1,153 research outputs found
The principle of Ultra Vires and the local authorities’ decisions in England
No full textThe hypothesis of this thesis is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. Taking examples from local government in England, the author argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities - so in attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation and insufficient guidance, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions
Ill-Protected Portraits: Mathew Brady and Photographic Copyright
No full textThis article focuses on Mathew Brady’s attempts to use copyright to protect his photographs. For a time, Brady received so much credit in the press that his name became synonymous with all photographs of the Civil War. This prominence in the photography trade and in the public imagination makes Brady’s use of copyright an ideal case for considering the relationship between photography and authorship. The research of this study cites relevant archival sources, including copyright registration practices, copyright notices on printed photographs, and the case of Brady & Gibson v. Bellew (1865) to demonstrate deliberate attempts by Brady to protect his work from infringement, secure economic compensation, and to link his name legally with images he believed would have enduring value. While copyright ultimately failed to protect Brady’s long-term financial interests, part of his attribution strategy established him as a photographic “author” and ensured his name would remain linked with his photographs
Benchmarks for the Urban-PLUMBER model evaluation project Phase 1 (AU-Preston)
No full textAU-Preston benchmarks for the Urban-PLUMBER project
These timeseries data are associated with the study:
“Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban-PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results”
These are empirical models of various complexity used as benchmarks to evaluate land surface models in the project. The benchmarking process follows the methods in the PLUMBER project (Best et al., 2015).
Benchmarks
Physically based
Manabe_1T: A simple ‘slab and bucket’ model (Fig. 1a) based on physical principles (i.e. conservation of energy, mass and momentum). The impervious (built) fraction is simulated using a one-tile slab scheme (Best, 2005). For the pervious fraction a simple representation allows precipitation to fill a store which overflows when full, and otherwise freely evaporate (Manabe, 1969). At each timestep, the impervious and pervious tile outputs are calculated and aggregated with a weighted mean.
Empirical (out-of-sample)
REG1-SWdown: Linear regression with one variable (SWdown, e.g. Fig. 1b) is used separately to predict SWup, LWup, Qh, Qle, and Qtau. At night predicted values are constant where SWdown = 0.
REG2-SWdown-Tair: Two-variable (SWdown and Tair) linear regression (e.g. Fig. 5c) provides some information at night and more generally for variables closely dependent on temperature (e.g. Lwup and Qh).
KM3-SWdown-Tair-RH: Following PLUMBER’s conceptual arguments, three predictor variables (SWdown, Tair and RH data) are split into three (low, medium and high) to create 3^3=27 groups, for which independent regressions are trained. K-means clustering is used to determine the training data groups (e.g. Fig. 1d). To use this piecewise regression benchmark, at each time step the input data’s proximity to one of the 27 cluster centroids is determined to select the regression to apply. This benchmark equates to PLUMBER’s EMP3KM27 (Best et al., 2015), which based on common metrics outperformed all their participating land surface models when predicting sensible and latent heat fluxes across 20 sites.
Empirical (in-sample)
KM3-IS-SWdown-Tair-RH: This follows the KM3-SWdown-Tair-RH method, but trained with in-sample data only (i.e. AU-Preston). This should outperform an out-of-sample model because of the reuse of the forcing data, but performance is expected to degrade if applied to dissimilar conditions (i.e. another site).
KM4-IS-SWdown-Tair-RH-Wind: The k-means approach is applied again, but with an additional variable (wind speed), which increases the clusters to 81 (3^4) given the above rationale. Wind speed provides information that helps to predict turbulent heat and momentum fluxes.
Authors
Emperical benchmarks were developed by Mathew Lipson: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-1796
The physical benchmark was developed by Martin Best: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4468-876X
Co-authors for the associated manuscript are:
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Gab Abramowitz, Andrew Coutts, Nigel Tapper, Jong-Jin Baik, Meiring Beyers, Lewis Blunn, Souhail Boussetta, Elie Bou-Zeid, Martin G. De Kauwe, Cécile de Munck, Matthias Demuzere, Simone Fatichi, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Beom-Soon Han, Maggie Hendry, Yukihiro Kikegawa, Hiroaki Kondo, Doo-Il Lee, Sang-Hyun Lee, Aude Lemonsu, Tiago Machado, Gabriele Manoli, Alberto Martilli, Valéry Masson, Joe McNorton, Naika Meili, David Meyer, Kerry A. Nice, Keith W. Oleson, Seung-Bu Park, Michael Roth, Robert Schoetter, Andres Simon, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Ting Sun, Yuya Takane, Marcus Thatcher, Aristofanis Tsiringakis, Mikhail Varentsov, Chenghao Wang, Zhi-Hua Wang
References
Observational data
Lipson, M., Grimmond, S., Best, M., Chow, W., Christen, A., Chrysoulakis, N., Coutts, A., Crawford, B., Earl, S., Evans, J., Fortuniak, K., Heusinkveld, B. G., Hong, J.-W., Hong, J., Järvi, L., Jo, S., Kim, Y.-H., Kotthaus, S., Lee, K., Masson, V., McFadden, J. P., Michels, O., Pawlak, W., Roth, M., Sugawara, H., Tapper, N., Velasco, E., and Ward, H. C.: Data for “Harmonized gap-filled dataset from 20 urban flux tower sites” for the Urban-PLUMBER project, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7104984, 2022.
Benchmark references
Best, M. J., Abramowitz, G., Johnson, H. R., Pitman, A. J., Balsamo, G., Boone, A., Cuntz, M., Decharme, B., Dirmeyer, P. A., Dong, J., Ek, M., Guo, Z., Haverd, V., Hurk, B. J. J. van den, Nearing, G. S., Pak, B., Peters-Lidard, C., Santanello, J. A., Stevens, L., and Vuichard, N.: The Plumbing of Land Surface Models: Benchmarking Model Performance, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16, 1425–1442, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0158.1, 2015.
Best, M. J.: Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models, Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 114, 91–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-004-4834-5, 2005.
Manabe, S.: CLIMATE AND THE OCEAN CIRCULATION: I. THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND THE HYDROLOGY OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE, Monthly Weather Review, 97, 739–774, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1969)0972.3.CO;2, 1969
Correction to: The role of resection in hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC stage B: A multi-institutional patient-level meta-analysis and systematic review (Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, (2024), 409, 1, (277), 10.1007/s00423-024-03466-x)
No full textCorrection to: Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery (2024) 409:277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-024-03466-x. This article unfortunately contained a mistake. The author name ‘Mathew Vithayathil’ was incorrectly written as ‘Vithayathil Mathew K.’. The original article has been corrected
Measurement of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent production in the NOvA near detector
No full text© 2020 authors. Open access. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3..
WSU authors: Meyer, Holger; Muether, Mathew; Solomey, Nickolas. The complete list includes: Acero, M.A.; Adamson, P.; Aliaga, L.; Alion, T.; Allakhverdian, V.; Anfimov, N.; Antoshkin, A.; Arrieta-Diaz, E.; Aurisano, A.; Back, A.; Backhouse, C.; Baird, M.; Balashov, N.; Baldi, P.; Bambah, B.A.; Basher, S.; Bays, K.; Behera, B.; Bending, S.; Bernstein, R.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhuyan, B.; Bian, J.; Blair, J.; Booth, A.C.; Bolshakova, A.; Bour, P.; Bromberg, C.; Buchanan, N.; Butkevich, A.; Campbell, M.; Carroll, T.J.; Catano-Mur, E.; Childress, S.; Choudhary, B.C.; Chowdhury, B.; Coan, T.E.; Colo, M.; Corwin, L.; Cremonesi, L.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Davies, G.S.; Derwent, P.F.; Ding, P.; Djurcic, Z.; Doyle, D.; Dukes, E.C.; Dung, P.; Duyang, H.; Edayath, S.; Ehrlich, R.; Feldman, G.J.; Flanagan, W.; Frank, M.J.; Gallagher, H.R.; Gandrajula, R.; Gao, F.; Germani, S.; Giri, A.; Gomes, R.A.; Goodman, M.C.; Grichine, V.; Groh, M.; Group, R.; Guo, B.; Habig, A.; Hakl, F.; Hartnell, J.; Hatcher, R.; Hatzikoutelis, A.; Heller, K.; Himmel, A.; Holin, A.; Howard, B.; Huang, J.; Hylen, J.; Jediny, F.; Johnson, C.; Judah, M.; Kakorin, I.; Kalra, D.; Kaplan, D.M.; Keloth, R.; Klimov, O.; Koerner, L.W.; Kolupaeva, L.; Kotelnikov, S.; Kreymer, A.; Kullenberg, C.; Kumar, A.; Kuruppu, C.D.; Kus, V.; Lackey, T.; Lang, K.; Lin, S.; Lokajicek, M.; Lozier, J.; Luchuk, S.; Maan, K.; Magill, S.; Mann, W.A.; Marshak, M.L.; Matveev, V.; Méndez, D.P.; Messier, M.D.; Meyer, H.; Miao, T.; Miller, W.H.; Mishra, S.R.; Mislivec, A.; Mohanta, R.; Moren, A.; Mualem, L.; Muether, M.; Mulder, K.; Mufson, S.; Murphy, R.; Musser, J.; Naples, D.; Nayak, N.; Nelson, J.K.; Nichol, R.; Niner, E.; Norman, A.; Nosek, T.; Oksuzian, Y.; Olshevskiy, A.; Olson, T.; Paley, J.; Patterson, R.B.; Pawloski, G.; Pershey, D.; Petrova, O.; Petti, R.; Plunkett, R.K.; Potukuchi, B.; Principato, C.; Psihas, F.; Raj, V.; Radovic, A.; Rameika, R.A.; Rebel, B.; Rojas, P.; Ryabov, V.; Sachdev, K.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchez, M.C.; Seong, I.S.; Shanahan, P.; Sheshukov, A.; Singh, P.; Singh, V.; Smith, E.; Smolik, J.; Snopok, P.; Solomey, N.; Song, E.; Sousa, A.; Soustruznik, K.; Strait, M.; Suter, L.; Talaga, R.L.; Tas, P.; Thayyullathil, R.B.; Thomas, J.; Tiras, E.; Torbunov, D.; Tripathi, J.; Tsaris, A.; Torun, Y.; Urheim, J.; Vahle, P.; Vasel, J.; Vinton, L.; Vokac, P.; Vrba, T.; Wang, B.; Warburton, T.K.; Wetstein, M.; While, M.; Whittington, D.; Wojcicki, S.G.; Wolcott, J.; Yadav, N.; Yallappa Dombara, A.; Yang, S.; Yonehara, K.; Yu, S.; Zalesak, J.; Zamorano, B.; Zwaska, R.l; NOvA Collaboration.The cross section of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent production on a carbon-dominated target is measured in the NOvA near detector. This measurement uses a narrow-band neutrino beam with an average neutrino energy of 2.7\,GeV, which is of interest to ongoing and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The measured flux-averaged cross section is
, consistent with model prediction. This result is the most precise measurement of neutral-current coherent production in the few-GeV neutrino energy region.Document was prepared by the NOvA Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP user facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Department of Science and Technology, India; the European Research Council; the MSMT CR, GA UK, Czech Republic; the RAS, RFBR, RMES, RSF, and BASIS Foundation, Russia; CNPq and FAPEG, Brazil; STFC and the Royal Society, United Kingdom; and the state and University of Minnesota
The Elusive Quest for Value Neutral Judging: A Response to Redish and Arnould
No full textIn October 2012, the United States Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin and again faced the question of whether colleges and universities can consider race as a factor in admissions decisions to benefit minorities and enhance diversity. As was true when the Court last considered this issue in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003, the central question for the Justices was whether colleges and universities have a compelling interest in having a diverse student body. As I read the paper by Martin Redish and Mathew Arnould, I wondered how they would have the Court go about answering that question
BUDGETTICKS A MUST FOR THE GOVERNMENT
No full textSYNOPSIS The D.Litt Thesis herewith submitted, namely 'Budgetticks - A must for the Government'. This nature of research comes under the purview of the subject Public Administrations, which happens to be mine own discovery. Presently, there are huge problems in chalking out the yearly budget of the different countries in the present day world. Moreover, the countries which are in the arena of third world and underneath nations, this problem of framing of yearly budget has become a misnomer. The different Governments pertaining to such third world and underneath arena find the same, quite difficult in order to present their budget in thier respective Parliaments, or, before the Assemblies. In fact, there are no relevancies observed to-day, in between the different budgetary provisions (i.e. monetary provisions) and the resultant effects. Here, the Governments are meeting with their drastic failures in providing the people, which are very akin to maintain their lives and livelihoods towards, achieving a conducive sustenance. Here, Budget and its effects make no systematic impact in providing the people, their day to day necessities. Presently, most of the 3rd world and underneath nations are adopting the type of budget which are basically borrowed from the Britishers. During the colonial rule of the Britishers, they have imposed their ideas, their authority, responsibility, accountability, in the shape of forming the Governments, up to their own tastes. Unfortunately such Governments are not finding an outlet to be away from such unsuitable procedural ways as set up towards framing of the budget as made by the Britishers. Of course, partly the British system may have, some help to the capitalistic nations like U.S.A., U.K. and other European countries, but for the people of 3rd world and the underneath nations, this system only provides a distorted, hazy as well as quite an unsuitable order, in consideration to their geographical, social, political and anthropological behavioural orders.
Mathew J. McCormick v. Life Insurance Corporation of America : Brief of Appellant
No full textAppeal from the District Court of Salt Lake County, Utah, Martin M. Larson, Judge
Mathew J. McCormick v. Life Insurance Corporation of America : Brief of Respondent
No full textAppeal from the District Court of Salt Lake County, Utah, Martin M. Larson, Judge
New constraints on oscillation parameters from appearance and disappearance in the NOvA experiment
No full textPublished by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3. WSU authors: Cedeno, Alan; Meyer, Holger; Muether, Mathew; Solomey, Nickolas. The complete list includes: Acero, M. A.; Adamson, P.; Aliaga, L.; Alion, T.; Allakhverdian, V.; Anfimov, N.; Antoshkin, A.; Arrieta-Diaz, E.; Aurisano, A.; Back, A.; Backhouse, C.; Baird, M.; Balashov, N.; Bambah, B. A.; Bays, K.; Behera,
B.; Bending, S.; Bernstein, R.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhuyan, B.; Bian, J.; Blackburn, T.; Blair, J.; Bolshakova, A.; Bour, P.; Bromberg, C.; Brown, J.; Buchanan, N.; Butkevich, A.; Bychkov, V.; Campbell, M.; Carroll, T. J.; Catano-Mur, E.; Cedeno, A.; Childress, S.; Choudhary, B. C.; Chowdhury, B.; Coan, T. E.; Colo, M.; Cooper, J.; Corwin, L.; Cremonesi, L.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Davies, G. S.; Davies, J. P.; De Rijck, S.; Derwent, P. F.; Dharmapalan, R.; Ding, P.; Djurcic, Z.; Dukes, E. C.; Dung, P.; Duyang, H.; Edayath, S.; Ehrlich, R.; Feldman, G. J.; Frank, M. J.; Gallagher, H. R.; Gandrajula, R.; Gao, F.; Germani, S.; Giri, A.; Gomes, R. A.; Goodman, M. C.; Grichine, V.; Groh, M.; Group, R.; Grover, D.; Guo, B.; Habig, A.; Hakl, F.; Hartnell, J.; Hatcher, R.; Hatzikoutelis, A.; Heller, K.; Himmel, A.; Holin, A.; Howard, B.; Huang, J.; Hylen, J.; Jediny, F.; Judah, M.; Kakorin, I.; Kalra, D.; Kaplan, D.
M.; Keloth, R.; Klimov, O.; Koerner, L. W.; Kolupaeva, L.; Kotelnikov, S.; Kourbanis, I.; Kreymer, A.; Kulenberg, Ch.; Kumar, A.; Kuruppu, C.; Kus, V.; Lackey, T.; Lang, K.; Lin, S.; Lokajicek, M.; Lozier, J.; Luchuk, S.; Maan, K.; Magill, S.; Mann, W. A.; Marshak, M. L.; Matveev, V.; Mendez, D. P.; Messier, M. D.; Meyer, H.; Miao, T.; Miller, W. H.; Mishra, S. R.; Mislivec, A.; Mohanta, R.; Moren, A.; Mualem, L.; Muether, M.; Mufson, S.; Murphy, R.; Musser, J.; Naples, D.; Nayak, N.; Nelson, J. K.; Nichol, R.; Niner, E.; Norman, A.; Nosek, T.; Oksuzian, Y.; Olshevskiy, A.; Olson, T.; Paley, J.; Patterson, R. B.; Pawloski, G.; Pershey, D.; Petrova, O.; Petti, R.; Phan-Budd, S.; Plunkett, R. K.; Potukuchi, B.; Principato, C.; Psihas, F.; Radovic, A.; Rameika, R. A.;
Rebel, B.; Rojas, P.; Ryabov, V.; Sachdev, K.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchez, M. C.; Sepulveda-Quiroz, J.; Shanahan, P.; Sheshukov, A.; Singh, P.; Singh, V.; Smith, E.; Smolik, J.; Snopok, P.; Solomey, N.; Song, E.; Sousa, A.; Soustruznik, K.; Strait, M.; Suter, L.; Talaga, R. L.; Tas, P.; Thayyullathil, R. B.; Thomas, J.; Tiras, E.; Tognini, S. C.; Torbunov, D.; Tripathi, J.; Tsaris, A.; Torun, Y.; Urheim, J.; Vahle, P.; Vasel, J.; Vinton, L.; Vokac, P.; Vold, A.; Vrba, T.; Wang, B.; Warburton, T. K.; Wetstein, M.; Whittington, D.; Wojcicki, S. G.; Wolcott, J.; Yang, S.; Yu, S.; Zalesak, J.; Zamorano, B.; Zwaska, R.We present updated results from the NOvA experiment for and oscillations from an exposure of protons on target, which represents an increase of 46% compared to our previous publication. The results utilize significant improvements in both the simulations and analysis of the data. A joint fit to the data for disappearance and appearance gives the best fit point as normal mass hierarchy, , , and . The 68.3% confidence intervals in the normal mass hierarchy are , and The inverted mass hierarchy is disfavored at the 95% confidence level for all choices of the other oscillation parameters.U.S. Department of Energy; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Department of Science and Technology, India; the European Research Council; the MSMT CR, GA UK, Czech Republic; the RAS, RFBR, RMES, RSF, and BASIS Foundation, Russia; CNPq and FAPEG, Brazil; and the state and University of Minnesota. We are grateful for the contributions of the staffs at the University of Minnesota module assembly facility and Ash River Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Fermilab. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. DOE
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