1,720,953 research outputs found
Avaliação do desempenho dos componentes de cartão em embalagens
Get PDFMestrado em Engenharia QuímicaEsta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a influência de matérias-primas pré-selecionadas e das condições processuais utilizadas no fabrico de embalagens de cartão da Empresa Cartig, Cartão e Artigos para Embalagem, Lda. Propõe-se neste trabalho, melhorar a aparência do produto final, tendo em consideração a qualidade e a fiabilidade dos produtos, face aos seus clientes.
Inicialmente, determinou-se a composição química e morfológica de três cartolinas distintas pré-selecionadas, com gramagens diferentes, Barcelona 250 g∙m-2, Brasil 250 g∙m-2 e Brasil 225 g∙m-2. Estas cartolinas fazem parte da embalagem final de cartão.
Através da técnica de medição do ângulo de contacto, comparou-se o desempenho das cartolinas referidas anteriormente, a diferentes condições de humidade (40% e 80%) e temperatura (≈20°C e 35°C), para avaliar as condições processuais no fabrico das embalagens. A partir desta mesma técnica, estudou-se o desempenho de contracolagem e colagem das colas frias, Euroflex 5119 e INDU C 2065, usadas no processo contracolagem de cartolinas, e Aquence FB 7371 e Aquence FB 7362 utilizadas no processo colagem de embalagens da empresa.
Ainda neste trabalho, determinaram-se as propriedades e as características das colas frias utilizadas no processo de colagem e contracolagem, através do pH, teor de sólidos, viscosidade, assim como, das técnicas FTIR-ATR e TGA.
A análise térmica DCS foi aplicada apenas à cola quente Technomelt Supra Ultra GA 3920 usada na colagem das embalagens.
Estimaram-se as propriedades físico-mecânicas das cartolinas pré-selecionadas que são fundamentais para a caracterização da resistência e qualidade do material. O tempo de secagem ótimo das colas utilizadas no processo de colagem da empresa foi determinado através de ensaios fabris, com um estudo da humidade relativa ao longo do tempo das cartolinas China 200 g∙m-2 e Avelino Bastos 225 g∙m-2. O grau de adesividade foi determinado através do Teste de Adesividade (PAT) a todas as colas e cartolinas envolvidas no trabalho.
Verificou-se que as condições fabris (temperatura e humidade) influenciam bastante os resultados de contracolagem, especialmente a baixas temperaturas. Nesta dissertação conclui-se também que, a cola mais favorável para o processo de colagem da empresa é a cola Aquence FB 7371 e, no processo de contracolagem é a Euroflex 5119, sendo que estas impregnam-se pouco nas cartolinas e canelados em condições de temperaturas elevadas e humidades reduzidas (35ºC e 40%), evitando prejudicar a aparência da embalagem. Por último, face às três cartolinas pré-selecionadas, a Brasil 250 g∙m-2 é a cartolina com melhores características, propriedades de resistência, qualidade e relação cola/adesividade. Esta em condições de baixa humidade e temperaturas elevadas apresenta elevados ângulos de contacto com as colas estudadas, mantendo uma adesividade elevada e uma boa performance.This dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of pre-selected raw materials and the procedural conditions used in the manufacture of carton packs of the company Cartig, Cartão e Artigos para Embalagem, Lda. The objective of this work was to improve the appearance of the final product, considering the quality and reliability of the products, for the customers.
Initially, the chemical and morphological composition of three pre-selected different cardboards with different weights, namely, Barcelona 250 g∙m-2, Brazil 250 g∙m-2 and Brazil 225 g∙m-2, were determined. These cartons are part of the final carton package.
Through the contact angle measurement technique, the performance of the above-mentioned cardboards was compared to different humidity conditions (40% and 80%) and temperature (≈20 ° C and 35 ° C) to evaluate the procedural conditions in the manufacturing of packages. Using the same technique, the glue performance and gluing performance of the cold glues, Euroflex 5119 and INDU C 2065, used in the backed gluing process of cardboards, and Aquence FB 7371 and Aquence FB 7362 used in the gluing process of the company packaging were studied.
Also in this work, the properties and characteristics of cold glues used in the gluing and backed gluing processes were determined through pH, solids content, viscosity, as well as FTIR-ATR and TGA techniques. Thermal DCS analysis was applied only to the hot glue Technomelt Supra Ultra GA 3920 used in the gluing of packages.
The physical-mechanical properties of the pre-selected cardboards were determined, being these fundamental for the characterization of the strength and quality of the material. The optimal drying time of the glue used in the gluing process of the company was determined by manufacturing tests, the study of moisture over time, to the cardboards China 200 g∙m-2 and Avelino Bastos 225 g∙m-2. The degree of adhesiveness was determined through the Pin Adhesion Test (PAT) to all glues and cardboards involved in the work.
It has been found that the manufacturing conditions (temperature and humidity) greatly influence the results of the backed gluing, especially at low temperatures. In this dissertation, it is also concluded that the glue most favorable to the gluing process of the company is the glue Aquence FB 7371 and, in the process of back gluing is the Euroflex 5119, which impregnates less in the cardboards on conditions of high temperatures and reduced humidity (35ºC and 40%), avoiding to spoil the appearance of the packaging. Finally, comparing the three pre-selected cardboards, Brazil 250 g∙m-2 is the cardboard with the best characteristics, resistance properties, quality and glue/adhesion ratio. It is in conditions of low humidity and high temperatures that it has high angles of contact with the glues studied, maintaining a high adhesiveness and good performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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