1,721,382 research outputs found
Transport visions: a young professionals’ perspective
No full textUK transport policy and practice is in transition. Traditionally a nation of road builders, we are now entering a transport future in which managing demand for transport networks and finding viable alternatives to the car as a means of travel are being developed and promoted. Integration is at the heart of the new transport agenda and involves integration both within and between modes and between transport and other areas. In recognising the importance of integration it is necessary to acknowledge the associated complex series of interactions and relationships that dictate the eventual success or otherwise of new policies and practices. The information and technology revolution, improved standards of living, new household structures and freedom of choice are just some of the contributors to a rapidly changing society. To accommodate such change there is a need to ensure that the transport debate that has taken place in the UK in recent years continues. Imagination, innovation and vision must be harnessed to explore the numerous possibilities for the future of transport and to attempt to identify the most suitable way forward. Contributions to the transport debate and to transport vision documents come predominantly from the ranks of senior professionals. Yet the young professionals of today will be the decision makers responsible for the shaping of transport at the beginning of the next millenium. This paper outlines the contribution that young professionals can make to the transport debate. In particular it describes the outcome of an initiative of the World Road Association (PIARC) to solicit transport visions from young professionals across the world. It then introduces a new initiative being led by the Transportation Research Group (TRG) at the University of Southampton and funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), namely the establishment of a Young Professionals’ Network which seeks to produce a series of thematic transport vision documents
Assessment of the Stop and Go function using real driving behaviour
No full textThe paper reports on initial findings concerning the assessment and design of the Stop-and-Go ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) functionality, which allows low speed distance keeping between successive vehicles. The work is part of the Motorway Operations project being undertaken in the UK, dealing with understanding driver behaviour, and assessing and designing existing and new types of ADAS. The research presented examines the suitability of current Stop-and-Go control algorithms by undertaking a comparison between output from a micro-simulation model and time series data collected using an instrumented vehicle deployed during rush hour on the A35 in Southampton in the UK. The paper focuses on the impact of differing acceleration/deceleration policies, as well as examining how the algorithm copes with the sharp decelerations required during shockwaves. The paper concludes that unassisted drivers react earlier than the current algorithm, perhaps due to anticipation. More complex algorithms may need to be applied to match human performance in the complex low speed environmen
Deployment of inter-urban ATT test scenarios (DIATS): implications for the European road network
No full textThe paper summarizes the research results and implications from the DGVII-funded Fourth Framework research project Deployment of Interurban ATT Test Scenarios (DIATS). The objective of DIATS was to identify options available in the short and medium terms, for implementing advanced transport telematics (ATT) systems for motorway-type roads and to develop scenarios of 'highest potential impact' for each of the systems identified. Included are the results of a Delphi study into the most likely deployment scenarios for ATT technologies. The methodology developed to assess the organizational, social, environmental, efficiency, safety and legal concerns associated with new ATT systems is then described. This includes stated preference questionnaires, traffic simulation modelling, driver behaviour assessment using an instrumented vehicle, analysis of accident databases and literature reviews. A multicriteria analysis of the impacts of a range of ATT systems is then presented. In particular, the results discuss the potential impacts of new in-vehicle driver assistance devices such as adaptive cruise control on the operation and effectiveness of existing fixed-infrastructure systems. The paper concludes with a prioritized list of deployment strategies of maximum impact for all of the systems assessed. The research findings are already being applied nationally and a number of field trial assessments that will assist in this are also proposed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Infrastructure and transportation in the twenty-first century-ever-increasing circles?
Full text linkUnderstanding and controlling travel demand is one of the great challenges for the twenty-first century. This paper has been prepared in the wake of the first UK Transport White Paper for some 20 years which has sought to reconcile a multitude of requirements that society has from transport. The paper does not offer an alternative White Paper but aims to highlight the key themes that will shape the future of transport and to propose options and visions for the twenty-first century. In so doing, the intention is to deliver some fresh thinking into the transport debate that will serve as a catalyst for future, perhaps fruitful, discussion.<br/
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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