1,721,062 research outputs found
De-manufacturing method and tool: the link between design and circular business models
Full text linkI modelli di business tradizionali sfruttano i giacimenti di minerali, metalli e risorse fossili come se fossero illimitate e reintegrabili, quali queste non sono. Questo atteggiamento è aggravato dalla recente crescita demografica ed economica dei Paesi in via di sviluppo, che ha portato i) all'aumento della domanda di beni industriali e di consumo in tutto il mondo, ii) al deterioramento permanente della qualità delle risorse naturali come acqua, aria e suolo. L'aumento dei consumi e la produzione insostenibile hanno gradualmente aumentato la pressione per modificare i comportamenti di produzione e consumo, soprattutto nel settore delle imprese, rendendo necessario il passaggio a un'economia circolare. Il de-manufacturing è una soluzione fondamentale per sostenere questa metamorfosi. Esso combina le strategie di fine vita di un prodotto introducento nella fase di progettazione considerazioni ad esse relative, accanto ai tradizionali driver di progettazione, quali sono quello economico, tecnico. Partendo dal de-manufacturing, il presente lavoro propone e applica approcci volti a supportare la fase di progettazione nel consentire strategie di fine vita valide e appropriate. Vengono sviluppati quattro strumenti per riscrivere il destino lineare dei prodotti esistenti e disegnare cicli circolari per i nuovi prodotti. Viene sviluppato un approccio trasversale per far creare un connubio tra le soluzioni tecniche e quelle economiche. I risultati dell'implementazione degli approcci e dell'utilizzo degli strumenti sviluppati mostrano effetti promettenti: lo strumento Durabot valuta dinamicamente la sostenibilità dei prodotti durevoli; PReSCoM trova nuove applicazioni per gli scarti dei materiali compositi, riducendo fortemente impatto ambientale di prodotto e di processo. Lo strumento DfD introduce feedback quantitativi per valutare la bontà della progettazione dal punto di vista ambientale. La matrice di correlazione sfrutta le potenzialità nascoste degli strumenti sopra citati e di quelli sviluppati per digitalizzare i processsi manufactturieri e i cicli vita dei prodotti, al fine di individuare come questi possano aprire nuove strade, verso una circolarità di prodotti e processi, che sia anche economicamente sostenibile. I quattro metodi sono distinti in reattivi, che si applicano ai prodotti già presenti nel mercato, e proattivi, che si concentrano sullo sviluppo di prodotti nati in ottica circolare. Talvolta si fa uso della metodologia del Life Cycle Assessment, e molteplici sono gli indicatori proposti nella fase di estrazione e interpretazione dei risultati dell'analisi. Questo mira ad ampliare la visione del mondo aziendale, che è sempre più incentrata unicamente sull'emissione di gas climalteranti: un numero crescente di aziende si impegnano a diventare carbon neutral, net-zero o climate positive, trascurando però le enormi sfide che la Terra e l'umanità stanno affrontando, la scarsità e la contaminazione di risorse in primis. I lavori futuri dovrebbero concentrarsi sull'estensione dell'applicazione degli strumenti a nuovi prodotti, nella loro validazione attraverso una procedura strutturata e sulla definizione di indicatori che valutino quando un'organizzazione è pronta a implementare un nuovo modello di business circolare.The traditional business as usual exploits the supply of minerals, metals and fossil resources as if they were unlimited and replenishable, but they are not. This attitude is exacerbated by the recent population and economic growth of developing countries that gives rise to i) increasing demand for industrial and consumer goods worldwide, ii) permanently damaged quality of natural resources such as water, air and soil. This heightened consumption and unsustainable production have gradually increased the pressure to change production and consumption behavior, especially in the business sector, making it necessary to shift toward a circular economy. De-manufacturing is a critical solution for supporting this metamorphosis. It enables the implementation of environmentally sustainable End of Life strategies e.g. reuse of components, especially when it is introduced in the design stage, next to the traditional drivers. Starting from the de-manufacturing principles, the present work proposes and applies approaches intended to support the design phase in enabling valuable and creditable EoL strategies. Four tools are developed to overwrite existing goods' linear destiny and sketch circular loops for new products. A cross-sectioning approach is developed to have technical solutions taking off in the economic one. Results show promising effects from implementing the approaches and using the developed tools: the Durabot tool dynamically assesses the sustainability of durable products; PReSCoM finds new applications for composite materials' scraps, heavily lowering their environmental burden. The DfD tool introduces quantitative feedback to evaluate the goodness of design from the environmental perspective. The correlation matrix exploits hidden potentialities of the above-cited and digitalization tools for the sake of economically sustainable circularity. All the approaches, both reactive and proactive, are meant to subsume all the challenges of the present economy. When the Life Cycle Assessment methodology is involved, multiple indicators are available for analysis. This effort contrasts the more and more companies that pledge to become carbon neutral, net-zero or climate positive, overlooking the huge challenges the Earth and humankind are facing (resources scarcity and contamination above all). Future works should focus on extending the application of the tools to new products, validate them through a structured validation procedure, and define the indicators that would evaluate when an organization is ready to implement a new CMBs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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