1,721,073 research outputs found
Humiliation of Terrorism Victims: Is Human Dignity Becoming a ‘National Security Tool’?
No full textHow does dignity of terrorism victims find a place in the challenging balance between freedom of expression and national security? This chapter addresses the issue by examining how humiliation of terrorism victims is dealt with, from a legal point of view, in a few selected Western European countries. In particular, in some cases, ‘glorification offences’ encompass not only behavior such as the encouragement, praise, propaganda and exaltation of past terrorist acts, but they may also include (expressly, in some jurisdictions, for example Spain) the humiliation and contempt of victims of terrorism and/or their families. On the one hand, these limitations of speech aim at protecting victims’ dignity; on the other hand, they pave the way for potential abuses. More clearly, while freedom of expression is traditionally conceived as one of the main tools to guarantee human dignity, here, on the contrary, speech could entail gross violations of human dignity, since it humiliates terrorism victims and their relatives already affected by the terrorist violence. Consequently, by punishing the humiliation of terrorism victims, lawmakers protect human dignity, but, at the same time, act to reinforce national security. Therefore, a sort of ‘triangulation’ of the interests at stake can be envisaged, with the risk of functionalising the protection of human dignity to securitarian policies. This research aims to draw some guidelines in order to avoid such abuses and maintain limitations to freedom of expression within the constraints of the rule of law, whose essence should not be reshaped by the need to fight terrorism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Amicus Curiae brief by Professor Martin Scheinin in the case of 'Daniel Billy et al. (Torres Strait Islanders) v. Australia' by the UN Human Rights committee
No full textPublished online: 29 November 2022Abstract: Beginning of the executive summary.This Bonavero Report consists of an amicus curiae brief by Martin Scheinin, British Academy Global Professor at the Bonavero Institute, as submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the treaty body under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in the case of Daniel Billy et al. v. Australia (Communication No. 3624/2019). The case concerns adverse human rights impacts of climate change in the lives of indigenous Torres Strait Islanders. The Billy case is the first successful international human rights case regarding states’ treaty obligations regarding climate change. The complaint was declared admissible, and the state party Australia was found to have violated its positive human rights obligations under ICCPR Articles 17 and 27 regarding, respectively, the right to privacy, family and home, and the right of members of a minority – such as an indigenous people – to enjoy their own culture in community with other members of their group. The Committee’s reasons for finding the violations overlapped, so that also the Article 17 violation was related “to the traditional indigenous way of life of the authors, who enjoy a special relationship with their territory” (see, paragraph 8.10 of the Committee’s Final Views)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Toward a social compact for digital privacy and security
Get PDFExecutive summary
The Global Commission on Internet Governance (GCIG) was established in January 2014 to articulate and advance a strategic vision for the future of Internet governance. In recent deliberations, the Commission discussed the potential for a damaging erosion of trust in the absence of a broad social agreement on norms for digital privacy and security.
The Commission considers that, for the Internet to remain a global engine of social and economic progress that reflects the world’s cultural diversity, confidence must be restored in the Internet because trust is eroding. The Internet should be open, freely available to all, secure and safe. The Commission thus agrees that all stakeholders must collaborate together to adopt norms for responsible behaviour on the Internet.
On the occasion of the April 2015 Global Conference on Cyberspace meeting in The Hague, the Commission calls on the global community to build a new social compact between citizens and their elected representatives, the judiciary, law enforcement and intelligence agencies, business, civil society and the Internet technical community, with the goal of restoring trust and enhancing confidence in the Internet.
It is now essential that governments, collaborating with all other stakeholders, take steps to build confidence that the right to privacy of all people is respected on the Internet. It is essential at the same time to ensure the rule of law is upheld. The two goals are not exclusive; indeed, they are mutually reinforcing. Individuals and businesses must be protected both from the misuse of the Internet by terrorists, cyber criminal groups and the overreach of governments and businesses that collect and use private data.
A social compact must be built on a shared commitment by all stakeholders in developed and less developed countries to take concrete action in their own jurisdictions to build trust and confidence in the Internet. A commitment to the concept of collaborative security and to privacy must replace lengthy and over-politicized negotiations and conferences
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
