1,721,013 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Arabic Toponymy around Ashkelon: The Village of Hamama as a Case Study
Get PDFArabic Toponymy around Ashkelon: The Village of Hamama as a Case Study
The village of Hamama, situated between the cities of Ashdod and Ashkelon, was the second largest village, in both its territory and the number of its inhabitants, in the Gaza sub-district during the British Mandate period. The article surveys and discusses the Arab toponymy of Hamama, as part of the broader corpus of Palestinian rural toponymy in Ashkelon’s hinterland before 1948. The article reviews the scholarly trends in the study of Arabic toponymy. In light of the toponyms, the article traces the social, geographical and historical characteristics of village toponyms, and assesses their connection to its natural and man-made geographies. Underlying the Late Ottoman and British Mandate corpus, is a limited stratum of pre-Ottoman village names. To this pre-exiting stratum, new toponyms were added, referring in cases to families living in or around the village. The great importance of land as the main means of production in Hamama’s agrarian society, is manifested by the many toponyms relating to the soil and its characteristics. Many names refer to various types of agricultural plots (gardens, orchards, vineyards, orchards and mawasi plots of land irrigated from shallow wells dug in sand dunes along the coast), in addition to the phenomenon of coastal wetlands (birak). Toponyms provide external evidence of the names of the village families, corroborating names known from the ethnographic literature. Furthermore, it reflects Hamama’s sacred geography, e.g. village shrines and their endowments. Finally, the article briefly discusses the ways in which new place names were derived from existin
The Exodus of the Arabs of Wadi al-Faliq during the 1948 War: Historiography and Historical Memory
Get PDFThe Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies
Get PDFThe Great Oak Forest (Arabic: al-ghaba) was one of the most prominent features of the landscape of the Sharon plain in the Ottoman period. Large swaths of woodland consisting mainly of Tabor oak trees (Quercus ithaburensis) covered the area between the Yarkon and Hadera rivers. Western travelers and scholars who witnessed the forest in the 19th
century saw in it a testament to the region’s Christian past, such as the glorious victory of Richard the Lionheart in the Battle of Arsuf (1191). However, by the end of the 19th century the last remnants of the forest had been felled. Early Israeli scholars such as Ze'ev Vilnai and Yehuda Ziv, who did not witness the forest with their own eyes, regarded its existence as proof of the decline of habitation in the area, following the end of Jewish settlement and the Muslim conquests. In the Ariel Encyclopedia, Vilnai declared that "with the destruction of the land, the Sharon was also destroyed ...", while following the renewed Jewish settlement, "desolate areas were covered with fields and orchards."
The article presents the forest as a natural resource distributed among the highland villages to meet the needs of their expanding population. Using local sources in Arabic and Ottoman Turkish, and a reassessment of Western sources, it traces the diverse interactions that took place between the forest and the developing Arab settlement. The article makes use of visual sources, written evidence and oral history to describe and explain the ghābat system in the forest areas, which was the culmination of the spatial planning of the rural population in Jabal Nablus during the late Ottoman period.
Furthermore, the article settles a long-standing controversy over the boundaries of the forest and its characteristics in the 1870s. An analysis of the field charts in the Palestine Exploration Fund’s Survey of Western Palestine prepared using Spatial Geographic Information Systems (GIS) shows that the actual woodlands were, by then, restricted to the area between present-day Even Yehuda and Kefar Yona. Lastly, the article suggests that the clearing of the forest by the local population was a double-edged sword: it allowed for the expansion of agricultural cultivation, while also leading to severe ecological problems such as soil depletion and soil erosion, which were felt in full severity at the beginning of the Jewish colonization of the Sharon
Lydda Sub-District: Lydda and its Countryside During the Ottoman Period
Get PDFDuring much of the Ottoman period, the subdistrict of Lydda (Lod) was a large administrative unit that stretched from the present-day city of Modi’in in the south to the present-day city of Elad in the north; from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land. The changing balance of power between the economic strength of Lydda and the influence of the neighboring administrative center in Ramla governed Lydda’s degree of administrative autonomy. As an economic space, however, Lydda’s hinterland remained relatively stable throughout the Ottoman period. Lydda Sub-district was united with Ramla Sub-district in the early 16th century but by the early 18th century, it was reestablished within similar boundaries to those that existed in the early 16th century. Lydda’s proximity to the grain basket of the Lod Valley, its location on the mainland trade routes and its proximity to the port of Jaffa, all contributed to its economic prosperity even in times of security instability. Lydda’s economy relied on the olive industry (oil and soap), cotton cultivation and trade. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, Waqf officials and European merchants managed much of this economic activity, while from the late 18th century this role was played mainly by local urban merchants (similar to the situation in Nablus and other Levantine cities). The nomadic incursions of the 17th and 18th centuries depopulated some villages in Lydda’s area. During the 19th century, the defeat of the Bedouins by the Abu Ghosh peasant alliance, and the increasing control of the Ottoman state on its internal security, facilitated the renewed expansion of settlement in the lowlands by the inhabitants of the highlands, in parallel with the extensive settlement of immigrants from Egypt in the coastal plain. The development of Lydda thus accelerated, reaching its peak during the British Mandate period
- …
