1,721,052 research outputs found
Il rapporto tra la fattispecie di reato di falsa perizia ex art. 373 c.p. e la nuova fattispecie di falsità in processo penale e depistaggio
No full textThe new crime of falsehood in the criminal trial and misdirection has been introduced in the Italian Legislation by the Law July 11th 2016, no. 133. The authors discuss about the applicability of the new offense even to the expert appointed by the court in the criminal trial, and if so, on what terms this crime is raised to that of false expert opinion and interpretation
Luci ed ombre delle polizze assicurative per responsabilità professionale medica con clausola claims made
No full textThe exponential increase in disputes within the context of professional responsibility of physicians has led to the introduction of new clauses to be included in insurance policies for civil liability, including the claims-made and loss occurrence clauses. Particularly, the use of both pure and mixed claims-made clauses is increasing among the Italian insurance providers. The peculiarity of such clauses lies in the period of cover, since the notice of a compensation claim must be received by the insurer during the coverage period. This paper aims to analyze the repercussions resulting from these new types of policies within our legal system, and, particularly, to highlight the views expressed in doctrine and case law precedents in the recent years
Malignant hyperthermia: A case report
No full textMalignant hyperthermia manifests clinically as a hypermetabolic crisis when a malignant hyperthermia-susceptible individual is exposed to a volatile anesthetic such as halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane or depolarizing muscular blockers such as succinylcholine. The condition shows autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance, and is mostly associated with mutations resulting in abnormal ryanodine receptor type 1 or, more rarely, dihydropyridine receptors. Exposure to triggering agents may lead to unregulated passage of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the intracellular space, resulting in an acute malignant hyperthermia crisis. Mortality from malignant hyperthermia in the United States was 16.9% in 2001 and 6.5% in 2005, but it is characterized by high morbidity. Therapy is based on suspension of the triggering agent and administration of dantrolene. Diagnosis is possible by biopsy using in vitro contraction tests or DNA screening for malignant hyperthermia. The authors present a case of malignant hyperthermia during myocardial revascularization through off-pump coronary artery bypass graft
Medico-legal and traumatological aspects of orbital fractures: A case report
No full textOrbital fractures account for 10-25% of all facial fractures. The etiology of such injuries can be traced to: acts of violence (36%), motor vehicle accidents (32%), falls (18%), sports injuries (11%), occupational accidents (3%) and gunshot wounds (2%). In 30% of cases, or-bital fractures are associated with intraocular complications, 11-15% of which are serious ophthalmic emergencies that may cause reduced visual acuity. In this paper, we report the case of a motorcyclist who was treated for complex facial fractures (orbital, sphenoid, ethmoid and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures involving the mastoid air cells and nasal conchae as well as the septum, nasal fractures and fractures in the pterygoid plates). After an initial diagnostic assessment, the doctors determined that the most criti-cal damage was caused by the trauma inflicted to the left orbital walls. An open reduction was therefore carried out on this injury about a month later. The trauma had caused, on the one hand, a marked alteration of the patient's facial appearance, and on the other hand, at a functional level, the onset of diplopia. This article analyses the long-term ef-fects of orbital fractures on the patients' physical fitness, considering the specific experi-ence from the clinical case reported. © EUROMEDITERRANEAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
75 years of forensic profiling: A critical review
Full text linkThe interest in characterization of drugs abused started in 1948 with the aim of determining the origin of opium. After 75 years there is still a great interest in this approach, called geo-profiling, chemical or forensic profiling in the following decades. Recently chemical attribution signatures (CAS) were proposed by the authors who studied “synthesis precursors and byproducts, impurities, degradation products, and metabolites in various biological matrices” of fentanyl. Forensic profiling evolved during these decades: new analytical approaches were tested and it was applied to more and more products, which threaten the health and security of citizens worldwide. In substances of natural origins (e.g. opium, cannabis and cocaine), it is possible to exploit the great variability of both elements and organic chemical compounds and to study chemical compounds such as reagents and solvents, by-products, and cutting agents used in the production chain. Profiles can be used to classify products from different seizures into groups of similar samples (tactical intelligence) or to determine the origin of samples (strategic intelligence). Chromatographic approaches coupled to mass spectrometry are very common to determine organic profiles, while elemental profiles are obtained by nuclear activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or ion beam analysis. A very important role in the field is played by isotope ratio analysis. Approaches to obtain forensic profiles are available also for chemical warfare agents, explosives, illegal medicines, doping agents, supplements, food. Chemometrics can be particularly useful to establish the authenticity of products and for the interpretation of large amount of forensic data. The future of forensic profiling is a challenge for forensic sciences. Organized crime is involved in the manufacturing of a large number of illegal products and forensic profiling is a very powerful tool to support the health of citizens and the administration of justice worldwide
Penetrating ocular trauma with retained intraocular foreign body: Management, follow-up and medico-legal evaluation
No full textOcular trauma is the leading cause of acquired monocular blindness, accounting for 1.97-6% of such cases. Particularly, penetrating ocular injuries are among the most common eye injuries with this kind of outcome. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial to avoid complications, and the especially dreaded enucleation. In this article, the authors describe the clinical management, and evaluate the visual and anatomical results obtained in a case of ocular injury with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in a 20-year old female patient. The course of treatment involved a combination of penetrating keratoplasty with a temporary keratoprosthesis, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy. At three years from the initial injury, the patient was able to count fingers at 30 centimetres and anatomical restitutio ad integrum of the globe had been achieved
Applications of forensic anthropology methodology: accuracy of virtual face reproductions performed on the Tenchini collection
No full textFacial reproduction validation uses the methodology typical of forensic anthropology to confirm the accuracy of three-dimensional reproductions of faces. Achieving high accuracy in virtual facial reproductions is still under study. In the present paper, the Tenchini collection, which contains wax reproductions of prisoners’ faces and their skulls, was used. By creating facial reproductions on skulls from this collection, the result was compared with the real face of the person to whom the skull belongs. The three-dimensional volume of each examined skull of Tenchini collection was acquired via CT scan and photogrammetry. Subsequently, the virtual reproduction of each skull was processed using three-dimensional graphics software (ZBrush, Pixologic®). The morphological comparison parameters used in the field of personal identification by forensic anthropology were used. The blind procedure required the operator to see the mask subsequent to the facial reproduction phase, so that the facial reproduction cannot exploit the information that knowledge of the mask would have produced. The parameters used in the study of facial reproductions have shown discrepancies between the characteristics of the masks and the facial reproductions, partly expected because due to the lack of soft tissue on the skull. However, a high degree of accuracy in the facial reproductions performed due to the applied methodology was documented. The present study allowed us to observe how these parameters can be useful to study the accuracy of facial reproduction and identify what difficulties are encountered in producing a result close to the real appearance
Femicide in a central Italy district (Southern Latium) in the period 1998-2018
No full textBACKGROUND: Violence against women is a major issue worldwide. This category of crime includes many subtypes such as verbal harassment and other forms of emotional abuse, physical or sexual abuse up to femicide. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines femicide as "murder of women because they are women,"even though broader definitions include any killings of women or girls. The aim of this study is to examine this widespread phenomenon. METHODS: The authors examined the murders of women analyzed by the Section of Forensic Medicine of the Tor Vergata University, Rome, from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2018. RESULTS: The sample involved in this study included 36 cases and 40 deaths. The victim was in most of the cases Italian and in 27% between 30 and 39 years old and in the 30% of the cases there was no underlying relationship with the murderer. The death was caused mostly by stab/slash wounds. CONCLUSIONS: This paper, based on the study of past cases at the Forensic Medicine Institute of the Tor Vergata University, concentrates on the one hand on the whole phenomenon of murdered women and on the other hand studies the profiles of the perpetrators of these crimes and their victims, so as to provide a better understanding of the context of the crime, how it was committed and also to supply supportive data for the investigation of the murderer's identity
Sleep disorders and driving licence: The current Italian legislation and medico-legal issues
No full textRoad traffic accidents (RTA) are a serious issue in all industrialized countries and have dramatic social and healthcare-related implications. Fatigue (sleepiness) is the principal identifiable and preventable cause of road traffic accidents. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and narcolepsy are two of the leading causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. In this article, the authors analyze the current Italian legislation regarding driving licence issuance and fitness to drive, in order to evaluate the potential implications of sleep disorders, particularly OSAS and narcolepsy. In European Legislation and in Italy, OSAS and narcolepsy are not included among the illnesses or invalidating conditions that limit the fitness to drive for driving licence issuance purposes. In fact, they are not included in the Annex III of the European Council Directive 91/439/EEC of the 29th of July 1991 on driving licences. Some Countries of the European Union (Belgium, France, Finland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden) had implemented the 91/439/EEC Directive with national restrictions on driving licence issuance policies in case of OSAS and narcolepsy. Given the well-established scientific evidence available, in Italy, the lack of legislation regulating the assessment of the psychophysical requisites for the issuance and renewal of driving licences of individuals affected by sleep disorders seems extremely worrying. Furthermore, the current lack of legal obligation in Italy for healthcare facilities to disclose such diagnoses to the organs responsible for issuing driving licences (such as the Motorizzazione Civile - the Department of motor vehicles) remains the subject of heated debate
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