294 research outputs found
Diet-induced obesity alters nerochemical code in enteric glial cells and injures enteric plexuses causing intestinal dysfunctions
No full textObjective: Alterations in intestinal motility and in gut mucosal barrier function, two gastrointestinal activities coordinated by the enteric nervous system (ENS), take place in metabolic syndrome. Since derangements
in the ENS have not been evaluated in obese subjects, iin this study we investigated the structural and neurochemical alterations in the enteric plexus during dietinduced obesity. Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice received either regular
chow diet (RCD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks.
Enteric plexus architecture was investigated by
immuno-fluorescence on ileal whole mount preparations.
Trans-mucosal resistance and neuromuscular
contractility of isolated ileal segments were evaluated
by Ussing’s chambers and pharmacological/electrical
(EFS) stimulation, respectively. Neurochemical code
was studied by quantitative RT-PCR in longitudinal
muscle myenteric plexus preparations and in cultured
enteric glial cells. Results: At the seventh week of diet, mice receiving HFD registered a significant increase in body weight gain and altered glucose tolerance test as compared to mice fed on RCD. HFD administration drastically reduced peripherin and HuC/D expression in the enteric neurons, affecting both neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Chat expression in myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Intestinal mucosal resistance decreased early during HFD administration (P = 0.01 vs RCD at 4 weeks). EFS-induced ileal contractility was significantly reduced at 6 weeks on HFD in a neuronally-mediated manner since contractions were completely abolished by TTX (1 microM). On the second week of HFD, the levels of glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA transcript were significantly reduced as compared to RCD fed animals. In cultured enteric glial cells interleukin 6 (10 ng mL)1) and stearic acid (20 micromol) significantly reduced GDNF levels. Conclusion: In summary following HFD administration, changes in ENS integrity and function develop before the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome. We speculate that dietary fatty acids and inflammatory soluble factors alter the neurochemical code in enteric glial cells driving the ENS neuroplasticity in obesity
Pemerolehan Kalimat Deklaratif, Interogatif Dan Imperatif Pada Anak Usia 4 Tahun (kasus Iin Zahiratul Maunah) Di Desa Sungai Panji-panji Kecamatan Kubu Babussalam Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Get PDFHumans in their lives obtain language from their environment and use language as a communication tool. Relating to language obtained by humans, language was introduced since the child was born. Components of acquisition the language that was first mastered by a child who acquired phonology, semantics and syntax. The acquisition of syntax in children is passed from a small matter especially first and continue to bigger things, meaning children master words, phrases, clause then sentence. A child will convey a message or desire in the form of news sentence, question sentence and command sentence. Problem in this research, namely: (1) Declarative sentence acquisition for 4-year-olds (the case of Iin Zahirotul Maunah)? (2) Obtaining interrogative sentences in children aged 4 year (case of Iin Zahirotul Maunah)? (3) Acquiring imperative sentences in children 4 years old (case of Iin Zahirotul Maunah)? The objectives in the study are related with the formulation of the problem. The theory that the author uses to answer the problem that is the theory of Indonesian Language Syntax from Chaer (2009: 187-199) and Echa the story of the acquisition of Indonesian children's language from Dardjowijojo (2000: 199-202). Ojek in this study namely declarative, introgative, and imperative sentences in children of age 4 years. The subject in this study was one child, Iin Zahirotul Maunah (IZM). Data sources in this study are all sentences spoken by Iin Zahirotul Maunah. The writing method uses the description method. Technique Data collection uses observation techniques, techniques, record techniques, techniques fishing rods, note taking techniques and matching techniques. The results of this study are 104 data from declarative sentences spoken by Iin Zahirotul Maunah, 45 data from interrogative sentences spoken by Iin Zahirotul Maunah and 15 data from sentences the imperative spoken by Iin Zahirotul Maunah
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The superluminous Type IIn supernova ASASSN-15ua: part of a continuum in extreme precursor mass-loss
No full textWe present a series of ground-based photometry and spectroscopy of the superluminous Type IIn supernova (SN) ASASSN-15ua, which shows evidence for strong interaction with pre-existing dense circumstellar material (CSM). Our observations constrain the speed, mass-loss rate, and extent of the progenitor wind shortly before explosion. A narrow P Cygni absorption component reveals a progenitor wind speed of ∼100 km s-1. As observed in previous SNe IIn, the intermediate-width H α emission became more asymmetric and blueshifted over time, suggesting either asymmetric CSM, an asymmetric explosion, or increasing selective extinction from dust within the post-shock shell or SN ejecta. Based on the CSM radius and speed, we find that the progenitor suffered extreme eruptive mass-loss with a rate of 0.1-1 M· yr-1 during the ∼12 yr immediately before the death of the star that imparted ∼1048 erg of kinetic energy to the CSM. Integrating its V-band light curve over the first 170 d after discovery, we find that ASASSN-15ua radiated at least 3 × 1050 erg in visual light alone, giving a lower limit to the total radiated energy that may have approached 1051 erg. ASASSN-15ua exhibits many similarities to two well-studied superluminous SNe IIn: SN 2006tf and SN 2010jl. Based on a detailed comparison of these three, we find that ASASSN-15ua falls in between these two events in a wide variety of observed properties and derived physical parameters, illustrating a continuum of behaviour across superluminous SNe IIn. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH PECAHAN DALAM BENTUK CERITA PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 5 PALOPO
Get PDFPada dasarnya penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pecahan, (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah pecahan dalam bentuk soal cerita. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu Kelas VII.1 sebanyak 20 orang yang diberikan tes awal, setelah pemberian tes diambil 2 orang untuk wawancara dimana siswa yang di wawancara adalah siswa dengan nilai paling rendah dengan tingkat kategori kesalahan tinggi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis kesalahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dalam menyelesaikan soal pecahan secara deskriptif diperoleh bahwa hasil tes siswa kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 5 Palopo, sebagian besar kesalahan ini dilakukan karena kesalahan dalam perhitungan dan kesalahan dalam penggunaan prosedur penyelesaian soal serta kesalahan karena tidak menuliskan kesimpulan jawaban dari soal. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri sebagai instrumen utama yang dipandu oleh tes pemecahan masalah dan pedoman wawancara yang valid. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Faktor penyebab kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pecahan yaitu: (a) siswa tidak menghafal perkalian dan siswa salah memasukkan data, (b) siswa kurang memahami dan merespon soal sehingga tidak tepat menuliskan diketahui dan ditanyakan, dan (c) siswa kurang teliti dalam perhitungan hasil akhir sehingga mengalami kesalahan dalam penarikan kesimpulan (kesimpulan hilang).
Kata-kata kunci: analisis, kesalahan, matematika, kriteria rosyidi
Hulevesisuunnitelma Iin Vihreään kortteliin
Get PDFTIIVISTELMÄ
Oulun seudun ammattikorkeakoulu
Maisemasuunnittelun koulutusohjelma,viheraluesuunnittelun suuntautumisvaihtoehto
Tekijä: Matleena Hallikainen
Opinnäytetyön nimi: Hulevesisuunnitelma Iin vihreään kortteliin
Työn ohjaaja: Ari Viiri
Työn valmistumislukukausi ja – vuosi: Kevät 2011 Sivumäärä: 80
TIIVISTELMÄ
Opinnäytetyön aiheena on hulevesisuunnitelman laatiminen Iihin rakennettavaan Vihreään kortteliin. Työn tilaajana toimii Iilaakso Oy. Vihreä kortteli on uudella asuinalueella sijaitseva pientaloalue, jonka kaikki asuinrakennukset suunnitellaan energiaystävällisiksi. Hulevedet ovat osa ekologista suunnittelua, joten niiden huomioiminen on luonteva ratkaisu Vihreässä korttelissa. Työn tavoitteena on laatia alueelle sopiva hulevesisuunnitelma. Suunnitelman avulla pyritään luonnonmukaiseen hulevesien käsittelyyn tonttikohtaisesti sekä lisäämään asukkaiden tietoisuutta hulevesien käytöstä.
Opinnäytetyössä perehdytään sekä suomalaiseen että ulkomaiseen kirjallisuuteen. Niiden avulla pyritään selvittämään hulevesien luonnonmukaiset käsittelymenetelmät mahdollisimman laajasti ja monipuolisesti. Kirjallisuuden avulla esitellään sekä erilaisia menetelmiä että myös esimerkkikohteita Suomesta ja ulkomailta. Esimerkkien tarkoitus on havainnollistaa mielenkiintoisia huleveden käsittelyratkaisuja asuinalueilla. Suunnittelualueeseen tutustutaan yhden maastokäynnin verran.
Työn tuloksena syntyy tarkennettu yleissuunnitelma, kaksi tonttikohtaista suunnitelmaa, leikkaus- ja havainnekuvia sekä ohjeistava teksti rakentajille. Suunnitelmaratkaisut koostuvat luonnonmukaisista käsittelymenetelmistä ja maanalaisista säiliöratkaisuista. Nämä menetelmät yhdistäen luodaan viihtyisä sadepuutarha asukkaille sekä mahdollistetaan huleveden käyttäminen esimerkiksi puutarhan kastelemiseen.
Suunnitelman myötä korttelin ekologisuus laajenee koskemaan rakennusten myötä myös tontteja. Maanalaisten säiliöiden ansiosta vesijohtoveden käyttö puutarhassa tulee lähes tarpeettomaksi. Lisäksi veden läsnäolo puutarhassa lisää puutarhan viihtyisyyttä sekä parantaa sen pienilmastoa.
Asiasanat: hulevesi, sadevesi, Iin Vihreä kortteliABSTRACT
Oulu University of Applied Sciences
Degree programme in Landscape planning, Option of Landscape design
Author: Matleena Hallikainen
Title of thesis: Run-off water management plan for Green block of Ii
Supervisor: Ari Viiri
Term and year when the thesis was finished: Spring 2011 Number of pages: 80
ABSTRACT
The subject of the thesis is planning a master plan for run-off water management in the Green block in Ii. The Green block of Ii is a residential area where all the residence are designed as environmentally friendly. As the run-off water is a part of ecological planning it is natural that it is included in the design. The aim of the thesis is to make a master plan of run-off water that is suitable for the area. The plan aims for organic run-off water treatment in the properties and to increase the residents´ awareness of the use of run-off water.
This thesis gets acquainted with both Finnish and foreign literature. Their purpose is to help discover the organic run-off water treatment methods as wide and versatile as possible. Through the literature study the variety of different methods and examples in Finland and abroad are presented. The examples are to illustrate intriguing run-off water treatment solutions in the residential areas. The planning site is being visited once.
As a result of the thesis there is a detailed master plan, the two plot-specific plans, cross- sections and illustrative images and an instructive text for the builders. Plan solutions consist of organic treatment methods and underground storage systems. By combining these methods the pleasant rain garden is created for the residents and also it enables the usage of the water for example for watering the garden.
With the help of the run-off water management plan the ecological perspective expands to cover the properties in addition to the housing. The use of tap water becomes nearly unnecessary thanks to the underground storage systems. The presence of the water in the garden increases the pleasure values of the garden and enhances its micro climate.
Keywords: run-off water, drainage water, The Green block of I
Creativity Iin Producing Practise
No full textThis Baccalaureate thesis aims to examine the creative component of Czech film producers' work: to what extent finished projects match the original ideas and which methods are used to maintain a direction in the development and realization stages of the film production. This work attempts to describe the types, methods, possibilities and tendencies of the producers' creativity, and also examine the creative part of their work in general.
Based on both historical and current analyses, case studies (both published and original ones) of individual films, and interviews of producers and directors, the author explores the producers' approach (choice of the film material, producers' visions, social and artistic ambitions) and their methods at individual production stages (how much freedom they give to the creative professionals and to what extent they intervene with the film's production). The author of this thesis then compares and contrasts the various film production styles and provides a comprehensive synthesis
Integrated argument-based inquiry with multiple representation approach to promote scientific argumentation skill
No full textANALISIS SEMIOTIK NASKAH DRAMA KAPAI-KAPAI KARYA ARIFIN C.NOER DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR APRESIASI DRAMA DI SMA
Get PDFDrama sebagai karya sastra bertujuan menggambarkan kehidupan dengan mengemukakan konflik dari emosi lewat lakuan dan dialog. Namun, tidak semua naskah drama sama dalam gaya penulisannya, masing-masing memiliki ciri khas tersendiri terutama bagi sang pengarang dalam menuliskan dialog untuk menyampaikan makna naskah tersebut. Banyak naskah drama yang ditulis oleh para penulis tersohor untuk dikenalkan kepada masyarakat serta manfaaatnya yang dapat dijadikan bahan ajar khususnya dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Namun, tidak semua peserta didik mengetahui makna tersembunyi yang ingin disampaikan penulis melalui dialog-dialog naskah tersebut. Peserta didik perlu mengetahui unsur-unsur drama serta menganalisis kaidah penulisan teks drama melalui kajian tertentu. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktural naskah drama dengan pendekatan Semiotik. Penelitian ini berupa kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi (content analysis), yaitu menggali isi atau mendeskripsikan gejala sosial yang terjadi. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dimamelalui, teknik pustaka teknik pembacaan tersurvey, terfokus dan verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, 3 komponen konsep Semiotik C.S Peirce pada naskah drama Kapai-Kapai sebagai berikut, ikon pada naskah drama ini adalah ujung dunia, indeks pada naskah ini adalah keterkaitan tokoh Abu dan Emak, terakhir simbol yang terdapat pada naskah Kapai-Kapai adalahh cermin tipu daya. Selain, struktur semiotik terdapat unsur intrinsik yang hasil keduanya dapat direlevansikan sebagai alternatif rancangan bahar ajar pembelajara Bahasa Indonesia di SMA.
Drama as a literary work aims to describe life by expressing the conflict of emotion through practice and dialogue. However, not all plays are the same in their writing style, each has its own characteristics, especially for the author in writing dialogue to convey the meaning of the script. Many plays written by famous writers to be introduced to the community and its benefits that can be used as teaching materials, especially in the learning of Bahasa Indonesia. However, not all students know the hidden meaning that the author wants to convey through the dialogues of the manuscript. Students need to know the elements of drama and analyze the rules of writing drama text through certain studies. Thus this study aims to analyze the structural drama script with a Semiotic approach.This research is qualitative by using content analysis method, which is to dig up the content or describe the social symptoms that occur. Researchers collect data through, surveyed, focused and verified reading technique library techniques. The result of this study is 3 components of the Semiotic concept of C.S Peirce in the Kapai-Kapai play as follows, the icon in this play is the end of the world, the index in this manuscript is the association of the characters Abu and Emak, the last symbol contained in the script Kapai-Kapai is a mirror of deception. In addition, the semiotic structure has an intrinsic element the results of both can be demonstrated as an alternative to the draft of Indonesian language learners in high school
Phenotyping and Genotyping of Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus
No full textBackground: Nystagmus can be a manifestation of ocular or systemic disorders. However, it may represent a separate disease entity by itself as in idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN). In 2004, Kerrison et al. localised the gene causing X-linked IIN to Xq26-27 (NYS1); however, the gene/genes causing IIN had not been identified.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were threefold.
1. To ascertain families and singletons (sporadic subjects) with IIN.
2. To further refine the locus NYS1 and to identify the gene causing X-linked IIN
3. To describe and compare the phenotype of subjects with IIN
Methods: 39 families and 78 singletons with nystagmus were recruited and phenotyped.
Genotyping with microsatellite markers were performed in the X-linked families to refine the genetic interval at Xq26-27. Gene sequencing was carried out by our collaborators (not by the author) at the Sanger Institute. The clinical features and eye movement recordings of 90 subjects with mutations in the FRMD7 gene were compared to 48 subjects with IIN not associated with mutations in this gene (non-FRMD7 group).
Results:
I: 149 familial subjects and 78 sporadic subjects with IIN were phenotyped. 121 subjects from 30 families were diagnosed to have X-linked IIN while 28 subjects from 9 families had other diagnosis such as albinism and aniridia.
II: Genetic mapping in 16 families with X-linked IIN, refined the critical interval at Locus NYS1 (Xq26-17) to a 9mB region between markers DXS8072 and DXS8094 which contained about 80 genes. High throughput DNA sequencing was carried out at the Sanger Institute which led to the discovery of FRMD7, mutations in which is associated with X-linked IIN.
III: The median visual acuity in subjects with a FRMD7 mutation was log MAR 0.301. The number of subjects with good stereopsis (Lang positive) was higher in the FRMD7 group (93.4%) compared to subjects in the non- FRMD7 group (78.4%). None of the subjects in the FRMD7 group had severe (>15˚) anomalous head posture (AHP) while 27% of subjects in the non-FRMD7 group had AHP more than 15˚.
52.17% of obligate female carriers of a FRMD7 mutation were clinically affected.
Discussion: This study identified the first gene causing idiopathic infantile nystagmus. The phenotypic characteristics of these subjects will help in clinically identifying subjects with IIN due to mutations in FRMD7. In addition it has generated a stage for further research into the mechanisms behind ocular motor control
Phenotyping and genotyping of idiopathic infantile nystagmus
No full textBackground: Nystagmus can be a manifestation of ocular or systemic disorders. However, it may represent a separate disease entity by itself as in idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN). In 2004, Kerrison et al. localised the gene causing X-linked IIN to Xq26-27 (NYS1); however, the gene/genes causing IIN had not been identified. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were threefold. 1. To ascertain families and singletons (sporadic subjects) with IIN. 2. To further refine the locus NYS1 and to identify the gene causing X-linked IIN 3. To describe and compare the phenotype of subjects with IIN Methods: 39 families and 78 singletons with nystagmus were recruited and phenotyped. Genotyping with microsatellite markers were performed in the X-linked families to refine the genetic interval at Xq26-27. Gene sequencing was carried out by our collaborators (not by the author) at the Sanger Institute. The clinical features and eye movement recordings of 90 subjects with mutations in the FRMD7 gene were compared to 48 subjects with IIN not associated with mutations in this gene (non-FRMD7 group). Results: I: 149 familial subjects and 78 sporadic subjects with IIN were phenotyped. 121 subjects from 30 families were diagnosed to have X-linked IIN while 28 subjects from 9 families had other diagnosis such as albinism and aniridia. II: Genetic mapping in 16 families with X-linked IIN, refined the critical interval at Locus NYS1 (Xq26-17) to a 9mB region between markers DXS8072 and DXS8094 which contained about 80 genes. High throughput DNA sequencing was carried out at the Sanger Institute which led to the discovery of FRMD7, mutations in which is associated with X-linked IIN. III: The median visual acuity in subjects with a FRMD7 mutation was log MAR 0.301. The number of subjects with good stereopsis (Lang positive) was higher in the FRMD7 group (93.4%) compared to subjects in the non- FRMD7 group (78.4%). None of the subjects in the FRMD7 group had severe (>15˚) anomalous head posture (AHP) while 27% of subjects in the non-FRMD7 group had AHP more than 15˚. 52.17% of obligate female carriers of a FRMD7 mutation were clinically affected. Discussion: This study identified the first gene causing idiopathic infantile nystagmus. The phenotypic characteristics of these subjects will help in clinically identifying subjects with IIN due to mutations in FRMD7. In addition it has generated a stage for further research into the mechanisms behind ocular motor control.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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