1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Operational Energy Strategy: Turning the U.S. Military into the most Energy-Efficient Fighting Forces in the World
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to identify, develop, improve, and implement a series of options in operational energy strategy for the Department of Defense utilizing renewable energy sources and turning the U.S. Military into the most Energy-Efficient Fighting Forces in the World (Coren). Energy is an important source of America’s progress, prosperity and development but also it is the basis of instability, crisis, inequality and prominently, environmental deterioration and risk. All those factors are highly accentuated in our military operations where every combatant command has a significant energy related mission. Today war fighting is about 16 times more energy-intensive then the Vietnam War era. Furthermore, oil intensity per war fighter rose 2.6 percent annually for the past 40 years and is anticipated to increase another 1.5 percent annually through 2017 due to greater mechanization, remote expeditionary conflict, rugged terrain, and irregular operations (Lovins). Energy became a vital fighting source that it is closely related to the troops’ survival and success in the battlefield. The paper concludes by arguing that it is fundamental to emphasis the issues presented and because of the energy crisis we are experiencing today there has never been a better time to pursue and consequently execute a concrete energy course of action applied to our military forces that can minimize our troops’ risks and strengthen our national security and global interests.Author's Origina
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Health in the Digital World
No full textHealth Information Technology (HIT) and Digital Health are rapidly transforming healthcare systems spurred by technology innovation, government initiatives, and growing challenges of the 21st century in improving quality, efficiency, and patient experiences. Furthermore, the transformation of the healthcare system through new technological developments is moving into processes, practices and relationships across the ecosystem and is creating new opportunities for the sector and presents the potential to develop new strategies to cope with health risks.Accepted Manuscrip
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Climate Change Impacts on Health: The Urban Poor in the World’s Megacities
No full textThis research addresses the research question of whether climate change could disproportionately affect the health of the urban poor living in the world’s megacities. It seeks to explain the health consequences of climate change and the impacts on urban populations, how major cities should respond with preparedness and adaptation strategies to lessen impacts and collective actions that can be taken to mitigate the health risks associated with climate change.
Climate change is a major concern that is closely related to our good health. A population’s health is linked to the stability of the environment, and depends on the functioning of the world’s climate system. The effects of climate change on health will impact most populations in the next decades, and major cities around the world will gradually face the consequences. The increase in risk factors will put the lives and safety of billions of people in jeopardy and will affect the population unequally. Climate change will compound existing vulnerabilities, increase poverty levels, and affect the urban poor, as they typically live in the most vulnerable lands within cities and are at high risk from the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. Overcrowded living conditions, inaccessibility to safe infrastructure and poor health conditions make the urban poor highly vulnerable to climate change impacts(Baker, 2011c).
Climate change can change the pattern of diseases, mortality, human settlements, food, water, and sanitation. Increased temperatures, rising seas, and frequent incidence of severe storms are known and growing effects of climate change. These effects produce dangerous sanitary consequences and are known health risks (Jensen, 2007).
This research outlines a methodology for developing and implementing the Australian/New Zealand Risk Management Standard – AS/NZ ISO 31000 to climate change effects on populations. ISO 31000 supports a unique management approach to drive proactive steps to manage risk more effectively and to develop a united method to presenting adaptive strategies across cities around the world.
Adaptation and mitigation models that confront climate change impacts on health in urban populations, and particularly on the urban poor, who are the most vulnerable to climate variability, are crucial to minimize the disaster risks. As a result, disaster risk management becomes a fundamental component of climate change adaptation and mitigation program frameworks. This paper presents a strong business case that applies Risk Management ISO 31000, and recommends a systems view of risk assessment and proactive approach to risk management through a shared response at local and international levels.
This research uses the case study method to explore climate change health impacts on the urban poor in megacities and presents the examination of practical and theoretical cases, differentiated by geographic, demographic and socio-economic factors. It presents a case study of four megacities: New York, Beijing, Los Angeles and Rio de Janeiro. These cities have different economic and social driving forces and they are presently implementing strategies to combat climate change with different approaches and results. The evidence shows that a well-planned climate change risk-assessment and management plan modeled on the specific needs and conditions of each urban city will provide a viable advantage in order to combat climate change and its health impacts on the urban poor
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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The dynamics of global risks: Sociopolitical risks in strategic management and policy decisions
No full textThe development of the risk landscape has shifted significantly in recent years. The magnitude and consequence of more varied risks than ever previously experienced create new hazards, and exacerbate existing ones. Global risks such as climate change, environmental pollution, globalised economies that are increasing the polarization of wealth and income, public health hazards disrupting socio-economic and political stability, and cyber-terrorism are just some examples of the sources of uncertainty in deterministic dynamics of shocks in risk. The aforementioned risks that arise from political (governmental and other) behavior and events, and adverse social conditions associated with poor health, such as food insecurity and housing instability are rooted into the challenges of the 21st century, and they create social, political and economic shocks that shape a particular environment and how these affect organizations, nations, and the lives of its inhabitants. This chapter addresses the research question: “How can world leaders integrate the social and political risks into strategic management and policy decisions?”Version of Recor
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