1,720,977 research outputs found
Modulation ROS/RNS dans le traitement de la sclérose systémique
No full textSeveral reports have suggested that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in SSc pathogenesis. SSc fibroblast from skin and internal organs overproduce ROS that trigger the proliferation of fibroblasts and the synthesis of type I collagen leading to the initiation and progresion of SSc. As in human SSc, skin fibroblasts from SSc mice constitutively produce large amounts of ROS. We have used this property to selectively induce apoptosis in the diseased fibroblast of SSc mice. Indeed, the organotelluride catalyst-(PHTE)2NQ and natural organosulfur compound – Dipropyltertrasulfide (DPTTS) are able of increasing ROS production by fibroblasts and inducing a lethal oxidative stress specificaly in SSc fibroblasts. This phenomenon has no impact on normal fibroblasts that present normal levels of ROS and a normal oxidant/antioxidant status. Many studies have also proved an importance of nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of SSc. In patients with SSc, the serum level of nitric oxide is significantly increased. Furthermore, NO can combine with other free radicals like superoxide anion (O•-2) to form the highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−) that contributes to inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis of endothelial cells. Production of NO by endothelial cells or by fibroblasts can be stimulated by angiotensin II, the main peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The level of angiotensin II is increased in SSc patients as well as in our HOCl mouse model and can promote proliferation of fibroblasts, fibrosis, and inflammation. These observations led us to test irbesartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (AT1 RA) in the murine model of SSc. A new animal model based on chronic exposure to ROS and with many similarities to the human disease, allowed me to study new therapeutic approaches in SSc based on the cytotoxic action of pro-oxidative compounds - (PHTE)2NQ and DPTTS - and on the anti- nitrosative effect of irbesartan. These new therapeutic strategies open interesting perspectives in the treatment of SSc, where the therapeutic arsenal is currently still limited.Plusieurs rapports ont suggéré que les formes réactives de l'oxygène (FRO) et d'azote sont impliquées dans la pathogénèse de la ScS. Les fibroblastes ScS de la peau et des organes internes surproduisent des FRO qui déclenchent la prolifération des fibroblastes et la synthèse de collagène de type I, conduisant à l'initiation et à la progression de la ScS. Le laboratoire a mis au point un modèle de souris ScS, induite par injections itératives de HOCl. Comme dans la ScS humaine, les fibroblastes de la peau de souris ScS produisent de manière constitutive de grandes quantités de FRO. Nous avons utilisé cette propriété pour induire sélectivement l'apoptose de fibroblastes de souris ScS. Le catalyseur organotelluride-(PHTE) 2NQ et le composé naturel Dipropyltertrasulfide (DPTTS) sont capables d'augmenter specifiquement la production de FRO par les fibroblastes et d’induire un stress oxydatif létal dans les fibroblastes sclérodermiques. Ce phénomène n'a aucun impact sur les fibroblastes normaux qui présentent des taux de FRO basaux faible et un statut oxydant / antioxydant normal. De nombreuses études ont également prouvé l’importance des espèces azotées dans la l’induction de la ScS. Chez les patients atteints de SSc, le taux sérique de l'oxyde nitrique est considérablement accru. De plus, le NO peut se combiner avec d'autres radicaux libres comme l'anion superoxyde (O•-2) pour former le peroxynitrite (ONOO-) qui est hautement cytotoxique et contribue à l'inflammation, la fibrose et l'apoptose des cellules endothéliales. La production de NO par les cellules endothéliales ou les fibroblastes peut être stimulée par l'angiotensine II, principal peptide de la voie rénine-angiotensine (RAS). Comme chez les patients atteints de sclérodermie, les souris HOCl/ScS présentent des taux sériques d'angiotensine II élevés, ce qui est favorable à la prolifération des fibroblastes, à la fibrose, et à l'inflammation. Ces observations nous ont conduites à tester les effets de l'Irbésartan, un antagoniste des récepteurs de l’angiotensine II de type I (AT1 RA) dans le ScS modèle murin. Un nouveau modèle animal basé sur l'exposition chronique à des ROS et présentant de nombreuses similitudes avec la maladie humaine, m'a permis d'étudier de nouveaux traitements de la ScS. Ces nouvelles approches sont basées sur l'action cytotoxique de composés pro-oxydants - (PHTE) 2NQ et DPTTS - et sur les effets anti-nitrosatifs de molécules comme l'Irbésartan. Ces stratégies thérapeutiques originales ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes dans le traitement de la ScS, où l'arsenal thérapeutique est actuellement encore limité
Modulation ROS/RNS dans le traitement de la sclérose systémique
No full textPas de résumé en françaisPas de résumé en anglaisPARIS5-Bibliotheque electronique (751069902) / SudocSudocFranceF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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