1,720,992 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Study of the role of the DEAD-box RNA helicases RhlB and RhlE in RNA stability and gene expression in Caulobacter crescentus
Get PDFCaulobacter crescentus é uma alfaproteobactéria ambiental que apresenta um ciclo celular complexo, o que a torna um excelente modelo para o estudo de regulação gênica neste grupo. O estresse térmico causado por quedas de temperaturas gera uma resposta adaptativa conhecida como Reposta ao Choque-Frio, caracterizada por alterações em diversos componentes celulares e vias metabólicas. Uma dessas alterações é a tendência das moléculas de RNA de formarem estruturas secundárias estáveis, dificultando sua tradução e degradação. As RNA helicases da família DEAD-box são proteínas com a capacidade de remodelar estruturas de RNA e complexos de RNA-proteína. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir os papéis fisiológicos das RNA helicases DEAD-box RhlB e RhlE em C. crescentus, particularmente em baixa temperatura, bem como investigar a interação de RhlB com o degradossomo de RNA. Ensaios de crescimento em baixa temperatura e na recuperação do congelamento foram realizados, bem como a identificação dos genes diferencialmente expressos no choque-frio e nas linhagens mutantes rhlB e rhlE sob diferentes temperaturas de crescimento. Foi avaliada também a interação de RhlE com o ribossomo, e linhagens contendo FLAG-RhlB com diferentes extensões da região C-terminal foram utilizadas para determinar os seus RNAs ligantes e para o mapeamento dos sítios de interação com o degradossomo. Os resultados de sequenciamento de RNA nos permitiram caracterizar a resposta de C. crescentus ao choque-frio, mostrando importantes alterações em vias do metabolismo de ferro, sistemas de transporte e detoxificação e homeostase de cátions. Foi observado que RhlE e Rho parecem participar da regulação do operon kdp em baixa temperatura por meio de estabilização do mensageiro e/ou por uma possível atenuação de transcrição. Apesar de não conseguir concluir o efeito de RhlE sobre a expressão gênica de C. crescentus, a análise do transcritoma do mutante rhlE indicou a manutenção da resposta ao frio observada na linhagem selvagem, e os experimentos de associação com o ribossomo mostraram dados inconclusivos. O mutante rhlB apresentou uma menor expressão na maioria dos genes identificados pelo sequenciamento, com um aumento considerável do número de genes após o choque-frio. Dentre estes, as principais categorias afetadas foram de transporte e metabolismo de ions inorgânicos, tradução, estrutura e biogênese ribossomal, e modificações pós-traducionais. Também foi observada uma queda considerável da viabilidade na recuperação do congelamento após incubação no frio no mutante rhlB, provavelmente por um defeito na montagem de uma resposta crioprotetora eficiente. A deleção da região C-terminal completa de RhlB gera um fenótipo de recuperação do congelamento pior que uma deleção parcial, indicando uma falta de interação com a RNase E e/ou uma possível redução da sua atividade de helicase.Caulobacter crescentus is an environmental alphaproteobacterium with a complex cell cycle, making it an excellent model for the study of gene regulation in this group. The stress caused by temperature downfall leads to an adaptative response known as Cold-Shock Response, characterized by alterations in several cellular components and metabolic pathways. One of those changes is the tendency of RNA molecules to form stabilized secondary structures, impairing translation and turnover. The DEAD-box RNA helicases are proteins with the ability to unwind RNA structures and RNA-proteins complexes. The aim of this work was to define the physiological roles of the DEAD-box RNA helicases RhlB and RhlE in C. crescentus, particularly at low temperature, as well as investigate the interaction of RhlB with the RNA degradosome. Growth assays at low temperature and in freezing recovery were carried out, and genes differentially expressed after cold-shock and in the rhlB and rhlE mutant strains at different growth temperatures were identified. The interaction between RhlE and the ribosome was assessed, and strains carrying FLAG-RhlB with different C-terminal regions were used to determine its binding RNAs and to map the sites involved in the interaction with the degradosome. RNA sequencing results allowed us to characterize the C. crescentus response to cold-shock, unveiling important alterations in iron metabolism, transport and detoxification systems and cation homeostasis. RhlE and Rho seem to participate in the regulation of the kdp operon at low temperature by stabilizing the transcript and/or via transcription attenuation. Although we could not conclude the effect of RhlE on the genetic expression of C. crescentus, the transcriptomic analysis of the rhlE mutant indicates that its cold shock response seems to be the same as the one observed in the wild type strain, and the experiments to identify ribosome association were inconclusive. The rhlB mutant presented a downregulation of most of the identified genes by sequencing, with an expressive increase in the number of genes after cold-shock. Among these, the main affected categories were inorganic ions transport and metabolism, translation, ribosome structure and biogenesis, and post-translational modifications. Also, a severe decrease in the number of viable cells after freezing with pre-incubation at low temperature was observed in the rhlB mutant, indicating a possible defect in the assembly of an efficient cryoprotectant response. The complete removal of RhlB C-terminus leads to a worse phenotype than a partial deletion, indicating the lack of interaction with RNase E and/or a potential reduction of its helicase activity
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Phenotypic characterization of mutant lines of DEAD-box RNA helicases from Caulobacter crescentus under low temperature conditions.
No full textAs RNA helicases da família DEAD-box são enzimas que alteram as estruturas secundárias do RNA e auxiliam a formação de complexos ribonucleoproteicos, e são muito importantes em processos basais como a degradação dos RNAs e a biogênese dos ribossomos. A α-proteobactéria criotolerante Caulobacter crescentus é um modelo experimental interessante para compreender o papel destas enzimas em baixa temperatura. A caracterização fenotípica de linhagens mutantes simples de quatro RNA helicases DEAD-box permitiu demonstrar que a RNA helicase RhlE é necessária para o crescimento em baixa temperatura. Os mutantes duplos mostraram redução do crescimento à temperatura normal e em baixa temperatura, com perda de viabilidade e alterações morfológicas. Através de ensaios de complementação cruzada mostrou-se que seus papéis fisiológicos são até certo ponto redundantes. O mutante rhlE também apresentou redução na formação de biofilme. A medida da expressão relativa dos genes que codificam as RNA helicases mostrou um aumento na expressão de três destes genes em estresse frio, e a análise dos perfis ribossomais mostrou a possível participação destas três RNA helicases na biogênese do ribossomo.The RNA helicases of the DEAD-box family are enzymes that modify RNA secondary structures and help the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes, and are very important in basal processes such as RNA degradation and ribosome biogenesis. The cryotolerant α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus is an interesting experimental model to understand the role of these enzymes at low temperature. The phenotypic characterization of strains with single mutations of four DEAD-box RNA helicases showed that RNA helicase RhlE is required for growth at low temperature. The double mutants showed reduction in growth at both normal and low temperatures, with loss of viability and morphological changes. Through cross-complementation assays it has been shown that their physiological roles are to some extent redundant. The rhlE mutant also showed reduction in biofilm formation. The relative expression of the genes encoding the RNA helicases showed an increase in the expression of three of these genes under cold stress, and the analysis of the ribosomal profiles showed the possible participation of these three RNA helicases in ribosome biogenesis
Characterization of the mechanisms of CspC action in Caulobacter crescentus cell viability and stress response.
No full textAs mutações pontuais nos dois domínios de CspC proporcionam fenótipos mais severos que a falta de cspC. Nenhuma CSP de C. crescentus é capaz de complementar o fenótipo de sensibilidade ao frio de E. coli BX04. Entretanto, os domínios de choque frio de CspC de C. crescentus individualmente são capazes de complementar este fenótipo. Uma análise transcricional global mostrou que a ausência de cspC afeta a transcrição de 11 genes na fase exponencial e 60 genes na fase estacionária. A meia vida dos genes sciP, aceA e CC0682 se mostrou menor no mutante cspC, sugerindo que é possível que CspC desempenhe uma regulação pós-transcricional.Point mutations in the CspC CSDs caused a more severe phenotype than that of the null strain. None of the C. crescentus CSPs complemented the cold sensitivity of E. coli BX04 mutant. However, the individual CSDs of C. crescentus CspC complemented this phenotype. A microarray global transcriptional profiling showed the absence of cspC affected the transcription of 11 genes at exponential phase and 60 genes at stationary phase. mRNA decay experiments showed that the sciP, aceA e CC0682 mRNAs were less stable in the cspC mutant, indicating that its effect could be at least partially due to posttranscriptional regulation
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