1,720,953 research outputs found
Relatórios de Estágio e Monografia Intitulada "Hidrogel termossensível incorporado com nanopartículas de PLGA contendo clobetasol para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias da pele: desenvolvimento e caracterização da formulação"
No full textRelatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de FarmáciaInflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, can significantly impact patients' quality of life due to symptoms caused by an overactive immune response. Clobetasol, a potent corticosteroid drug, is commonly used to relieve these symptoms by reducing inflammation and suppressing immune responses. However, prolonged use can lead to adverse effects such as skin atrophy, hypopigmentation and Cushing-like syndrome. To tackle these issues, nanotechnology has been extensively used to enhance drug strength, stability, and controlled release, offering a higher therapeutic efficacy and safety. Hence, in this work, clobetasol-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were developed for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation using PLGA (polymer), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, stabilizer), acetone (solvent), and clobetasol (drug). Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) were determined using a Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus. The resultant optimized nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 232 ± 20 nm, PDI of 0.18 ± 0.06, and a slightly negative surface charge (- 6.94 ± 2.55 mV), as expected due to the ester terminal of the PLGA. The incorporation of clobetasol did not lead to a significant alteration in these characteristics. The current data shows that it was possible to develop small (size range between 100 and 400 nm) and homogeneous (PDI below 0.3) PLGA nanoparticles,which are properties predictive of optimal topical drug absorption. Thermosensitive hydrogels were successfully formulated using the cold method for the incorporation of clobetasol-loaded nanoparticles. The selected hydrogel exhibited an average gelation temperature (32.33 ± 0.58ºC) identical to skin temperature. In vitro studies revealed controlled release of the clobetasol-loaded nanoparticles, as well as the clobetasol nanoparticles incorporated hydrogel, the latter with a lower cumulative percentage. Therefore, the clobetasol-loaded nanoparticles and the clobetasol-nanoparticles incorporated hydrogel presented a controlled release, which is advantageous for minimizing the clobetasol side effects, constituting a potential innovative therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.As doenças inflamatórias da pele, como a dermatite atópica e a psoríase, exercem um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos doentes devido aos sintomas associados a uma resposta imunológica exacerbada. O clobetasol, um corticosteroide potente, é frequentemente utilizado para aliviar estes sintomas, promovendo a diminuição da inflamação e supressão das respostas imunológicas. Contudo, o seu uso prolongado está associado a efeitos adversos, como atrofia cutânea, hipopigmentação e síndrome de Cushing. De forma a minimizar estes riscos, a nanotecnologia tem sido extensivamente aplicada com o objetivo de melhorar a eficácia e estabilidade, e a conduzir a uma libertação controlada do fármaco, promovendo uma maior segurança da terapêutica. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver nanopartículas de ácido poli(lático-co-glicólico) (PLGA) incorporadas comclobetasol para o tratamento tópico de doenças inflamatórias da pele. As nanopartículas foram preparadas por nanoprecipitação utilizando PLGA (polímero), álcool polivinílico (PVA, estabilizador), acetona (solvente) e clobetasol (fármaco). O tamanho das partículas, o índice de polidispersão (PDI) e o potencial zeta (ZP) foram medidos com um Zetasizer Nano ZS. As nanopartículas otimizadas apresentaram um tamanho médio de 232 ± 20 nm, PDI de 0,18 ± 0,06 e uma carga ligeiramente negativa (-6,94 ± 2,5 mV), como era previsto devido à terminação éster do PLGA. A incorporação do clobetasol não conduziu a uma alteração significativa destas características. Os resultados indicam que foram desenvolvidas nanopartículas de PLGA com dimensões reduzidas (tamanho entre 100 e 400 nm) e homogéneas (PDI inferior a 0,3), sendo características indicativas de uma absorção tópica favorável do fármaco. Adicionalmente, foram formulados com sucesso hidrogéistermossensíveis, utilizando o método a frio para a incorporação das nanopartículas incorporadas com clobetasol. O hidrogel otimizado apresentou uma temperatura média de gelificação (32,33 ± 0,58ºC) compatível com a temperatura da pele. Estudos in vitro demonstraram uma libertação controlada das nanopartículas de clobetasol e do hidrogel incorporado com as nanopartículas, com uma percentagem cumulativa reduzida neste último. Desta forma, as nanopartículas de clobetasol e o hidrogel com as nanopartículas de clobetasol demonstraram um perfil de libertação controlado, revelando-se promissores na minimização dos efeitos adversos associados ao clobetasol e constituindo uma potencial terapêutica inovadora para o tratamento das doenças inflamatórias da pele
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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