294 research outputs found
Composition of landscape impacts the distribution of the main vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in southern Spain
No full text© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Applied Entomology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a harmful insect-borne plant pathogen that causes severe diseases to major agricultural crops and many forest, ornamental and uncultivated plants. The pathogen, native to the Americas, has recently been detected in Europe, where it causes huge agricultural losses. The effect of landscape composition on the distribution of the vectors of the bacterium in Europe remains little explored. The present study aims at identifying how landscape composition impacts the distribution of the spittlebugs Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris, which can carry and transmit the pathogen to plants and are considered to be the main vectors of Xf in the Mediterranean region. During the period 2015–2018, we thoroughly sampled the distribution of both species in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula. We characterized landscape composition in the sampling area by computing landscape metrics and fitted multivariate analyses and species distribution models (SDMs) to investigate spittlebugs’ response to climate and landscape structure. High densities of Mediterranean agro-forestry systems (named “dehesas” in Spanish), sclerophyllous vegetation and broad-leaved forests in the landscape, were positively associated with the presence of P. spumarius. Conversely, the high density of coniferous vegetation in the landscape was positively associated with the occurrence of N. campestris. For P. spumarius, SDMs accounting for ecologically relevant landscape descriptors yielded better predictive accuracy than models relying on climate only. These results highlight the importance of considering landscape information when modelling pests’ distributions and provide practical information to design landscape-informed monitoring plans to prevent the spread of Xf in Europe.Comunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: 2018-T2/BIO-11379; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: AGL2017-89604-RPeer reviewe
La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France de Godefroid Kurth (1847-1916). Historiographie de l’origine d’une controverse
No full textLa frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France of Godefroid Kurth (1847-1916). Historiography of the Origin of a Controversy.
Since the publication of La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France (1896-1898), the Belgian study of the historical origin of the demarcation between Germanic and Romance people cannot be written without referring to this fundamental work. The author, Godefroid Kurth contributed in shaping a historical object in regards to its methodological, chronological and topographical aspects. This work takes place in a national as well as European continuum. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the definition of a national identity is conceived according to criteria considered as scientific. In this configuration, the linguistic and racial elements were strongly mobilized. Our ambition with this paper is to go back to the redaction context of Kurth’s book, and thereby understand the sources of the historical but also topographical issue of the Linguistic Frontier in Belgium.Depuis la parution de La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France (1896-1898), l’étude belge de l’origine historique de la démarcation entre des peuples germaniques et romans ne s’écrit pas sans se référer à cet ouvrage pionnier. L’auteur, Godefroid Kurth, a ainsi contribué à structurer un objet historique aux points de vue méthodologique, chronologique et topographique. Ce travail s’inscrit cependant dans un continuum à la fois national et européen. Durant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, la définition d’une identité nationale se conçoit selon des critères jugés scientifiques. Dans ce modèle, les éléments linguistiques et raciaux sont alors intensément mobilisés. Notre objectif dans cette contribution est de revenir sur le contexte rédactionnel de l’ouvrage de Kurth et d’élucider, par ce fait, les sources du questionnement historique mais aussi topographique de la frontière linguistique en Belgique.La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France van Godefroid Kurth (1847-1916). Geschiedschrijving van de oorsprong van een controverse.
Sinds het uitkomen van La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France (1896-1898), kan de Belgische studie over de historische oorsprong van de begrenzing tussen Germaanse en Romaanse volkeren niet geschreven worden zonder verwijzing naar dit pionierswerk. De auteur, Godefroid Kurth, steunde zijn bijdrage op het structureren van een historisch probleem volgens methodologische, chronologische en topografische beschouwingen. Dit werk slaat zowel op nationaal als op Europees vlak. In de tweede helft van de negentiende eeuw geschiedt de definitie van een nationale identiteit volgens criteria die wetenschappelijk geacht worden. In deze aanpak staan taalkundige en rassencriteria centraal. Met dit artikel beogen wij een terugblik op de context van de redactie van Kurths boek, om, aldus, de oerbron van de historische en topografische vragen rond de taalgrens in België te begrijpen.Jottrand Maxime. La frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le Nord de la France de Godefroid Kurth (1847-1916). Historiographie de l’origine d’une controverse. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 95, fasc. 2, 2017. Histoire Médiévale, Moderne et Contemporaine – Middleleeuwse, Moderne en Hedendaagse Geschiedenis. pp. 369-399
Taking advantage of opportunistically collected historical occurrence data to detect responses to climate change: The case of temperature and Iberian dung beetles
No full textAbstract This study introduces a novel approach to leverage high‐resolution historical climate data and opportunistically collected historical species occurrence data for detecting adaptive responses to global change. We applied this procedure to the temperature data and the most comprehensive Iberian dataset of dung beetle occurrences as an illustrative example. To understand how populations of different species are responding, we devised a procedure that compares the temporal trend of spatial and temperature variables at the locations and times of all the occurrence data collection (overall trend) with the specific temporal trends among the occurrences of each species. The prevalence of various species responses is linked to life history or taxonomic characteristics, enabling the identification of key factors influencing the propensity to experience different effects from climate change. Our findings suggest that nearly half of the Iberian dung beetle species may be adversely affected by temperature increases, with a geographic shift being the most common response. The results generated through the proposed methodology should be regarded as preliminary information, serving to formulate hypotheses about the diverse responses of species to climate change and aiding in the selection of candidate species capable of coping with challenges posed by changing temperatures
Assessing the Risk of Invasion by Tephritid Fruit Flies: Intraspecific Divergence Matters
No full textWidely distributed species often show strong phylogeographic structure, with lineages potentially adapted to different biotic and abiotic conditions. The success of an invasion process may thus depend on the intraspecific identity of the introduced propagules. However, pest risk analyses are usually performed without accounting for intraspecific diversity. In this study, we developed bioclimatic models using MaxEnt and boosted regression trees approaches, to predict the potential distribution in Europe of six economically important Tephritid pests (Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet)). We considered intraspecific diversity in our risk analyses by independently modeling the distributions of conspecific lineages. The six species displayed different potential distributions in Europe. A strong signal of intraspecific climate envelope divergence was observed in most species. In some cases, conspecific lineages differed strongly in potential distributions suggesting that taxonomic resolution should be accounted for in pest risk analyses. No models (lineage- and species-based approaches) predicted high climatic suitability in the entire invaded range of B. oleae-the only species whose intraspecific identity of invading populations has been elucidated-in California. Host availability appears to play the most important role in shaping the geographic range of this specialist pest. However, climatic suitability values predicted by species-based models are correlated with population densities of B. oleae globally reported in California. Our study highlights how classical taxonomic boundaries may lead to under- or overestimation of the potential pest distributions and encourages accounting for intraspecific diversity when assessing the risk of biological invasion
E-sport, streaming, YouTube : les problématiques juridiques d’une nouvelle industrie du divertissement
No full textInternational audienceLa croissance de la plateforme Twitch a permis de mettre en lumière une pratique jusqu’alors plutôt confidentielle : l’e-sport. Cette audience a permis à un nombre croissant de personnes de vivre du jeu vidéo compétitif, celui-ci a pu être diffusé à très grande échelle, et entrer dans les habitudes de consommation culturelle française en tant que nouveau divertissement. Malgré tout, entre amateurisme des acteurs et mainmise des plateformes, les pratiques ayant cours dans ces milieux se font souvent au détriment de leurs acteurs principaux, et nécessite une étude plus approfondie : quelles spécificités présentent les métiers de la création de contenu autour du jeu vidéo en ligne dans leur reconnaissance juridique, dont dépend la construction de leur régime
Les poèmes du 2e cycle de la croisade : problèmes de composition et de chronologie
No full textThe composition and the date of the poems of the second cycle of the crusade are still in debate. MMr Cook and Crist think that a cyclical adaptator or a staff of tumblers using announces would have cast together independent songs such as the Godefroid, Baudouin de Sebourc, the Bâtard de Bouillon and the Saladin. They rejected from the cycle the Baudouin de Sebourc saying that the author would have known it only by hearing it. The eldest, the Bâtard de Bouillon would have influenced the Godefroid. The original Saladin would have two sources, an epic cycle and an Ernould including songs. Without dismissing the possibility that a lost recasting of the work could have brought the history up to Saladin's death, though previous facts, that are known to us, should have allowed the author of the Godefroid to draw from it a possible continuation, we think that the three other poems have been written — as we have them — by the author of the Baudouin de Sebourc. This author took — as he says himself — from the Godefroid the personage of Baudouin, the last of Rose's three sons chosen as the future king of Jerusalem (Baudouin II du Bourg). He wrote about his childhood, the « flower », expecting the time when he could gave the « flour » of it : his action, as he was king, in the Bâtard de Bouillon (nowadays incomplete), which is followed by the Saladin or Andrius of Chauvigny. He knows perfectly the cycle, but takes from it (and particularly from the incomplete Godefroid), only a few episodes, which he has reshaped to introduce them into a new history, in order to renew the interest of them. To this end, he uses Chronicles, a hagiographical legend, Marco Polo's book, reshaping them very freely.
But the three poems have three common points : misogyny, feudal state of mind, anticlericalism, importance given to money, and also a few subjects : some of them are traditional, and come from the cycle, such as the « Vengeance Jhésus Christ », some others are romantic, such as performance that only the best knight in the world can achieve. Allusions to well-known or actual facts keep up the interest, which explains that the Pas Saladin has been brought to England. The author is very hostile to the British : he wrote in a moment when crusade-spirit was overflowed by national passion, when bastards have become very useful, when literature smothered real history.
Our author's fancy, and risky cheerfulness, which are the same all along the text, lead us to think that this work was written by one author, and not by a staff. The crusade-cycle has been more developed than nowadays.The composition and the date of the poems of the second cycle of the crusade are still in debate. MMr Cook and Crist think that a cyclical adaptator or a staff of tumblers using announces would have cast together independent songs such as the Godefroid, Baudouin de Sebourc, the Bâtard de Bouillon and the Saladin. They rejected from the cycle the Baudouin de Sebourc saying that the author would have known it only by hearing it. The eldest, the Bâtard de Bouillon would have influenced the Godefroid. The original Saladin would have two sources, an epic cycle and an Ernould including songs. Without dismissing the possibility that a lost recasting of the work could have brought the history up to Saladin's death, though previous facts, that are known to us, should have allowed the author of the Godefroid to draw from it a possible continuation, we think that the three other poems have been written — as we have them — by the author of the Baudouin de Sebourc. This author took — as he says himself — from the Godefroid the personage of Baudouin, the last of Rose's three sons chosen as the future king of Jerusalem (Baudouin II du Bourg). He wrote about his childhood, the « flower », expecting the time when he could gave the « flour » of it : his action, as he was king, in the Bâtard de Bouillon (nowadays incomplete), which is followed by the Saladin or Andrius of Chauvigny. He knows perfectly the cycle, but takes from it (and particularly from the incomplete Godefroid), only a few episodes, which he has reshaped to introduce them into a new history, in order to renew the interest of them. To this end, he uses Chronicles, a hagiographical legend, Marco Polo's book, reshaping them very freely.
But the three poems have three common points : misogyny, feudal state of mind, anticlericalism, importance given to money, and also a few subjects : some of them are traditional, and come from the cycle, such as the « Vengeance Jhésus Christ », some others are romantic, such as performance that only the best knight in the world can achieve. Allusions to well-known or actual facts keep up the interest, which explains that the Pas Saladin has been brought to England. The author is very hostile to the British : he wrote in a moment when crusade-spirit was overflowed by national passion, when bastards have become very useful, when literature smothered real history.
Our author's fancy, and risky cheerfulness, which are the same all along the text, lead us to think that this work was written by one author, and not by a staff. The crusade-cycle has been more developed than nowadays.Duparc Suzanne. Les poèmes du 2e cycle de la croisade : problèmes de composition et de chronologie. In: Revue d'histoire des textes, bulletin n°9 (1979), 1980. pp. 141-181
Etude de la végétation des bords de route en région wallonne et en particulier en haute ardenne :phytosociologie, écologie, pédologie
No full textDoctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Contribution à l'étude des androgènes de synthèse
No full textDoctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
16S rDNA sequencing data for characterizing the endosymbionts of leaf curl plum aphid ( Brachycaudus helichrysi) clones
No full text<p>Asexual lineages often exhibit broad distributions and can thrive in extreme habitats compared to their sexual counterparts. Several hypotheses can be proposed to explain this pattern. Asexual lineages could be versatile genotypes with wide environmental tolerance, enabling their dispersal and persistence across large geographic areas. Alternatively, asexual genotypes could be ecological specialists that thrive in specific environments and outcompete relatives colonizing distantly related areas with similar conditions in the process. Several aphid species feature widespread obligate asexual lineages, commonly known as "superclones". Yet it is often unknown whether these clones are widespead ecological generalists or successful specialists. To explore these hypotheses, we examined climatic niche differentiation among six globally distributed obligate asexual lineages of the cosmopolitan aphid pest, <em>Brachycaudus helichrysi</em>. To insure that we were investigating the aphid genotype niche and not a by-product of their association with endosymbionts mediating thermal tolerance, we first verified that clones hosted similar endosymbiont communities. Subsequently, we conducted multivariate analyses on clone occurrence data on a worldwide scale. Our results revealed that despite their global distribution, <em>B. helichrysi</em> superclones occupy different climatic niches. This study represents the first evidence that aphid superclones distribution can be mediated by distinctive ranges of climatic tolerance.</p><p>Funding provided by: National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/003vg9w96<br>Award Number: </p><p>This data results from the sequencing of a 251 bp fragment of the 16S rDNA bacterial gene amplified in a worldwide sample of the leaf curl plum aphid pest (<em>Brachycaudus helichrysi</em>). The table with collection details is also attached to this data submission.</p>
<p>A total of 102 individuals, representative of six aphid clones and the diversity of their geographic distribution were used for characterising bacterial endosymbionts. Using DNA extracts from the individuals utilised for microsatellite genotyping in Piffaretti et al. (2013), we amplified a 251 bp portion of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Mizrahi-Man et al. 2013) and used targeted sequencing of indexed bacterial fragments on a MiSeq (Illumina) platform (Kozich et al. 2013) following the protocol described in Jousselin et al. (2016). Briefly, each DNA sample was amplified twice (replicates were conducted on distinct 96-well microplates). We also used negative controls (DNA extraction and PCR controls conducted on blank templates) to filter out bacterial contamination during laboratory procedures. A total of 216 PCR products (comprising DNA extracts and controls) were obtained. After purification of PCR products with a PCR clean-up and gel extraction kit (Macherey-Nagel), and quantified with the Kapa Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems). Paired-end sequencing of the DNA pool was carried out on a MISEQ (Illumina) FLOWCELL with a 500-cycle Reagent Kit v2 (Illumina).</p>
<p>We first applied sequence filtering criteria following Illumina's quality control procedure. We then merged paired sequences into contigs with FLASH V.1.2.11 (Magoč and Salzberg 2011) and trimmed primers with CUTADAPT v.1.9.1 (Martin 2011). We then used the FROGS pipeline (Escudié et al. 2018)to generate an abundance table of symbiont lineages across samples.</p>
<p>Escudié, F., Auer, L., Bernard, M., Mariadassou, M., Cauquil, L., Vidal, K., Maman, S., Hernandez-Raquet, G., Combes, S. and Pascal, G. 2018. FROGS: find, rapidly, OTUs with galaxy solution. - Bioinformatics 34: 1287–1294.</p>
<p>Jousselin, E., Clamens, A.-L., Galan, M., Bernard, M., Maman, S., Gschloessl, B., Duport, G., Meseguer, A. S., Calevro, F. and Coeur D'Acier, A. 2016. Assessment of a 16S rRNA amplicon Illumina sequencing procedure for studying the microbiome of a symbiont-rich aphid genus. - Mol Ecol Resour 16: 628–640.</p>
<p>Kozich, J. J., Westcott, S. L., Baxter, N. T., Highlander, S. K. and Schloss, P. D. 2013. Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. - Appl Environ Microbiol 79: 5112–5120.</p>
<p>Mizrahi-Man, O., Davenport, E. R. and Gilad, Y. 2013. Taxonomic classification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes using short sequencing reads: evaluation of effective study designs. - PLoS One 8: e53608.</p>
<p>Piffaretti, J., Clamens, A.-L., Vanlerberghe-masutti, F., Gupta, R. K., Call, E., Halbert, S. and Jousselin, E. 2013a. Regular or covert sex defines two lineages and worldwide superclones within the leaf-curl plum aphid (<em>Brachycaudus helichrysi</em>, Kaltenbach). - Mol Ecol 22: 3916–3932.</p>
Estimation du risque d’invasion d’arthropodes de quarantaine : rôle du climat, de l’histoire évolutive et des traits d’histoire de vie
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