1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Economic evaluation of the climate change impacts: The case of the floods
No full textThis PhD thesis aims in evaluating and valuating in monetary terms the impacts of climate change in Greece by applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) as a tool to value the country's present and future mitigation and adaptation costs. Furthermore, this research sets some basic questions about the evaluation of the climate change policies. Moreover, the need for economic analysis concerning the design and implementation of efficient flood management policies is well emphasized in the natural hazards policies. Within this framework, this PhD thesis is analyzing the application of stated preferences valuation techniques for the assessment of the damages caused in the Prefecture of Evros by the severe floods of March 2006. The objective of this PhD is to define the role of economic valuation techniques in assisting the design of efficient and sustainable policies for flood management. More specific, the Contingent Valuation (CV) method is applied in order to valuate the impacts of the March 2006 floods, including the environmental impacts as far as concerns the soil, the biodiversity and the aesthetic environment of the flooded areas. Such the evaluation, as the monetary valuation is based on the preferences and the opinions of a defined sample of Greek experts on the impacts of climate change and its economics. Technically the whole research concerns only the preferences of the experts and not a random population sample since they are considered to be the most informed part of the Greek citizens. By doing this crucial assumption the experts are defined as appropriate individuals who fulfill the criteria to conduct such an evaluation and not as the representatives of the total population. This also means that the results of the research represent only the preferences of experts and do not represent the total population. The valuation of the mitigation and adaptation costs at the national level is trying to overcome the above mentioned knowledge restrictions and therefore it has been applied only to experts. These particular experts have a proved knowledge on the different aspects of the climate change and hence they are theoretically able to evaluate the impacts of climate change on their welfare. This assumption is strengthened by the fact that it is an ex-ante evaluation for an extremely crucial phenomenon that its impacts have emerged the last decades and according to the forecasts they will be more intense in the future. Additionally, an application of the contingent valuation method is presented using the case study of March 2006 floods in the Evros River. The good, or policy, being valued is the flooding impacts, focusing more at environmental aspects (soil, biodiversity, aesthetic environment). The valuation question explores the Willingness to Pay (WTP) to Avoid future impacts of flooding formatted as an annual household fee and alternatively as a percentage of the Prefecture’s GDP. In addition, the future trends of floods in the Evros River Basin, are presented linking the socio economic framework with the physical conditions of climate change. The objective of this forecast is to identify the future extreme precipitation trends in the Evros River Basin applying the global change models and identifying the differences between the present climate and the IPCC scenarios for the future climate. The mean WTP, as an annual household payment, stated by the experts is 229,58 euros allocated more in mitigation measures. Additionally, the experts stated that at the present 1,71% and at the future 2,75% (if the policy framework remains the same as today) of the national GDP should be provided for mitigation and application measures.Η διδακτορική διατριβή προτείνει την οικονομική αξιολόγηση των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Ο γενικός στόχος της προτεινομένης διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η δημιουργία ενός υποδείγματος κοινωνικοοικονομικής αξιολόγησης των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής στο εθνικό και τοπικό επίπεδο. Ο γενικός στόχος συγκεκριμενοποιείται και αναλύεται σε επιμέρους ερευνητικούς στόχους. 1. Η οικονομική αποτίμηση του κόστους της κλιματικής αλλαγής σε εθνικό επίπεδο, τόσο στην παρούσα φάση, όσο και σε ένα μελλοντικό σενάριο. Ο υπολογισμός του κόστους της κλιματικής αλλαγής πραγματοποιείται με την οικονομική αποτίμηση των εθνικών μέτρων αντιμετώπισης του φαινομένου. Τα μέτρα αντιμετώπισης της κλιματικής αλλαγής εξειδικεύονται σε μέτρα άμβλυνσης (mitigation) του φαινομένου και σε μέτρα προσαρμογής (adaptation) σε αυτό. Επιπλέον, η οικονομική αποτίμηση των μέτρων αντιμετώπισης της κλιματικής αποτελεί έναν έμμεσο τρόπο συνολικής οικονομικής αξιολόγησης των επιπτώσεων της σε εθνικό επίπεδο. 2. Η εκτίμηση του περιβαλλοντικού κόστους που επιφέρουν παράμετροι της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή στοχεύει στην οικονομική αποτίμηση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων των πλημμυρών, λαμβάνοντας ως περίπτωση μελέτης τις εκτεταμένες πλημμύρες στον Ποταμό Έβρο κατά τον Μάρτιο/Απριλιο 2006. Αναφορικά με τα μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, η παρούσα διατριβή επιχειρεί την καινοτόμα εφαρμογή μικρό οικονομικών μεθόδων Δηλωμένων Προτιμήσεων (Stated Preferences). Η κύρια μέθοδος και στις δυο περιπτώσεις είναι η Μέθοδος της Υποθετικής Αγοράς (Contingent Valuation Method), ενώ επιπρόσθετα στην περίπτωση της οικονομικής αποτίμησης των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων των πλημμυρών εφαρμόζεται πειραματικά και η μέθοδος των Διαμορφωμένων Eπιλογών (Choice Modeling). Βασικό χαρακτηριστικό της μεθοδολογικής προσέγγισης αποτελεί η εφαρμογή και των δυο εργαλείων σε συγκεκριμένες πληθυσμιακές ομάδες, και όχι σε δείγμα του συνολικού πληθυσμού. Ο λόγος που επιλέγονται συγκεκριμένες πληθυσμιακές ομάδες όπως π.χ. ειδικοί, αγρότες κλπ., είναι το γεγονός ότι κατέχουν την απαραίτητη γνώση και την προσωπική άποψη σχετικά με τα αντικείμενα, τα οποία καλούνται να αποτιμήσουν οικονομικά βασιζόμενοι στις προτιμήσεις τους. Επομένως, τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας αφορούν αποκλειστικά τις απόψεις και προτιμήσεις των επιλεγμένων πληθυσμιακών ομάδων και δεν αντανακλούν τις προτιμήσεις του γενικού πληθυσμού. Σύμφωνα με την άποψη των ειδικών η μέση τιμή του ποσοστού του ΑΕΠ, το οποίο σήμερα θα πρέπει να διατίθεται για την αντιμετώπιση της κλιματικής αλλαγής σε εθνικό επίπεδο ανέρχεται στο 1,73%. Το ποσοστό αυτό του ΑΕΠ κατανέμεται σε 1,15% για τα μέτρα άμβλυνσης και 0,58% για τα μέτρα προσαρμογής. Το ποσοστό του ΑΕΠ αυξάνεται όταν εκτιμάται σε μια μελλοντική βάση 25 ετών και με την παραδοχή ότι μέχρι τότε δεν θα έχουν γίνει σημαντικά βήματα αντιμετώπισης της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η μέση τιμή του ΑΕΠ αυξάνεται στο 2,75%. Στην περίπτωση αυτή σημαντική είναι και η αύξηση του ποσοστού του ΑΕΠ για τα μέτρα προσαρμογής που ανέρχεται σε 1,30% με τα μέτρα άμβλυνσης να λαμβάνουν το 1,45% του ΑΕΠ
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Water-resource management
No full textAfrica contains three extremely dry regions: northern Africa (with the Sahara Desert at its heart), southwestern Africa (around the Kalahari and Namib deserts), and the Horn of Africa. The continent also covers several regions with abundant water resources, which are often called water towers. Africa’s water towers include the Ethiopian Highlands, the Congo Basin, the East African mountain region, the Angolan water plateau, the Lesotho Highlands, the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria and the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea (UNEP, 2010).Fil: De Roo, Ad. No especifíca;Fil: Brink, Andreas. No especifíca;Fil: Pekel, Jean François. No especifíca;Fil: Alfieri, Lorenzo. No especifíca;Fil: Naumann, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; ArgentinaFil: Rembold, Felix. No especifíca;Fil: Negre, Thierry. No especifíca;Fil: Bouraqui, Faycal. No especifíca;Fil: Bisselink, Berny. No especifíca;Fil: Ronco, Paolo. No especifíca;Fil: Dondeynaz, Celiné. No especifíca;Fil: Farinosi, Fabio. No especifíca;Fil: Pastori, Marco. No especifíca;Fil: Ameztoy, Iban. No especifíca;Fil: Markantonis, Vasileios. No especifíca;Fil: Cordano, Emmanuele. No especifíca;Fil: Sánchez González, David. No especifíca;Fil: Carmona Moreno, César. No especifíca;Fil: Belward, Alan. No especifíca
A participatory assessment framework of river basin socioeconomic and ecological aspects in developing countries: The case of the Mekrou River basin in West Africa.
No full textTransboundary river basins support a range of economic, social and ecological services that are of fundamental importance to people in developing countries. A more efficient use of river basin water resources streamlined with development policies and specific measures are important for the economic development and for poverty alleviation of in such countries. This paper provides an evaluation framework of techniques for assessing the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of transboundary river basin development policies in developing countries. An empirical application of this framework is proposed for the Mekrou international river basin in West Africa (Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso). Within this framework, achieving sustainable development in the Mekrou river basin requires a balance between securing the conservation of the river ecosystems, promoting sustainable economic activities (e.g. more efficient agricultural crops) and adapting to the social and cultural characteristics of the local population. Specifically, our research questions include: 1) What is the state of the art for valuing the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of development measures in transboundary river basins? 2) Which are the priorities related to water management in the Mekrou river basin? At this step of the analysis, we define the priorities for each sector (household, agriculture, ecosystem services, tourism) following a participatory process, inducing a Web survey and consultation with the relevant local stakeholders and partners. Defining the development priorities for each sector is important for addressing and implementing the relevant methods and tools towards local development. 3) What are the most appropriate techniques and tools to value costs and benefits of policies dedicated to each identified priority? Our work reviews a wide range of methods and tools for the estimation of direct agricultural and household values as well as stated and revealed preference methods (e.g. choice modeling, travel cost method). Additionally, our framework takes into account the data needs and analyses the methodological, practical and policy challenges.JRC.H.1 - Water Resource
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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