71 research outputs found
: Le web dans nos pratiques et relations sociales
No full textInternational audienceQu’est-ce qu’internet ? Est-ce une révo- lution radicale de nos manières de vivre ? Beaucoup de discours accompagnent la diffusion des technologies et des applications nées avec internet : discours angéliques des concepteurs, qui nous promettent presque le bonheur grâce à internet ; ou discours pourfendeurs annonçant la fin de nos manières de vivre actuelles, l’asservissement de tous ou l’isolement de chacun devant son écran.Appuyé sur des enquêtes sociologiques minutieuses, ce livre entend rompre avec de telles visions. Il montre comment et dans quelle mesure internet a pris place dans nos pratiques les plus courantes. Qu’est-ce qui a changé dans les manières de faire des rencontres, d’échanger avec des proches, d’étudier, de jouer, de discuter, de draguer, de s’exprimer, de sortir avec des inconnus, et même de tricoter ?Ce livre révèle comment nos vies se sont ajustées à internet et comment, inversement, internet s’est adapté: ainsi démontre- t-il comment internet est devenu notre ordinaire. Finalement, comprendre le rôle et la place d’internet, c’est comprendre nombre de faits sociaux généraux.Dirigé par Olivier Martin et Éric Dagiral, enseignants et chercheurs en sociologie au Centre de Recherche sur les Liens Sociaux (CERLIS, Université Paris Descartes & CNRS), cet ouvrage comprend les contributions originales de Claire Balleys, Valérie Beaudouin, Marie Bergström, Vincent Berry, Dominique Cardon, Éric Dagiral, Thomas Cornillet, Caroline Datchary, Cédric Fluckiger, Laurence Le Douarin, Charlotte Le Van, Olivier Martin, Ségolène Petite, Anne-Sylvie Pharabod, Christophe Prieur et Vinciane Zabban
Caterpillars and Catalysts: A longitudinal Case Study of Writing Development in an Early Years Classroom Privileging Dramatic Pedagogies
No full textThis thesis explores the impact on children’s development in a preparatory school classroom, when dramatic pedagogies were privileged in the teaching of writing. Using a qualitative case study approach, which included a selection of five illustrative cases, children’s progress from role-play to phonetic users of the alphabet was examined. Data included the artefacts produced by the children, reading records, a journal of the year, and the transcripts of videos made of teaching sessions. A self-study of the researcher as an emerging drama teacher was included in the multi-case study, alongside the literacy stories of Edward, Lucy, James and Martin, all of whom were four years old at the beginning of the school year. The pedagogy included guided drama and puppetry events in which new aspects of literacy understanding and skill were progressively inserted. These events were followed by dramatic play periods where the sets, props, costumes and literate tools were freely available for the children’s use. Children were explicitly taught alphabetic skills with a synthetic, phonetic approach, and were encouraged to employ these skills for authentic and meaningful purposes within the drama events and in subsequent dramatic play.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Education and Professional StudiesArts, Education and LawFull Tex
Embeddings of maximal tori in orthogonal groups
No full textWe give necessary and sufficient conditions for an orthogonal group defined over a global field of characteristic not equal 2 to contain a maximal torus of a given type.CSA
Final Report of the Open Source Software Licence Task Force
No full textFollowing a proposal by the author of this report, the Heads of FP Department and IT Department, recognizing that the situation regarding Open Source Software licensing at CERN needed clarification, created the Open Source Licence Task Force (OSL Task Force) to formulate recommendations on which licence should be used for software developed at CERN. This document is the Main Volume of the final report of the OSL Task Force. It contains eight recommendations with their rationale. It is complemented by a separate Volume of Annexes and two operational notes (Instructions for Specifying the licence terms and Form to document OSL cases)
Unitary descent properties
No full textLet k be a field of characteristic /=2 and let W(k) be the Witt ring of k and L a finite extension of k. If L/k is a Galois extension, then the image of rL/k is contained in W(L)Gal(L/k) where rL/k:W(k)→W(L) is the canonical ring homomorphism. Rosenberg and Ware (1970) proved that if L is a finite Galois extension of odd degree of k, then rL/k:W(k)→W(L)Gal(L/k) is an isomorphism. In this paper, the author generalizes the Rosenberg-Ware Theorem to the Witt group of division algebras with involution. Let A be a finite-dimensional k-algebra and σ:A→A a k-linear involution. Considering nondegenerate Hermitian forms over free (A,σ)-modules of finite rank, one obtains a Witt group W(A,σ). Let L be a field extension of k. In the main theorem (Theorem 1.2), the author proves that if L/k is a Galois extension of odd degree, then the canonical map rL/k:W(A,σ)→W(AL,σL)Gal(L/k) is an isomorphism, where AL=A⊗kL and σL is the extension of σ to AL. In Section 2, the author proves the main theorem, Theorem 1.2, by the method of Knebusch and Scharlau. She also extends a descent result of M. Rost [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 14 (1999), no. 1, 55--63; MR1700870 (2000f:11043)] concerning Witt groups in arbitrary odd degree extensions. Descent questions for Hermitian forms and their relations to isotropy properties are also discussed as well as descent in Galois cohomology. At the end of the paper, an application is made to bilinear forms invariant by finite groups.CSA
An Analysis of Firms' Compliance to Minimum Wage Legislation
No full textIn this paper the author investigates firms' behaviour under minimum wage legislation and analyses the effect on employment and wages of different penalisation systems that may be used to enforce compliance with the law. In particular. he shows that additional fines imposed on repeated violations increase the degree of compliance among firms with no previous violations. Moreover, higher detection probability associated with more serious violations does not lead to full compliance but does result in higher wages. Thus, if the inspection efforts increase rapidly with the seriousness of the violation, then noncompliance may be reduced significantly
Characteristic polynomials of isometries of even unimodular lattices
No full textE. Bayer-Fluckiger gave a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial
to be realized as the characteristic polynomial of a semisimple isometry of an
even unimodular lattice, by describing the local-global obstruction, and the
author extended the result. This article presents a systematic way to compute
the obstruction. As an application, we give a necessary and sufficient
condition for a Salem number of degree or to be realized as the
dynamical degree of an automorphism of nonprojective K3 surface, in terms of
its minimal polynomial
CHEP04
No full textThe Architectural Principles of the Internet have dominated the past decade.
Orthogonal to the telecommunications industry principles, they dramatically changed
the networking landscape because they relied on iconoclastic ideas. First, the
Internet end-to-end principle, which stipulates that the network should intervene
minimally on the end-to-end traffic, pushing the complexity to the end-systems.
Second, the ban of centralized functions: all the Internet techniques (routing, DNS,
management) are based on distributed, decentralized mechanisms. Third, the absolute
domination of connectionless (stateless) protocols (as with IP, HTTTP).
However, when facing new requirements: multimedia traffic, security, Grid
applications, these principles appear sometimes as architectural barriers.
Multimedia requires QoS guarantees, but stateless systems are not good at QoS.
Security requires active, intelligent networks, but dumb routers or plain end-to-end
mail systems are insufficient. Grid applications require middleware overlay
networks, often with centralized functions.
Attempts to overcome these deficiencies may lead to excessively complicated hybrid
solutions, distorting the initial principles (the QoS Pandora box). Middleware
solutions are sometimes difficult to deploy (e.g for large scale PKI
deployment). “Lambda on-demand” technologies are conceptually nothing else than old
switched circuits, that we never managed to satisfactorily integrate with IP
networks.
Where is all this going? To help forming a vision of the future, the paper will
refer to several observations that the author has formulated over the past 30 years:
the “breathing law” (a succession of decentralization and recentralization phases),
the perpetual and oscillating mismatch of the bandwidth offer-demand, the
conceptual antagonisms between resource level and complexity, between scaling and
QoS
Record transfer of data between CERN and California
No full textOn 27 February 2003 the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), CERN, the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) broke a data transfer record by transmitting 1 terabyte of data in less than an hour across the 10,000 kilometres between CERN and Sunnyvale in California. The team sustained a transmission rate of 2.38 gigabits per second for over an hour, which is equivalent to transferring 26 CDs per minute. The record-breaking performance was achieved in the framework of tests directly linked to the DataGrid project, which involves the creation of a network of distributed computers able to deliver the unprecedented computing power and data management capacity that will be needed by the data-intensive experiments at the LHC. CERN's participation in these high-speed data transfer tests is led by IT division's External Networking team in the framework of the CERN-led European DataTAG project. Pictured here are some of the members of the CERN DataTAG project team and a member of the Caltech team who, together with their partners, are behind the record-breaking transfer of data between CERN and California. From left to right: Martin Fluckiger, Stan Cannon, Paolo Moroni, Sylvain Ravot (Caltech), Elise Guyot, Daniel Davids, Olivier Martin, Rosy Mondardini and Edoardo Martelli
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