1,721,058 research outputs found
L'apocalisse dialogica. Forme e funzioni degli scambi di battute nella poesia italiana del Novecento
Full text linkLa tesi è dedicata allo studio dei dialoghi (scambi di battute diretti) presenti nei libri di poesia italiani del Novecento. Lo scopo che ha guidato il lavoro è stato quello di comprendere e definire il funzionamento di un dispositivo finora mai indagato in modo sistematico, tanto dal punto di vista teorico quanto dal punto di vista stilistico-espressivo.
L’analisi delle interazioni verbali ha portato a emergenza il fenomeno cha ha dato il titolo alla ricerca: con apocalisse dialogica ci si riferisce al fatto che l’espediente del dialogo emerga per indicare il fallimento stesso della comunicazione, nella misura in cui gli attori esercitano i rapporti in modo patologico e pragmaticamente disfunzionale. La funzione anti-dialogica agisce su livelli plurimi: strutturale (un esempio è il fenomeno del salto di turno), pragmatico (come le risposte con domanda di rimando, che di fatto non rispondono), del contenuto (si tratta, in particolare, della tendenza a battere su argomenti intrattabili, uno su tutti la morte), e relazionale (lo scambio si costituisce nel segno della conflittualità e della disconferma).
Il lavoro si divide in quattro macro-parti, per un totale di dodici capitoli: nella prima parte (capitoli 1-3), di carattere teorico-metodologico, vengono sviluppate alcune riflessioni generali sul rapporto tra dialogato e non-dialogato all’interno di un testo lirico, sugli attori del discorso diretto (anche in rapporto al soggetto dell’enunciazione) e sulle forme della relazione interlocutiva (capitolo 1); in seguito, viene presentato il concetto che dà il titolo al lavoro (capitolo 2) e individuato un modello di dialogo ideale (ossia finito e funzionale) su cui misurare la distanza teorica dagli episodi lirici del Novecento (capitolo 3). Le tre parti successive sono cronologicamente ripartite: la seconda parte (capitoli 4-5) considera gli autori novecenteschi che hanno contribuito alla fondazione della lingua dell’anti-dialogo (Pascoli e Gozzano); la terza parte (capitoli 6-9) si concentra sul ‘boom dialogico’ degli anni Sessanta (Luzi, Sereni, Montale, Fortini); la quarta e ultima parte (capitoli 10-12) su tre campioni di fine secolo (De Angelis, Bordini, Cavalli).
Per l’analisi si è seguito un criterio trans-disciplinare: gli strumenti tradizionali della stilistica, della retorica e della pragmatica sono stati integrati con quelli di discipline che si collocano nell’orizzonte della Filosofia e delle Scienze sociali; apporti fondamentali sono venuti dal repertorio concettuale delle teorie costruttiviste-costruzioniste (in particolare la Positioning Theory di Luk van Langenhove e Rom Harré), dalla teoria patica dell’enunciazione di Francesco La Mantia, dalla filosofia dell’intersoggettività, dall’interazionismo sociale di Erving Goffman e dalla psicoanalisi lacaniana; i fenomeni dialogici della lirica sono stati dunque trattati e classificati in un’intersezione disciplinare e secondo un criterio funzionale, cercando di comprenderne gli effetti e i ruoli (le forme e le funzioni) nel sistema poetico di ciascun autore. Infine, il lavoro di ricognizione e campionatura si protende verso un progetto più ampio, che supera i confini della poesia italiana del Novecento in direzione di una teoria lirica del dialogo.The thesis is dedicated to the study of the dialogues present in the books of Italian poetry of the twentieth century. The aim that guided the work was to understand and define the operation of a device never investigated in a systematic way, both from the theoretical point of view and from the stylistic-expressive point of view.
The analysis of verbal interactions has led to the emergence of the phenomenon that gave the title to the research: dialogical apocalypse refers to the fact that the expedient of dialogue emerges to indicate the very failure of communication, to the extent that the actors carry out relationships in a pathological and pragmatically dysfunctional manner. The anti-dialogical function acts on multiple levels: structural (for example, by skipping a turn), pragmatical (as the answers that do not respond), thematic (in particular, the tendency to return to intractable topics, such as death), and relational (the exchange is constituted in conflict and antagonism).
The work is divided into four macro-parts, for a total of twelve chapters: the first theoretical-methodological part (chapters 1-3) develops some general reflections on the relationship between dialogue and non-dialogued in a lyrical text, on the actors of direct speech (also in relation to the lyrical subject) and the forms of the relationship between the partners (chapter 1); later, we present the concept of dialogical apocalypse (chapter 2), and we identify an ideal model of dialogue (chapter 3), (i.e. finished and functional) on which to measure the theoretical distance from the lyrical episodes of the twentieth century. The next three parts are divided chronologically: the second part (chapters 4-5) considers the twentieth-century authors who contributed to the foundation of the language of anti-dialogue (Pascoli and Gozzano); the third part (chapters 6-9) focuses on the ‘dialogue boom’ of the sixties (Luzi, Sereni, Montale, Fortini); the fourth and final part (chapters 10-12) on three end-of-the-century cases (De Angelis, Bordini, Cavalli).
For the analysis, we have followed a trans-disciplinary criterion: the traditional instruments of stylistics, rhetoric and pragmatics were integrated with those of disciplines that fit into the horizon of Philosophy and Social Sciences; fundamental contributions came from the conceptual repertoire of constructivist-constructionist theories (in particular the Positioning Theory of Luk van Langenhove and Rom Harré), from the pathic theory of the enunciation of Francesco La Mantia, from the philosophy of intersubjectivity, the social interactionism of Erving Goffman and Lacanian psychoanalysis; The dialogical phenomena have been treated and classified in a disciplinary intersection and according to a functional criterion, trying to understand the forms and the functions in the poetic system of each author. Finally, the research leans towards a larger project, which goes beyond the boundaries of twentieth-century Italian poetry in the direction of a lyrical theory of dialogue
How I treat anal squamous cell carcinoma
No full text: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rising health issue, strongly related to other relevant medical conditions such as (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Correct assessment of patients with SCCA requires a multidisciplinary evaluation and adequate follow-up. Accurate local and systemic staging, as well as risk evaluation, are essential to optimal treatment planning. Early stage tumours can be definitively treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while salvage surgery is usually reserved for patients who develop local recurrence. Distant recurrence and de novo metastatic disease are associated with poorer prognosis and require palliative systemic chemotherapy, with different single agent and combination options available. Finally, recent discoveries on the carcinogenesis of SCCA have allowed the development of innovative treatment options, the most promising being immune checkpoint inhibitors. The limited systemic treatments for SCCA and low incidence of the disease, together with insufficient data from clinical research could explain the poor outcomes of these patients, which should therefore be managed in high volume centres and enrolled in clinical trials whenever possible. This article summarises the main strategies for treating patients with SCCA
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Predictive Modelling of Asphalt Concrete Functional Properties Using Multiple Linear Regression and Gradient Boosting
No full textDespite therelevance of the road infrastructure, the mechanisms governing the mechanicalproperties of asphalt concrete pavements, are currently not sufficientlyunderstood. Many empirical models of different complexity are proposed in theliterature; however, (i) they all have below high (R2 =0.85) predictiveaccuracy; (ii) they are inflexible; and (iii) their prediction uncertainty isseldom quantified. This M.Sc. thesis aspires to overcome these three majorchallenges. It focuses on the prediction of three important mechanicalproperties of asphalt mixes: stiffness, resistance to permanent deformation,and indirect tensile strength (ITS). The used data are part of the NL-Labproject and represent six road work projects for asphalt concrete bottom andintermediate layers. The number of data points available for the threeproperties ranges from 100 to 400. Two approaches are used to predict thefunctional properties: multiple linear regression (MLR), and a machine learningtechnique: gradient boosting (GB). For both approaches the root-mean-squareerror is used as loss function and 5-fold cross-validation is applied to ensurea balanced fit. It is demonstrated on the NL-Lab dataset that (i) GB canachieve high and very high predictive accuracy; (ii) it is sufficientlyflexible to capture complex non-linear relationships; and (iii) its predictionuncertainty is low and can be estimated at the same computational cost asfitting a GB model. The predictive accuracy of the GB model significantlyoutperforms that of the MLR. For example, for stiffness: R2GB = 0.96 vs. R2MLR= 0.62, and for ITS: R2GB = 0.82 vs. R2MLR = 0.72. It is shown that the averagestandard deviation of the prediction uncertainty of the GB model is less thanhalf than that of the MLR model. Based on the completed analyses GB is stronglyrecommended over MLR for modelling asphalt concrete functional properties. Tothe author’s knowledge, this work is the first application of GB to modelasphalt concrete functional properties and the first that developed high andvery high predictive accuracy models for these properties. The results arepromising and encouraging further research into this subject. Civil Engineering | Structural Engineerin
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