2,555 research outputs found
Ingenieros para la paz, Militares para la guerra. Del Caribe al Sudeste Asiático (1748-1825).
No full textDepto. de Historia del ArteFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEpu
La intervención del Real Cuerpo de Ingenieros Militares en el cementerio erigido a extramuros de la ciudad de San Juan de Puerto Rico
No full textMuchos autores afirman que los arquitectos formados en la Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando fueron los encargados de diseñar y dirigir la construcción de la mayoría de los camposantos erigidos en la Península durante la Edad Moderna. Sin embargo, algunas fuentes gráficas y documentales localizadas en varios archivos nacionales e internacionales, permiten constatar la labor realizada por varios ingenieros militares en la construcción de los cementerios erigidos a extramuros de la ciudad en la Edad Moderna, con motivo de las mejoras sanitarias realizadas a comienzos del siglo decimonónico en todos los territorios de la Monarquía Hispana.Depto. de Historia del ArteFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEpu
FIGURE 1. A in Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico
No full textFIGURE 1. A, Map of the Gulf of Mexico (western Atlantic Ocean) showing sampling areas for Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov. Sampling stations: B, Mobile Bay (Alabama, U.S.A.) and off the mouth of the Mississippi River (Mississippi and Louisiana coasts, U.S.A.); C, off the coast of Campeche (Mexico).Published as part of Cepeda, Diego, Sánchez, Nuria, Sørensen, Martin V. & Landers, Stephen C., 2022, Leiocanthus quinquenudus sp. nov. and L. satanicus sp. nov., two new species of pycnophyid Kinorhyncha (Allomalorhagida: Pycnophyidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, pp. 315-336 in Zootaxa 5093 (3) on page 318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5093.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/590985
Supplemental Material - An examination of ‘instrumental resources’ in earmarked parental leave: The case of the work–life balance directive
No full textSupplemental Material for An examination of ‘instrumental resources’ in earmarked parental leave: The case of the work–life balance directive by Caroline de la Porte, Zhen Im, Brigitte Pircher, Nuria Ramos Martin and Dorota Szelewa in Journal of European Social Policy.</p
WP 91 - An overview of women's work and employment in Indonesia
No full textThe DECISIONS FOR LIFE project aims to raise awareness amongst young female workers about their employment opportunities and career possibilities, family building and the work-family balance. The lifetime decisions adolescent women face, determine not only their individual future, but also that of society: their choices are key to the demographic and workforce development of the nation. DECISIONS FOR LIFE is awarded a MDG3 grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs as part of its strategy to support the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals no 3 (MDG3): “Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women”. DECISIONS FOR LIFE more specifically focuses on MDG3.5: “Promoting formal employment and equal opportunities at the labour market”, which is one of the four MDG3 priority areas identified in Ministry’s MDG3 Fund. DECISIONS FOR LIFE runs from October 2008 until June 2011 (See "http://www.wageindicator.org/main/projects/decisions-for-life":http://www.wageindicator.org/main/projects/decisions-for-life). DECISIONS FOR LIFE focuses on 14 developing countries, notably Brazil, India, Indonesia, the CIS countries Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and the southern African countries Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Project partners are International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Union Network International (UNI), WageIndicator Foundation, and University of Amsterdam/AIAS. This report is part of the Inventories, to be made by the University of Amsterdam, for all 14 countries involved. All reports will be posted at the project website. In this country report on Indonesia the sequence of the sections differs from the table. The report covers mainly Activity nr 1.03, the Gender analysis regarding pay and working conditions (or, as Chapter 2 is called here, work and employment). Partly included (in section 2.4.1) is Activity 1.01, Inventories of national legislation; partly the analysis of national legislation has resulted in a separate product, the DecentWorkCheck for Indonesia. Activity 1.02, Inventories of companies’ regulations, will take place through a company survey. Preparations for Activities 1.03a and 1.03b have resulted in a number of lists, to be used in the WageIndicator web-survey for country-specific questions and their analyses (Chapter 3). References can be found in Chapter 4; Chapter 5 gives more insight in the WageIndicator. _The sectoral labour market structure – Formal and informal employment (2.3.2)_ Slightly over 30% of all employed and less than 28% of females is currently working in the formal sector. About 42% of the total labour force and 32% of the females are self-employed. In the early 2000s the informal sector absorbed the largest amount of new entrants to the labour market, but this reversed in 2003-04. _The sectoral labour market structure – Unemployment (2.3.3)_. In the course of the 2000s unemployment for women remained at a higher level than for men. Unemployment is highest among youngsters, with for girls and young women in 2008 an offi cial unemployment rates of over 18%. _Legislation (2.4.1)_. Indonesia has ratifi ed the core ILO Labour Conventions. Yet, for unions there are a number of serious constraints. on collective bargaining and declaring strikes. The ITUC remains highly critical of the country’s enforcement of labour legislation. Labour relations and trade unionism (2.4.2). Under Suharto’s New Order trade unions were disciplined, with (K)SPSI (con)federation as main vehicle of these policies. After the collapse of the Suharto regime the right to organise was restored. Since then, the union movement developed in highly fragmented direction. Union density can be estimated at 8-10% for the labour force at large. Women have a weak position in the union movement, though incidental successes in collective bargaining on behalf of women can be traced. _The statutory minimum wage (2.5.1)._ The statutory minimum wage structure is complex and not transparent. Though the minimum wage rates are based on cost of living calculations, after the gap between minimum living needs and (average) minimum wage levels has widened. Moreover, the informal sector is not included. Compliance and enforcement are weak. _Poverty (2.5.2)._ For 2005, it has been estimated that 53.8% of its population lived below the poverty line of USD 2 a day. From 1999 on, income inequality is growing. Official inequality seems low, but correction for varying consumption patterns brings Indonesia in the middle-high inequality ranks. The incidence of working poor is highest among casual workers, followed by unpaid and own-account workers. There may be a shift to urban poverty: in the 2000s the number of slum dwellers in the cities has increased strongly. _Health (2.6.2)._ In 2007, in Indonesia about 270,000 people lived with HIV/AIDS. Epidemics concentrate among injection drug users and sex workers. Health disparities are considerable, and government expenditure on health care is low. Women’s labour market share (2.6.3). The 2008 women’s share in the labour force was nearly 38%. It was highest in households (76%), health and social work (57%), restaurants and hotels (56%), and education (55%). In 2008 still about 40% of women employed worked in agriculture, followed by wholesale and retail (22%). 48% of female employees and 45% of the total female labour force worked in services, broadly defined. With 22% respectively 24% in 2008, the Indonesian shares of female legislators, senior offi cials and managers among employees respectively the labour force at large were rather low. _Agriculture (2.6.4)._ Problems of land fragmentation, poor bureaucracy and infrastructure still dog agriculture. Under the prevailing conditions it is unlikely that many young women living in urban areas and trying to make a career can rely on a “fall-back scenario” in which they can go back to their families living from agriculture. _Mining and manufacturing (2.6.5)._ About two million women are dependent on employment in low wagebased, labour intensive industries, but Indonesia’s share in these industries is falling. The prospects in manufacturing for girls and young women are not bright, maybe except for some professional and technical occupations. _Commerce (2.6.6)._ In the 2000s, commerce has expanded rapidly, though most recently the retail industry has suffered from falling purchasing power. Super- and hypermarkets continue to expand, with foreign investors playing major roles. In the course of the 2000s, wage rates and working conditions of retail workers seem to have deteriorated. _Services (2.6.7)._ Formal labour is quite limited in commercial services except commerce. Tourism is an important source of employment, also for women, but its groweth may be hampered by low wages, unfavourable working conditions and lack of professionalism. The fi nance sector remains comparatively small, with employment prospects for girls and young women in the sector remaining limited as well. Government (2.6.8). Since 2000, its size of public administration has been slimmed down, and in the process the already small female share has even declined to 20%. Average public sector wages are not extremely high, but still at the level of the finance sector. _Literacy (2.7.1)._ The adult literacy rates –those age 15 and over that can read and write—were in 2008 95.4% for men and 89.1% for women. The youth (15-24-year-olds) literacy rates were in 2006 97.0% for young males and 96.3% for young females. Education of girls and young women (2.7.2). Combined gross enrollment in education was in 2006 overall 68.2%: females 66.8%, males 69.5%. Net enrollment in primary education was in 2007 98%, with boys’ enrollment at 100% and girls’ at 96%. However, recent reports stress the poor quality of much of primary education. The drop-out ratio during the secondary school ages is considerable. The urban – rural divide is large in educational facilities, and is refl ected in lower enrollment and completion rates in rural areas. In 2007 tertiary gross enrollment was 18%, and equal for both genders. _Female skill levels (2.7.3)._ A larger share of female workers than males had no education at all completed but the share of working females educated at the three highest levels was also higher than that of men. The females aged 15-29 make the difference: by 2008 they had a higher average educational level than their male peers. As for Indonesia, about 2.5 million girls and young women can be estimated to belong to the DECISION FOR LIFE target group, as they work in commercial services in urban areas. About half of them did so in regular wage employment, with the other half working as self-employed, family workers or casual wage-earners. _Wages (2.8.1)_ Large income differences show up between workers of different type (employment status) and across industries. For both sexes the highest wages are paid in the fi nance sector, closely followed by public administration and utilities. With 23% the gender pay gap in Indonesia is still considerable. Working conditions (2.8.2). According to offi cial fi gures for 2009 over 9 million women are working more than 48 hours per week. Long working hours are in particular made by women in households (average 51.4 hours in 2008), wholesale and retail (49.2 hours) and hotels and restaurants (47.8 hours), and these averages were even prolonged between 2000 and 2008. _Population and fertility (2.6.1)._ Current population growth is estimated at 1.3% per year, and is still slowing down. With 2.2 children per woman, the total fertility rate is rather low. With an estimated 51 to 54 births per 1,000 women 15-19 of age, the adolescent fertility rate is in the low-to-moderate range worldwide. Indonesia is urbanising at high speed, with in 2008 52% living in urban areas.
CCDC 2001506: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textSAFZOS : N,N-dipropan-2-yl-P,P-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinous amide P-borane Space Group: P 21/c (14), Cell: a 17.1577(4)Å b 12.5115(3)Å c 18.7430(6)Å, α 90° β 99.706(1)° γ 90° Related Article: G. Bas Jong, Nuria Ortega, Martin Lutz, Koop Lammertsma, J. Chris Slootweg|2020|Chem.-Eur.J.|26|15944|doi:10.1002/chem.20200236
Neuroplasticity of spinal cord neurons based on piezoelectric stimulation and electrophysiological analysis after stem cell-derived progenitor transplant
No full textRepair strategies in the context of spinal cord injury cover a broad amount of fields. Different approaches have been considered ranging from the chemical, mechanical, pharmacological, material sciences, electrical and chemical engineering sphere. There is much interest in combinational therapies since many approaches yield promising results yet none is beneficial enough in functional terms. There is also a necessity of properly evaluate the improvement these therapies pose from a functional point of view and do it with sufficient resolution to target and invest in strategies with higher potential. This thesis is born with the interest of contributing to the spinal cord injury field at those two levels. On one side, I have developed an injury model and techniques to test the efficacy of a therapy for spinal cord repair as compared to controls. On the other, I have proposed a combinational therapy in the form of a scaffold that combines biomaterials and electrical fields to stimulate regeneration In the first part of this thesis, I have developed an animal model to test effectiveness of treatment by analyzing the electromyography signal of the intercostal muscles. The respiratory system is a good test bench, usually neglected in regeneration studies. I have used a mix of engineering approaches from signal processing to animal physiology analysis to provide the test with enough resolution to identify improvement. Then, I have proved the efficacy of the model by using a stem cell therapy. In the second part of the thesis, I have tested piezoelectric polymers as a useful platform to deliver electrical fields to neurons. I have shown the resulting increase in neuronal growth upon exposure to alternating electrical fields, in concrete, in neuronal branching. These results encourage the use of biocompatible piezoelectric polymers which are very versatile in nature, as a source for combinational therapies. Future studies will translate this in vitro model into an in vivo treatment which will be assessed with the strategy explained in the first part.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Maria Nuria Royo Gasco
CCDC 2001507: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textSAFZUY : catena-[(μ-phenyl(borane)phosphandiyl)-(μ-1,2-dimethoxyethane)-di-lithium] Space Group: P 21/n (14), Cell: a 12.4001(9)Å b 7.2198(7)Å c 14.7720(8)Å, α 90° β 94.983(3)° γ 90° Related Article: G. Bas Jong, Nuria Ortega, Martin Lutz, Koop Lammertsma, J. Chris Slootweg|2020|Chem.-Eur.J.|26|15944|doi:10.1002/chem.20200236
CCDC 2001505: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textSAFZIM : N,N-dipropan-2-ylphosphinous amide P-borane Space Group: C 2/m (12), Cell: a 11.7959(3)Å b 9.8864(2)Å c 8.6272(2)Å, α 90° β 90.1828(10)° γ 90° Related Article: G. Bas Jong, Nuria Ortega, Martin Lutz, Koop Lammertsma, J. Chris Slootweg|2020|Chem.-Eur.J.|26|15944|doi:10.1002/chem.20200236
CCDC 2001504: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
No full textSAFZEI : (1,2-phenylene)bis(phosphine) P-diborane Space Group: P b c a (61), Cell: a 9.2604(4)Å b 8.0989(2)Å c 26.4819(7)Å, α 90° β 90° γ 90° Related Article: G. Bas Jong, Nuria Ortega, Martin Lutz, Koop Lammertsma, J. Chris Slootweg|2020|Chem.-Eur.J.|26|15944|doi:10.1002/chem.20200236
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