1,721,184 research outputs found
L'eccellenza negli oli extravergini di oliva. I super oli, saperli riconoscere e produrre.
No full textL’olivicoltura mediterranea vede parzialmente coesistenti e male integrati due modelli di coltivazione diversi: accanto a tecniche di produzione delle olive e dell’olio tradizionali, si sta sviluppando, occupando spazi sempre più ampi, una nuova olivicoltura caratterizzata da grande impegno tecnologico e costi relativamente bassi, con produzioni dalle caratteristiche qualitative globalmente medio-buone, ma standardizzate. La presenza di questa nuova olivicoltura spinge le coltivazioni tradizionali, non in grado di competere sul piano della quantità, verso la ricerca di qualità crescenti e verso una “tipicizzazione” dei prodotti.
In Italia, Paese ancorato all’olivicoltura di tipo tradizionale, il problema è fortemente sentito da parte dei produttori, sotto il duplice aspetto di innalzare la qualità puntando sulla tipicità e, contemporaneamente, difendere le diversità di un sistema fortemente legato al territorio, al suo paesaggio e al suo ambiente.
Questo processo di rinnovamento rischia però di dare solo modesti risultati se parallelamente non si affronta anche il problema della corretta classificazione merceologica dell’olio, che rappresenta oggi uno dei maggiori dilemmi che danneggia il mondo «EVOO» (Extra Virgin Olive Oil - Olio Extra Vergine di Oliva). Le numerose frodi a danno dei consumatori, che continuamente vengono denunciate, e la vendita di prodotti che non presentano i requisiti per essere classificati come oli extravergini, costituiscono un punto debole dell’intera filiera con conseguenze deleterie per l’immagine dell’intero settore.
In questa Guida abbiamo cercato di offrire una panoramica dei problemi che affliggono il mondo dell’olio extravergine, soprattutto dal punto di vista del consumatore, e proporre delle soluzioni per riconoscere e per produrre oli extravergini di alta qualità
EVOO or not EVOO? A new precise and simple analytical tool to discriminate virgin olive oils.
No full textInternational Olive Oil Council (IOOC) states chemical and organoleptic parameters to classify the commercial grade of olive oil. Finding tools or analytical procedures able to support the organoleptic evaluation would be helpful to streamline and facilitate the commercial classification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new tool and validate a procedure that allows a fast and non-invasive volatile compounds detection system, able to assign each sample to its right trade category. Moreover, we tried to test the capability of PTR-ToF-MS in grading olive oils according to their fruity intensity levels. A total of 273 olive oil samples collected from Argentina (21), Chile (10), Italy (191), Morocco (17), Tunisia (4) and EU (30) were analyzed and classified through: (1) Panel Test and (2) PTR-ToF-MS analysis. On the whole PTR-ToF-MS data EVOO and Not EVOO as resulted by Panel Test were clustered by PCA in two main groups and correctly classified by PLS-DA model, confirming the high confidence level (95%) in utilizing analytical spectral data for helping Panel Test and able to easy monitoring the quality formation in the oils, by a fast and cheap control from harvest until the store. The eight protonated masses detected as VIP by the model may be linked to negative olfactory notes. Finally, PCA applied on the volatile profile of 122 classified EVOO highlighted a shift of the samples distribution following the trend of the fruity intensity as assessed by the panelists. In conclusion, this trial confirmed the availability of a new, precise and simple analytical tool as the PTR-ToF-MS, which coupled with an appropriate multivariate data analysis, allows to classify EVOO according to their trade category and fruity intensity
A new device to improve the mechanical winter pruning in olive trees hedgerows.
No full textThe economic success of superintensive olive plantations is mainly due to the full mechanization of the harvesting and pruning. While the advantage of straddling machines is undoubted, winter mechanical pruning determines falls in productions. This is due to the indiscriminate suppression of both fertile leafy shoots destined to fruiting and growth, and exhausted parts of the plant. To reduce this damage, an innovative device has been developed, applied to a pruning machine, able to selectively cut the “aged” parts of vegetation. The selection is achieved by an air’s fluid dynamic action obtained throughout defined and directional air jets able to push the young and flexible shoots upwards and downwards; in this way they are saved by the cut, regenerating at least one year in advance the new fruiting hedge. Tests were carried out on the cultivar Arbequina, Tosca and Sikitita, in three superintensive olive
groves located in the province of Grosseto, Rome and Latina, assessing the amount of leaves, shoots and branches, as well as fruits present at harvest, preserved from the pruning thanks to the action of the air flow, respectively for the East and West side of the rows. To get a profile of the biomass distribution along the cross section of the tree canopy, in the Grosseto farm a trial was also
carried out to better assess leaves, shoots and branches distribution in the canopy. The statistical data analyses immediately evidenced two different populations due to the selective pruning. The work highlighted the remarkable effectiveness of the air jet in safeguarding the flexible and leafy vegetation and allowed to quadruple leaf surface and production
Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations
Full text linkFiliera delle produzioni forestali non legnose: produzione e raccolta tra sostenibilità e tracciabilità
No full textLa valorizzazione dei prodotti non legnosi trova nella certificazione un punto di forza, spendibile solo se esiste la possibilità di tracciare la filiera del prodotto all’interno di una “Catena di Custodia”. La gestione sostenibile delle sugherete può essere certificata da FSC, PEFC, CIPS e SFI, il processo di trasformazione industriale da Systecode (il più diffuso), FSC, PEFC, Reg CEE 1863/93 e ISO 14000/96. Al momento la gestione forestale è certificata quasi esclusivamente da FSC, con 30.000 ettari distribuiti tra Portogallo, Spagna e Italia (1,1% della superficie mondiale) e 50.000 ettari in fase avanzata di certificazione. Nel mercato globale del vino pochi produttori utilizzano tappi certificati, e nessuno di essi opera in Italia. Un accorta gestione multifunzionale sottende la possibilità di trarre reddito in modo sostenibile dai prodotti non legnosi del bosco. Per la pineta da pinoli sono possibili modelli colturali molto diversi. Per la raccolta di funghi commestibili rimane da chiarire se e come le pratiche selvicolturali possano favorire una maggiore produzione di carpofori. Lo studio di filiera, intesa come acquisizione di tutti gli elementi di conoscenza relativi all’insieme dei procedimenti e delle lavorazioni che si svolgono all’interno dei comparti produttivi interessati, diventa indispensabile in ogni processo di valorizzazione dei prodotti. Il processo di valorizzazione deve, inoltre, essere accompagnato dalla verifica della convenienza economica dell’investimento all’interno del quale va compreso anche l’impatto complessivo sull’intero sistema economico-ambientaleNon-timber forest products can strengthen and develop their markets through the use of a certification mark which guarantees the sustainable management of the forest and the traceability of the certified products during the processing (Chain of Custody). For cork oak forest management the main certification schemes are FSC, PEFC, CIPS and SFI, while for cork industry Systecode (the most common certification) FSC, PEFC, Reg CEE 1863/93 and ISO 14000/96. Currently, forest management is marked mostly by FSC: 30,000 hectares from Portugal , Spain and Italy (1.1% of the world surface). Other 50,000 hectares are under FSC certification process, but only few wine producers have certified their chain of custody with FSC scheme. In Italy no wine industry has the process certified nor does use certified cork top. Silviculture is an effective tool for certificated forest management which follow ecosystem approach to yield revenue in a sustainable way from non timber products. The case of umbrella pine fruits, edible mushrooms and truffles are briefly discussed. The analysis of the chain, to be meant as the acquisition of knowledge regarding the entire number of methods and processing that take place inside the involved productive sectors, becomes essential for the valorisation process of the products. Moreover, the process of valorisation has to go with the verification of the economic convenience of the investment inside which it has to be considered also the overall impact on the whole economic-environmental system
Lifestyle entrepreneurs in winemaking: An exploratory qualitative analysis on the non-pecuniary benefits
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate non-pecuniary motivations and benefits of involvement in the wine business. Combining these motives with winery owners’ characteristics, attitudes and implemented strategies, the aim is to identify different winery owners’ styles in small-medium family-run firms.
Design/methodology/approach: The applied method is a qualitative explorative study involving in-depth interviews with Tuscan winery owners. They have hands-on involvement in the winemaking process, own a family business and supervise all of the production phases, from grape growing to bottling.
Findings: The study highlights the key role of non-economic motivations for winery owners. Passion, independence and a desire to live close to nature are predominant compared to pecuniary motivations, such as profit maximization. Therefore, the “lifestyle-oriented” style, characterized especially by the achievement of non-pecuniary benefits, represents the prevailing style amongst the interviewed winery owners, in contrast to the “business-oriented” style, which features typical producers described by mainstream economic theory.
Originality/value: The findings of this study are pivotal because they can facilitate a better understanding of how family-run wineries make decisions related to, e.g. firm size, staff management, product quality, exports and sustainability
Winegrapes mechanical harvest in Southern Italy. Quantitative and qualitative aspects.
No full text[La raccolta è l'operazione più onerosa economicamente nella gestione del vigneto. I costi possono essere ridotti e la qualità può essere migliorata facendo uso di macchine raccoglitrici dell'uva. Dopo una serie triennale di prove condotte in Campania e Basilicata sul vitigno Aglianico allevato a Guyot con macchine multifunzione semoventi o trainate, i vantaggi di tale sistema rispetto alla raccolta manuale tradizionale sono stati confermati anche negli ambienti dell'Italia Meridionale. I sistemi di allevamento, il sesto d'impianto delle viti, le condizioni del suolo e la rapidità delle operazioni di post-raccolta sono, tuttavia, fattori che determinano la praticabilità e l'efficienza dell'utilizzazione delle macchine da raccolta. I vini ottenuti dalle uve raccolte meccanicamente hanno raggiunto livelli qualitativi accettabili, sebbene leggermente inferiori a quelli ottenuti da uve raccolte con il sistema tradizionale.
The olive oil dilemma: To be or not to be EVOO? chemometric analysis to grade virgin olive oils using 792 fingerprints from PTR-ToF-MS
No full textThere is increasing interest in controlling EVOO quality on the market in order to maintain its high economic value and to protect the consumer from fraud. Here we developed a new pipeline to assess the quality of olive oil. Over five olive oil crop-years 792 oil samples were simultaneously evaluated by a Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and sensory analysis. To explore the greatest possible variability determined by cultivars and growing environments, we analyzed 364 EVOO blend, 397 EVOO from 64 different cultivars and 31 aged (3–5 years) samples. Surprisingly, of the 761 samples labelled EVOO, 53% did not conform to the declared category. Through multivariate analysis of spectral data, organized according to the assessors' judgments, we build a PLS-DA model that distinguished EVOO from non-EVOO. The proposed pipeline method allowed a rapid and consistent control of the EVOO quality market
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