45,950 research outputs found
Crater floor polygons: Desiccation patterns of ancient lakes on Mars?
No full text[1] Global mapping of intermediate‐size (100–200 m) polygonal troughs occurring mainly in impact crater floors was carried out using high‐resolution images from spacecraft currently orbiting Mars. Earlier works have classified these polygonal networks as periglacial features on account of their apparent occurrence at higher latitudes and morphological similarities to thermal contraction polygons (TCPs). Crater floor polygons (CFPs) have diameters ranging from 15 to 350 m. They morphologically resemble terrestrial TCPs and desiccation cracks. Their size distribution, however, is significantly different from that of TCPs that are ubiquitous in the high latitudes. An analytical model based on fracture mechanics reveals that under current climatic conditions, the maximum fracture spacing attainable by thermal stresses alone is 75 m at the most. More reasonable values fall within 18 and 22 m, which is the range for TCPs on Mars. As a result, we propose desiccation to be a dominant mechanism for the formation of CFPs without ruling out thermal contraction as a possible contributor in some cases. This implies that lakes or water‐rich sediments occupied the craters in the past. Many such aqueous environments have no apparent external source of water, and thus, hydrothermal processes occurring shortly after the impact event may be viable explanations for the observed evidence. The association of features, which correspond to terrestrial lakes such as sedimentary deposits, mounds, and shorelines, corroborates lake formation and their eventual desiccation to form CFPs. The variation of CFP sizes with location can be indicative of different hydrologic environments
Improvement of renal image recognition through resolution enhancement
No full textImage resizing is frequently used as a preprocessing step in many computer vision tasks, especially in medical applications. While tuning of the resizing method is usually omitted in the studies, there are many problems in which the exact influence of resampling on image textures and gradients is significant. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of image reconstruction's impact on two inherent tasks in medical image analysis: segmentation and classification. The proposed study is conducted on the renal diagnosis dataset in which the kidney is segmented, and three renal tumours are classified. A novel image reconstruction method is introduced, namely Sampling Kantorovich Algorithm (SKA). It is compared to six other popular techniques widely used in image processing. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analyses, we proved that choice of image reconstruction method impacts the system's overall performance. SKA turns out to be the best performing method in the classification setup. It boosts performance to 75% of the weighted F1-score by approximately 3 percentage points (pp) compared to the best baseline solution. In kidney segmentation, the SKA improves efficiency by over 2pp compared to other resizing methods. The results presented in this paper may apply to a wide range of medical image processing problems
Settling of finite-size particles in isotropically forced, homogeneous turbulence: interface-resolved simulations
No full textWe have simulated the gravity-induced settling of finite-size particles in a turbulent background flow which is forced in a statistically-stationary fashion. The simulations are accurately resolving the solid-fluid interface with the aid of an immersed boundary technique [1]. The parameters of the simulation are (apart from background turbulence) identical to those of reference [2], where particle clustering was observed at a Galileo number of 178 and a solid volume fraction of 0.005. In the present case, it is found that a relative turbulence intensity of 0.24 leads to the disappearance of the clusters; as a consequence, the increase in average particle settling velocity found in [2] also vanishes. [1] M. Uhlmann. An immersed boundary method with direct forcing for the simulation of particulate flows. J. Comput. Phys., 209(2):448–476, 2005. [2] M. Uhlmann and T. Doychev. Sedimentation of a dilute suspension of rigid spheres at intermediate Galileo numbers: the effect of clustering upon the particle motion. J. Fluid Mech., 752:310–348, 2014
Mesophilic-hydrothermal-thermophilic (M-H-T) digestion of green corn straw
No full textMesophilic-hydrothermal (80-160 degrees C, 30 min)-thermophilic (M-H-T) digestion and control tests of mesophilic (M), thermophilic (T), hydrothermal-mesophilic (H-M), and mesophilic-thermophilic digestion (M-T) of green corn straw were conducted for a 20-day fermentation period. The results indicate that M-H-T is an efficient method to improve methane production. A maximum methane yield of 371.74 mL/g volatile solid was obtained by the M (3 days)-H (140 degrees C)-T (17 days) process, which was 20.44%, 16.55%, 31.44%, and 14.31% higher than the yields of the M, T, 140-M, and M-T processes. The enhanced methane production was attributed to (1) the improved hemicellulose degradation and lignin disorganization; (2) prevention of the degradation of soluble sugar, easily hydrolyzed hemicellulose and cellulose into furfural and methylfurfural; and (3) lack of formation of Maillard reaction products during initial hydrothermal treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
The maternal immune system during pregnancy and its influence on fetal development
No full textThe maternal immune system plays a critical role in the establishment, maintenance, and completion of a healthy pregnancy. However, the specific mechanisms utilized to achieve these goals are not well understood. Various cells and molecules of the immune system are key players in the development and function of the placenta and the fetus. Effector cells of the immune system act to promote and yet limit placental development. The T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) immune shift during pregnancy is well established. A fine balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory influences is required. We herein review the evidence regarding maternal tolerance of fetal tissues and the underlying cell-mediated immune and humoral (hormones and cytokines) mechanisms. We also note the many unanswered questions in our understanding of these mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the clinical manifestations of an altered maternal immune system during pregnancy related to susceptibility to common viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as to autoimmune diseases.Peer reviewe
Erosie door open taludbekledingen. Samenvattend verslag + Bijlage A t/m D
No full textOpen taludbekledingen die bestaan uit in verband geplaatste betonblokken met gaten, bieden de mogelijkheid vegetatie te doen groeien, waardoor mogelijk een milieuvriendelijke oever kan worden verkregen. In het pioniersstadium van de vegetatie is het evenwel ongewenst dat de gatvulling uitspoelt. Teneinde de relatie tussen waterbeweging en erosie van de gatvulling vast te stellen, is door de Dienst Weg- en Waterbouwkunde van Rijkswaterstaat per brief d.d. 16 maart 1987 (kenmerk WB 570), opdracht verleend aan het Waterloopkundig Laboratorium tot het uitvoeren van onderzoek naar de erosie door open taludbekledingen. Het doel van het onderzoek is het ontwikkelen van ontwerprichtlijnen voor taludbekledingen met gaten die groter zijn dan de zand- of filterkorrels eronder. Hiertoe dient de kritieke waterbeweging bij een oever- of dijkbekleding te worden vastgesteld, waarbij nog toelaatbare erosie is te verwachten. De toelaatbare erosie mag daarbij maximaal gelijk zijn aan de hoeveelheid sediment in de gaten. Filter- of basismateriaal gelegen onder de elementen mag dus niet uitspoelen. Bij oeverbekledingen waar vegetatie een rol moet gaan spelen, is de toelaatbare erosie kleiner, dat wil zeggen in de gaten dient sediment achter te blijven.Steenzettingen - TAW/EN
The right of communication to the public of works on the Internet in EU law (Directive 2001/29 v. Directive 2019/790) : is there any definable scope of this right?
No full textArtykuł powstał w ramach projektu badawczego pt. „Naukowy model reformy prawa autorskiego na jednolitym rynku cyfrowym według Dyrektyw UE” (finansowanego przez NCN, nr projektu badawczego: 2019/35/B/HS5/03671, konkurs Opus 18).This article focuses on the controversy in defining the scope of the right of communication to the public of works provided in Article 3 InfoSoc, especially in the ‘creative’ interpretations made by the CJEU. Based on these considerations, I justify a position qualifying Article 17 DSM, as a provision performing a statutory ‘balancing act’ between the premises determining the scope of the right to communicate a work to the public in the case of online content-sharing service providers. In this view,
Article 17 DSM does not modify the concept of making works available to the public, and the premises for the scope of the right from the DSM were already available for ‘interpretation’ based on Article 3 [email protected]ł Markiewicz – doktor, asystent w Katedrze Prawa Własności Intelektualnej Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.Uniwersytet Jagielloński, PolskaAngelopoulos Ch., Quintais J.P., Fixing Copyright Reform A Better Solution to Online Infringement, „Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and E-Commerce Law” 2019, nr 10.Bäcker K., Feindor-Schmidt U., The destruction of copyright – are jurisprudence and legislators throwing fundamental principles of copyright under the bus?, „Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice” 2021, nr 16.Gęsicka D.K., Udostępnianie utworu publiczności poprzez zamieszczenie hiperłącza w orzecznictwie Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, (w:) P. Kostański, P. Podrecki, T. Targosz (red.), Experientia docet. Księga jubileuszowa ofiarowana Pani Profesor Elżbiecie Traple, Warszawa 2017.Husovec M., Quintais J.P., How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms under the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive, „GRUR International” 2021, nr 70 (4).Klafkowska-Waśniowska K., Kropka nad „i”? Zakres prawa do udostępniania utworów na żądanie w Internecie w świetle najnowszego orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości, (w:) P. Kostański, P. Podrecki, T. Targosz (red.), Experientia docet. Księga jubileuszowa ofiarowana Pani Profesor Elżbiecie Traple, Warszawa 2017.Klafkowska-Waśniowska K., Zamieszczanie odesłań internetowych a zakres autorskich praw majątkowych, „Białostockie Studia Prawnicze” 2015, z. 19.Komunikat Komisji do Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady. Wytyczne dotyczące art. 17 DSM w sprawie prawa autorskiego na jednolitym rynku cyfrowym (Bruksela, dnia 4 czerwca 2021 r. COM (2021) 288 final).Leistner M., European Copyright Licensing and Infringement Liability Under Art. 17 DSM-Directive Compared to Secondary Liability of Content Platforms in the U.S. – Can We Make the New European System a Global Opportunity Instead of a Local Challenge, „Zeitschrift für Geistiges Eigentum/Intellectual Property Journal” 2020, nr 2.Markiewicz R., Prawo autorskie na jednolitym rynku cyfrowym, Warszawa 2021.Markiewicz R., Zdezorientowany prawnik o publicznym udostępnianiu utworów, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego” 2016, z. 134.Pinkalski Z., Linkowanie do utworów i jego ocena z punktu widzenia naruszenia praw autorskich. Glosa do wyroku TS z dnia 8 września 2016 r., C-160/15, LEX/el. 2016.Rosati E., Copyright in the Digital Single Market, Oxford 2021.Targosz T., Naruszenia dóbr osobistych w Internecie – rewolucja orzecznictwa, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego” 2018, nr 2.Traple E., Europeizacja prawa autorskiego w orzeczeniach Trybunału Sprawiedliwości, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego” 2014, z. 126.27117319
The material and living conditions of the inhabitants of the Białystok region in the period of Gomułka (1957–1970)
No full textCelem artykułu jest zbadanie warunków materialnych mieszkańców województwa białostockiego w latach 1957–1970 oraz różnic między sytuacją na Białostocczyźnie a ogólnopolskimi wskaźnikami zarobków, wydatków, spożycia, zaopatrzenia i warunków mieszkaniowych – wszystkie kształtowały się na niekorzyść prowincji. Analizie poddano również zachowania i nastroje społeczeństwa regionu w realiach gospodarki niedoboru.The objective of the article is to examine the material conditions of the Białystok Province in the years 1957–1970, as well as the differences between the situation in the Białystok region and national rates of salaries, expenses, consumption, provision and accommodation: they all developed to the disadvantage of the province. The analysis also covers behaviors and attitudes of the community in the region in the reality of deficit [email protected] Markiewicz – dr, historyk, pracownik Oddziałowego Biura Badań Historycznych IPN w Białymstoku. Autor kilkudziesięciu publikacji naukowych i popularnonaukowych, w tym monografii: Kolektywizacja wsi w województwie białostockim 1948–1956 (Białystok 2010) oraz Odwilż na prowincji. Białostocczyzna 1956–1960 (Białystok 2019).Archiwum Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Białymstoku: Komenda Wojewódzka Milicji Obywatelskiej w BiałymstokuArchiwum Państwowe w Białymstoku: Komitet Wojewódzki Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej; Prezydium Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Białymstoku; Wojewódzki Komitet Stronnictwa DemokratycznegoArchiwum Państwowe w Suwałkach Oddział w Ełku: Prezydium Miejskiej Rady Narodowej w Ełku„Gazeta Białostocka” 1957„Warmia i Mazury” 1957„Życie Białostockie” 1957Rocznik statystyczny 1971, Warszawa 1971.Rocznik statystyczny województwa białostockiego 1971, Białystok 1971.Adamiecki W., Początek starej fotografii, [w:] A. Strońska et al., Dymisja dla anioła, Warszawa 1962.Bakun E., Hahn E., Białostocczyzna w XXV-leciu PRL: rozwój i przemiany społeczno-gospodarcze, Białystok 1969.Jarosz D., Mieszkanie się należy... Studium z peerelowskich praktyk społecznych, Warszawa 2010.Jarosz D., Pasztor M., Afera mięsna: fakty i konteksty, Toruń 2004.Jastrząb M., Polityka kształtowania cen dóbr konsumpcyjnych w Polsce Ludowej – wybrane zagadnienia, [w:] PRL: trwanie i zmiana, red. D. Stola, M. Zaremba, Warszawa 2003.Jezierski A., Petz B., Historia gospodarcza Polski Ludowej 1944–1975, Warszawa 1982.Kochanowski J., Tylnymi drzwiami. „Czarny rynek” w Polsce 1944–1989, Warszawa 2010.Kurek Z., Pieniężne przychody i wydatki ludności woj. białostockiego w latach 1960–1972, „Region Białostocki” 1975, t. 3.Kurek Z., Przychody i wydatki pieniężne ludności w województwie białostockim, „Region Białostocki” 1973, t. 2.Ludność i jej warunki bytowe, red. E. Zdrojewski, Białystok 1964.Łazowska B., Główny Urząd Statystyczny w latach 1945–1989, [w:] Historia Polski w liczbach, t. 4: Statystyka Polski. Dawniej i dzisiaj, red. F. Kubiczek, Warszawa 2017.Markiewicz M., Odwilż na prowincji: Białostocczyzna 1956–1960, Białystok 2019.Pociecha J., Polska statystyka publiczna – od Sejmu Czteroletniego do współczesności, „Folia Oeconomica Cracoviensia” 2017, t. 58.Roszkowski W., Najnowsza historia Polski, 1956–1970, Warszawa 2011.Sikorski R., Warunki mieszkaniowe ludności wiejskiej województwa białostockiego, „Region Białostocki” 1973, t. 2.Szulce H., Mruk H., Kształtowanie się cen detalicznych w Polsce Ludowej, „Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” 1984, z. 4.Wilk H.,Między pragmatyzmem a oczekiwaniami. Społeczeństwo, władza i samochody w Polsce 1945–1970, Warszawa 2017.ZarembaM., Społeczeństwo polskie lat sześćdziesiątych – między „małą stabilizacją” a „małą destabilizacją”, [w:] Oblicza Marca 1968 r., red. K. Rokicki, S. Stępień, Warszawa 2004.2721723
Model Based Building Chilled Water Loop Delta-T Fault Diagnosis
No full textImproving chilled water delta-T, which is the temperature difference of chilled water supply and return temperature, in campus buildings that are connected to a central distribution loop will not only improve the power consumption of the building through reduced tertiary (building) pumping power but the impact on the central distribution system and chiller efficiencies will be even greater. A degraded delta-T is almost inevitable and it can be expected to fall to about one-half to two-thirds of design at low loads (Taylor, 2002) due to various causes, such as air entering and leaving temperatures, chilled water supply temperature, type and effectiveness of flow control valves, tertiary connection configuration types and operation, coil cooling loads, air economizers, etc. However, in most variable-flow chilled water with 2-way control valve systems, the root cause of low delta-T is at coil side (Zhang, 2012), for example the geometric configuration of coil. This paper firstly discusses chilled water coil heat exchanger model results to help define methods for detecting opportunities for improved delta-T when analyzing campus building systems for performance optimization measures. Meanwhile, the author developed an effectiveness-NTU cooling coil models for a case study building containing chilled water coils with a range of design configurations to study cooling coil delta-T characteristics under various conditions in order to diagnose the low delta-T imposed on the chilled water distribution loop by the building's chilled water system under various loading conditions. The results show model-based building chilled water Loop delta-T fault diagnosis is an effective way to evaluate existing building chilled water loop delta-T performance and identify avoidable or resoluble causes for improving chilled water loop delta-T
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