the life-cycle of CdTe- and CIGS-PV modules can reduce the net-demand for these materials. Efficiency measures include the decrease of the specific material content of the solar cell (i.e. amount of material per power), the decrease of the material input in production, the recycling of production waste, and the end-of-life recycling of PV modules. Several recycling technologies for CIGS- and CdTe-PV modules have been developed in the last years which recycle the thin-film materials. This work describes possible recycling paths based on proven recycling concepts. Afterwards it is estimated how much tellurium can potentially be recovered from CdTe-PV production and end-of-life waste to substitute for "primary" tellurium. Then there is an assessment of how material efficiency measures along the module's life-cycle can reduce the net material demand for CIGS and CdTe solar modules and thus the material costs. The results show that recycling technologies are sufficiently explored and commercially available, although they are not yet economically viable (costs exceed revenues). Should Te be recycled from end-of-life modules, the CdTe-PV industry has the potential to fully rely on recycled Te as of 2038. This is possible because demand begins to decline after 2020 despite market growth due to efficiency measures during production and at product level. If end-of-life modules were to provide 20% of the production feedstock, and 60-85 % of the material feedstock is used, then the costs for the technical grade Te could increase by 260 % and indium 430 %, respectively, and both technologies would still be competitive against crystalline silicon photovoltaics. However, in the long term the photovoltaic future might not rely on current critical materials but instead on low cost and more abundant materials such as iron pyrite or organics. Until then both CIGS- and CdTe-PV can support a high share of the photovoltaic market if the materials are used efficiently
Schließen von Stoffkreisläufen kritischer Rohstoffe durch das Recycling von Photovoltaik-Produktionsabfällen und -Modulen
No full textS.49-58Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der Ausbau der Photovoltaik (PV) durch die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit kritischer Rohstoffe wie Indium, Tellur oder Silber eingeschränkt werden kann. Durch ein Recycling von PV-Altmodulen und Produktionsabfällen können diese Stoffe zurückgewonnen werden und somit Stoffkreisläufe geschlossen, Ressourcen geschont und außerdem hohe Umweltbelastungen, die durch Rohstoffabbau und Raffination entstehen, vermieden werden. Welche Menge kritischer Rohstoffe in Zukunft zurückgewonnen werden kann, kann mit Hilfe einer dynamischen Materialflussanalyse (MFA) entlang der Lebenszyklusphasen ?Produktion?, ?Nutzung?, ?Aufbereitung/Recycling? und ?Entsorgung? der PV-Module beantwortet werden. Mit Hilfe einer MFA wurde gezeigt, dass der Materialbedarf für die Produktion ungefähr das Dreifache der eigentlich installierten Materialmenge beträgt. Allerdings können vom Produktionsabfall rund 80 % des Materials zurückgewonnen werden. Es ist zu erwarten, dass mit dem weiteren Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten und steigendem Modulabfall die Prozesse effizienter werden (lernender Fortschritt), so dass sich die Materialausbeute, die Effizienz der Produktionsverfahrenskette und die Rückgewinnungsraten der Recyclingverfahren höchstwahrscheinlich verbessern wird
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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