439 research outputs found
Temporal and spatial variability in speakers with Parkinson's Disease and Friedreich's Ataxia
No full textSpeech variability in groups of speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) and with Friedreich's ataxia was compared with healthy controls. Speakers repeated the same phrase 20 times at one of two rates (fast or habitual). A non-linear analysis of variability was performed which used some of the principles behind the spatio-temporal index (STI). The STI usually employs variation in lip displacement over repetitions of the same utterance and a linear analysis of such signals is conducted to represent the combined variation in spatial and temporal control. When working with patients, audio measures (here we used speech energy) are preferred over kinematics ones as they are minimally disruptive to speech. Non-linear methods allow spatial variability to be estimated separately from temporal variability. The results are tentatively interpreted as showing that PD speakers were distinguished from healthy control speakers in spatial variability and ataxic speakers were distinguished from controls in temporal variability. These findings are consistent with the speech symptoms reported for these disorders. We conclude that the non-linear analysis using the speech energy measure is worth investigating further as it is potentially revealing of the differences underlying these two pathologies
Attention biases and habituation of attention biases are associated with 5-HTTLPR and COMTval158met
No full textLonsdorf T, Juth P, Rohde C, Schalling M, Öhman A. Attention biases and habituation of attention biases are associated with 5-HTTLPR and COMTval158met. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. 2014;14(1):354-363
Warumb betrübst du dich mein Hertz/ bekümmerst dich und trägest Schmertz ...
No full text(von der Titelseite) Das Erste > Geistlich Morgenstern Das Ander Warumb betrübstu dich mein Hertz/ [et]c. Das Dritt Hertzlich Lieb hab Ich dich O Herr/ [et]c.Lied 1 stammt von Philipp Nicolai, Lied 3 von Martin SchallingSammlung Glu
Amygdala-dependent fear conditioning in humans is modulated by the BDNFval66met polymorphism.
No full textLonsdorf T, Weike AI, Golkar A, Schalling M, Hamm AO, Öhman A. Amygdala-dependent fear conditioning in humans is modulated by the BDNFval66met polymorphism. Behavioral Neuroscience. 2010;124(1):9-15
Επιγενετικές τροποποιήσεις στην σχιζοφρένεια
No full textEpigenetic misregulation is consistent with various non-Mendelian features of schizophrenia. To date, however, few studies have investigated the role of DNA methylation in schizophrenia. In this pilot study, we used LUMA (LUminometric Methylation Assay) to assess global DNA methylation level in peripheral leukocytes in 183 schizophrenic patients and 171 blood donors. We found evidence for global hypomethylation of affected samples versus unaffected (p< 0.0001) and interestingly patients with early onset of the disease presented lower levels of DNA methylation compared to the other patients (p=0.018). Bisulfite pyrosequencing, a quantitative method to assess site-specific gene methylation, revealed hypermethylation of 5-HTT and S-COMT in SZ patients (n=76 for 5-HTT and n=52 for S-COMT) compared to controls (n=84 and 52, respectively) (p=0.023 for 5-HTT and p=0.052 for S-COMT) with a gender effect among the patients. More specifically, male SZ showed a higher degree of 5-HTT DNA methylation versus females in CpG1 and CpG2 (22.83% vs 19.62%; r1=0.39, p1=0.0005 and 21.83% vs 19.88%; r2=0.24, p2=0.0341). In addition, a positive correlation between the degree of 5-HTT methylation and age was found among SZ individuals (p=0.033). Regarding S-COMT, female SZ appeared to have a higher level of methylation vs males (43.43% versus 40.3%, p=0.012). On the other hand, MB-COMT, PRODH and DTNBP1 promoter showed no degree of DNA methylation both in patients and controls
Did the Bundesbank React to Stock Price Movements?
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the relationship between stock returns and short-term interest rates. Identification of the stock return-interest rate relation is solved by using a new technique that relies on the heteroskedasticity of shocks to stock market returns. We suggest some improvements to the identification technique and its justification, as well as providing some new findings. In particular, we ask whether the Bundesbank, prior to the European Central Bank taking responsibility for monetary policy in 1999, reacted systematically to stock price movements. In contrast to the results for the US, our empirical findings for the 1985 - 1998 period show a positive, but statistically insignificant, parameter for the relationship between German stock returns and short-term interest rates at the daily frequency. The same result is found at the monthly frequency. Nevertheless, the confidence bands are wide enough that we cannot entirely exclude the possibility of a reaction at lower frequencies. The results are extremely robust to alternative methods used to identify changes in heteroskedasticity. The evidence is, therefore, inconsistent with the hypothesis of a systematic reaction of the Bundesbank to every wiggle in German stock prices. Both the historical and institutional evidence are supportive of this conclusion. -- In diesem Diskussionspapier untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Aktienkursveränderungen und Veränderungen der kurzfristigen Zinssätze. Die ökonometrische Identifikation dieses Zusammenhangs erfolgt mit Hilfe eines neuen Verfahrens, das die Heteroskedastie von Aktienkursveränderungen ausnutzt. Wir schlagen einige Verbesserungen und Rechtfertigungen zu diesem Verfahren vor und liefern neue empirische Befunde. Im Vordergrund der Betrachtungen steht die Frage, ob die Bundesbank vor der Übernahme der geldpolitischen Entscheidungen durch die Europäische Zentralbank im Jahre 1999 systematisch auf Veränderungen der Aktienkurse reagiert hat. Im Unterschied zu den verfügbaren Ergebnissen für die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, finden wir auf Basis von Tagesdaten zwar einen positiven, aber statistisch nicht signifikanten Parameter für die Reaktion des kurzfristigen Zinssatzes auf Änderungen des Aktienkurses. Auf der Grundlage von Monatsdaten ist der Parameter ebenfalls positiv und statistisch insignifikant. Die Konfidenzintervalle sind aber sehr breit, so dass eine Reaktion auf der niedrigeren Frequenz nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden kann. Die empirischen Resultate sind sehr robust gegenüber unterschiedlichen Modellspezifikationen. Die empirische Evidenz widerspricht somit der These einer systematischen Reaktion der Bundesbank auf jede Bewegung am Aktienmarkt, was durch die historischen und institutionellen Gegebenheiten gestützt wird.
Drey Schöne || Geistliche Lieder.|| Das Erste/ Hertzlich lieb hab ich || dich O HERR.|| Das Ander/ Der HERR ist mein || getrewer Hirt/ etc.||[v. Johannes Kolb aus Steinbach] Das Dritte/ GOtt helt bey seinem || Orden/ den er geschaffen hat.||
No full textPossible Implications for Gene-Environment Interaction in Anxiety Disorder
No full textLonsdorf T, Weike AI, Nikamo P, Schalling M, Hamm AO, Öhman A. Genetic Gating of Human Fear Learning and Extinction. Psychological Science. 2009;20(2):198-206.Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used model of the acquisition and extinction of fear. Neural findings suggest that the amygdala is the core structure for fear acquisition, whereas prefrontal cortical areas are given pivotal roles in fear extinction. Forty-eight volunteers participated in a fear-conditioning experiment, which used fear potentiation of the startle reflex as the primary measure to investigate the effect of two genetic polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and COMTval158met) on conditioning and extinction of fear. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, located in the serotonin transporter gene, is associated with amygdala reactivity and neuroticism, whereas the COMTval158met polymorphism, which is located in the gene coding for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a dopamine-degrading enzyme, affects prefrontal executive functions. Our results show that only carriers of the 5-HTTLPR s allele exhibited conditioned startle potentiation, whereas carriers of the COMT met/met genotype failed to extinguish conditioned fear. These results may have interesting implications for understanding gene-environment interactions in the development and treatment of anxiety disorders
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