324 research outputs found
De-Facto Science Policy in the Making: How Scientists Shape Science Policy and Why it Matters (or, Why STS and STP Scholars Should Socialize)
No full textScience and technology (S&T) policy studies has explored the relationship between the structure of scientific research and the attainment of desired outcomes. Due to the difficulty of measuring them directly, S&T policy scholars have traditionally equated “outcomes” with several proxies for evaluation, including economic impact, and academic output such as papers published and citations received. More recently, scholars have evaluated science policies through the lens of Public Value Mapping, which assesses scientific programs against societal values. Missing from these approaches is an examination of the social activities within the scientific enterprise that affect research outputs and outcomes. We contend that activities that significantly affect research trajectories take place at the levels of individual researchers and their communities, and that S&T policy scholars must take heed of this activity in their work in order to better inform policy. Based on primary research of two scientific communities—ecologists and sustainability scientists—we demonstrate that research agendas are actively shaped by parochial epistemic and normative concerns of the scientists and their disciplines. S&T policy scholarship that explores how scientists balance these concerns, alongside more formal science policies and incentive structures, will enhance understanding of why certain science policies fail or succeed and how to more effectively link science to beneficial social outcomes.PostprintFinal manuscripts will be available on DSpace after September 1, 2014
Perdita hooki Portman & Neff, sp. n.
No full textPerdita hooki Portman & Neff, sp. n. Figs. 15 D, 16D, 17E, 18E, 23G, 24H, 35, 36B, 56G, 58M–N Diagnosis. Both sexes of P. hooki have an amber metasoma (Figs. 15 D, 16D). The female can be recognized by the following combination of characters: head very broad (Fig. 18 E), T1 with a very faint white bar medially on the posterior face, and the second medial cell present (e.g. Fig. 4 A). The male can be distinguished by: head large and quadrate (Fig. 17 E), clypeus and transverse paraocular marks white or yellowish-white, mandibles bent and lacking a modified tip, and pygidial plate broadly truncate (Fig. 23 G). Description of female. Length: 3.4 mm. Forewing length: 1.9 mm. Coloration. Head (Fig. 18 E) and mesosoma base color black with bluish metallic luster; clypeus brown with medial white stripe which may be more or less reduced; supraclypeal mark brown; paraocular mark white, transverse, not reaching level of summit of clypeus; mandible amber, tip reddish; labrum brown; scape dark brown, more or less lightened on apex; antenna brown dorsally, tan ventrally; pronotal collar and pronotal lobe dark brown; legs dark brown except tan on anterior leg with joint of femur and tibia, anterior face of tibia, and all distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma amber (Fig. 16 D), sometimes darkened to black on apical segments; T1 generally with obscure basomedial white bar; T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate brown. Structure and vestiture. Head much broader than long (Fig. 18 E); lateral areas and circle around antennal socket covered in dense recumbent white pubescence, vertex with sparse erect pubescence; eyes parallel; facial fovea straight, parallel to eye, linear, extending from level of middle of antennal socket halfway to apex of eye; mandible simple; labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell present; metasoma suboval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T3 (Fig. 16 CD; terga tessellate and impunctate, dullish on discs; T2 fovea short, linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate triangular, apex bluntly pointed (Fig. 24 G); hairs of prepygidial fimbria thickened, dense. Description of male. Length: 2.8 mm. Forewing length: 1.8 mm. Coloration. Head (Fig. 17 E) and mesosoma base color black with bluish or greenish metallic luster; clypeus white, sometimes with pair of vertical sublateral brown stripes; supraclypeal mark white, transverse, often reduced or absent; paraocular mark white, transverse, reaching level of summit of clypeus; mandible tan or amber, tip reddish; labrum tan or amber; scape dark brown, lightened on apical tip; antenna light brown dorsally, tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown laterally; pronotal lobe brown, slightly lightened to tan dorsally; legs dark brown except tan on anterior fore tibia, joints of tibiae and femora, and distal tarsi; wing veins dark brown; metasoma uniformly amber (Fig. 15 D); T2 fovea dark brown; pygidial plate amber or brown. Structure and vestiture. Head quadrate, much broader than long (Fig. 17 E); face with appressed white pubescence encircling antennal base; eyes parallel; mandible simple, strongly bent medially, bend approaching 90 degree angle (Fig. 17 E), mandible length extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, slightly convex, apically protruding less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension reaching 1/4 distance to base of mandible; head with fine, sparse, pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and margins of scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, very short thickened hairs; metasoma broader than mesosoma, oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at T2/T3 (Fig. 16 D); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, slightly thickened, 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate broadly triangular, apex very broadly truncate (Fig. 23 G); hairs of prepygidial fimbria sparse and slightly thickened laterally. Terminalia. S8 (Fig. 56 G) with spiculum triangular, lateral apodemes prominent, flexed upwards; apical portion moderately convex, longer than broad, sides diverging slightly before converging at apex, apex strongly folded over at a right angle dorsally with slight carina at location of fold, folded-over area with prominent rounded medial emargination apically; sparse short hairs ventrally; circle of thinned cuticle medially. Genital capsule as in Figs. 58 M–N. Gonostyli separated dorsally by broad U-shape; lobes of gonostylus nearly equal in length, extending well below level of penis valve; dorsal lobe constricted basally, expanding apically into large, broad, rounded club, ventral lobe relatively narrow with few minute hairs on apex; volsella extending slightly beyond level of gonostylus; cuspis with multiple spicules on outer margin of apex; digitus short, narrow with single spicule apically; penis valve large and long, extending well beyond level of rest of genitalia, fused basally before splitting at level of gonostylus, apices sharply diverging and ending in relatively narrow point; endophallus with wavy internal structures, extending just beyond level of splitting of penis valve. Floral records. Boraginaceae (11 ♂ 18 ♀): Tiquilia hispidissima 1 ♂ 1 ♀, T. mexicana 10 ♂ 17 ♀. Phenology. July to September. The limited phenology may be an artifact of the few collection events. Distribution. Chihuahuan Desert (Fig. 36 B), USA and Mexico. Type material. Holotype data: ♀, TEXAS: Terrell Co.: Dryden, 8 mi SE (29.9732 -102.0173): 28 Aug 1974, G.E. Bohart, W.J. Hanson (BBSL, accession no. 141859). Paratype data: (14 ♂ 36 ♀) MEXICO: Coahuila: Cuatro-Cienegas Prot. Area; Site E 3; ~ 13 km SE Cuatrocienegas; gypsum flat with sinkholes (26.87167 - 102.01813): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Jul 2010, K. Wright, Tiquilia hispidissima (MSBA). San Luis Potosi: Matehuala, 67 mi S (23.0595 -100.632): 1 ♂, 30 Aug 1974, G.E. Bohart, W. Hanson. TEXAS: Terrell Co.: Dryden, 16 mi N (30.25 -102.017): 1 ♀, 9 Sep 2012, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana; Dryden, 17 mi E (29.9038 -101.8716): 2 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana; Dryden, 2 mi N (30.071 -102.104): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Sep 2012, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana; Dryden, 20 mi E (29.9016 -101.8378): 1 ♂, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana; Dryden, 24 mi E (29.9008 -101.7844): 5 ♂ 2 ♀, 15 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, T. Mexicana (1 ♂ 1 ♀ at each of AMNH, TAMU; 1 ♂ at each of CAS, SEMC, USNM); 3 ♂ 7 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana (1 ♀ at each of CAS, SEMC, USNM; 3 ♂ 4 ♀ at CTMI); Dryden, 8 mi SE (29.9732 -102.0173): 2 ♂ 22 ♀, 28 Aug 1974, G.E. Bohart, W.J. Hanson (1 ♀ UCRC). Additional material examined. Total specimens: 4 ♀. TEXAS: Terrell Co.: Dryden, 16 mi N (30.25 - 102.017): 1 ♀, 9 Sep 2012, J.L. Neff, Tiquilia mexicana; Dryden, 24 mi E (29.9008 -101.7844): 1 ♀, 15 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, T. mexicana; 2 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, T. mexicana. Etymology. The species is named for Dr. Allan Hook, an avid student of aculeate Hymenoptera, who has collected many interesting species of Texas bees, including part of the type series of this species. Remarks. Perdita hooki is the southernmost occurring Heteroperdita, with a single male collected in San Luis Potosi.Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Neff, John L. & Griswold, Terry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males, pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 4214 (1) on pages 50-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4214.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25308
Interdirectionality of Transmission of Jesus and Gospel Traditions in Bilingual Contexts
No full textThe life of Pat Neff
No full textTexas has had a number of colorful and unique personalities to serve in the capacity of governor, and each has contributed to the state. From the first governor after the annexation of Texas in 1846, J. Pinckney Henderson, until the present governor, Allan Shivers, Texas has never had repetition in personality, nor in policy. In between the first and present governor, Texas has had such contrasting figures as Sam Houston and Edmund J. Davis, James S. Hogg and S. W. T. Lanham, and James E. Ferguson and Baeauford Jester, To get a thorough understanding of the state necessitates an Introduction to the executives who have served both adequately and inadequately. In this thesis the Author has attempted to introduce some of the unpublished facts about one of Texas's most vivid leaders, Pat Morris Neff. The first chapter attempts to unfold a complete picture of Pat Neff's lineage, environment and early life. This introduction is vitally important for a complete understanding of Neff's philosophies and policies. The second chapter reveals the forming of Neff's political career. [...]History, Department o
The use of mediation to resolve environmental disputes in South Africa and Switzerland
No full textThe minor dissertation is structured as follows: After a short overview about mediation as one mechanism to resolve environmental disputes and the advantages respectively disadvantages of this kind of alternative dispute resolution, the focus shifts in paragraph C to the use of mediation to resolve environmental disputes in Switzerland. On the basis 4 of several cases in which mediation or mediation-type activities were used to resolve the environmental conflict I want to show why, in the end, environmental mediation probably will never be so widespread in Switzerland as it is in other countries. The paragraph ends with a case study about mediation experiences in Switzerland over nuclear waste disposal. Nevertheless, this aforementioned case study shows that the Swiss decision-making system offers a good basis for mediation procedures in areas of politics where there is yet little participation as longs as certain preconditions for a successful procedure are fulfilled. In paragraph D I deal with the use of mediation in South Africa to resolve environmental disputes. The focus shifts in a first step on the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), especially Chapter 4 NEMA which deals with Alternative Dispute Resolution and, in particular, with environmental mediation. In a next step I examine if this Chapter has been already implemented or if there is still a big gap between theory and practice. Finally, paragraph D ends with two South African cases in which mediation was involved to resolve the dispute and a comparison of the two procedures
Publication Incentives Undermine the Utility of Science: Ecological Research in Mexico
No full textGovernmental spending on science is usually justified by claims that the resulting research will yield benefits for the sponsoring nation. I present policy-analytic and ethnographic research—based on 30 hour-long interviews—of the Mexican ecological research community to explore the structural influence of publication incentives on research content and its relevance to national needs. During a financial crisis in the 1980s, Mexico created a national publication incentive system, the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, to identify and reward scientists producing the most and the most-cited research as defined by dominant international scientific norms at the time. The system has increased productivity but in the process has undermined that country’s ability to benefit from its ecological research by surrendering priority setting to the editorial preferences of journals that are linguistically and financially unavailable to potential domestic users. The Mexican experience has implications for institutions worldwide that utilize quantitative productivity measures in researcher evaluation
Perdita trifasciata Timberlake
No full text<i>Perdita trifasciata</i> Timberlake <p>Figs. 10 C, 11C, 12C, 14C, 23R, 24T, 43B, 48, 57E, 60E–F</p> <p> <i>Perdita trifasciata</i> Timberlake, 1953: 969, ♂; Timberlake, 1954: 370, ♀. Holotype ♂ (SEMC, accession no. SEMC 1111156), White Sands, New Mexico, USA.</p> <p> <i>Perdita</i> (<i>Heteroperdita</i>) <i>trifasciata</i>; Timberlake, 1954: 370.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Both sexes of <i>P. trifasciata</i> have the metasoma dark brown or black with white bands apically on the discs of the terga (Figs. 10 C, 11C). Particularly in the males, the white bands can be interrupted and split into two or four separate marks. The female is similar in coloration to <i>P. sexfasciata</i> and <i>P. optiva</i>, and can be separated from those species by the metasoma with fewer bands (four vs. five), the second medial cell weakened/absent (e.g. Fig. 4 C), mandibles simple, and the pygidial plate narrowly spatulate (24T). The male is distinctive in having only the first three terga with light bands (rarely extending to the fourth tergum). It can be further recognized by the pygidial plate with the apex shallowly and broadly notched (Fig. 23 R), clypeus strongly dentate, and omaulus lacking a weak carina.</p> <p> <b>Redescription of female.</b> Length: 3.2 mm. Forewing length: 2.0 mm.</p> <p> <i>Coloration.</i> Head (Fig. 13 C) and mesosoma base color black with metallic bluish luster; clypeus variably marked, ranging from completely white to black with white limited to lateral margins and medial vertical band; supraclypeal mark ranging from completely dark to small white spot; paraocular mark white, transverse to subtriangular, extending to level of bottom of antennal socket; mandible white, tip brown; labrum variably marked, ranging from all white to dark with white around edges; scape light brown anteriorly, lightened to more or less white posteriorly; antenna brown, more or less white ventrally; pronotal collar with pair of transverse white lateral marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe more or less white; legs dark brown except white on joints of femora and tibiae, anterior fore tibia, mid basitarsus, and distal fore tarsi; wing veins ranging from light to dark brown; metasoma dark brown except T1–T4 with white bands along margins of discs, bands more or less interrupted by sublateral dark spots (Fig. 11 C); T2 fovea black; pygidial plate brown.</p> <p> <i>Structure and vestiture.</i> Head broader than long (Fig. 13 C); face, except for clypeus and lower supraclypeal area, covered by recumbent white pubescence, pubescence thinner on vertex; eyes subparallel, slightly converging ventrally; facial fovea linear, parallel to eye, extending from level of tops of antennal sockets half distance to apex of eye; mandible simple; labrum quadrate, slightly less than 2X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, convex, apically protruding slightly less than 1 OD from face; lateral extension strongly folded over, not extending towards base of mandible; venter of head with abundant inward-facing broadly hooked hairs; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle distinct; mesepisternum and scutum sparsely covered with combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; fore coxa and anterior venter of mesepisternum with abundant, broadly hooked hairs; apex of mid tibia with some short, thick, curved setae; forewing with second medial cell weakened/absent; metasoma suboval, wide basally, sides more or less parallel, widest at T3 (Fig. 11 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea short, linear, generally less than 1/3 length of T2; pygidial plate narrowly spatulate, apex evenly rounded (Fig. 24 T); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, dense.</p> <p> <b>Redescription of male.</b> Length: 3.1 mm. Forewing length: 1.9 mm.</p> <p> <i>Coloration.</i> Head (Fig. 12 C) and mesosoma base color black with metallic bluish luster; clypeus white, sometimes brown with white restricted to lateral margins and medial vertical band; supraclypeal mark generally absent, sometimes with small white mark; paraocular mark white, transverse or subtriangular, sometimes extending in thin line along eye to level of top of antennal socket; mandible white, tip brownish or reddish; labrum white, sometimes with basomedial dark spot; scape tan except more or less brown anteriorly; antenna brown, tan ventrally; pronotal collar brown, pair of well-separated transverse white marks dorso-posteriorly; pronotal lobe ranging from brown to white; legs dark brown except more or less yellowish-white on anterior fore and mid tibiae and distal fore and mid tarsi, hind legs white at joint of femur and tibia, hind tarsi more or less lightened; wing veins dark brown; metasoma dark brown except T1–T3 with white bands along margins of discs, bands thicker laterally and medially (Fig. 10 C), bands often interrupted, T4 occasionally with vestigial white band; T2 fovea black, obscure; pygidial plate dark brown.</p> <p> <i>Structure and vestiture.</i> Head oval or subquadrate, broader than long (Fig. 12 C); face, except for clypeus and lower supraclypeal area, sparsely covered by recumbent white pubescence; eyes ranging from slightly converging to slightly diverging below; mandible simple, curved inwards, extending to far side of labrum in repose; labrum quadrate, 1.5X broader than long; disc of clypeus broader than high, strongly convex, apically protruding 1 OD from face; lateral dentation relatively prominent, lateral extension reaching 1/3 distance to base of mandible; head with short thickened pubescence ventrally; mesosoma strongly tessellate, impunctate, slightly shiny; pronotal collar slightly impressed, humeral angle weak; mesepisternum and scutum sparsely covered by combination of recumbent and erect white pubescence; hind tibia with sparse, thickened hairs; metasoma equal in width to mesosoma, oval, wide basally, tapering apically, widest at margin of T2/T3 (Fig. 10 C); terga tessellate and impunctate; T2 fovea linear, 1/4 length of T2; pygidial plate short, sides slightly converging, apex broadly truncate, bifid with broad, shallow triangular emargination, lateral tips of apex well-defined (Fig. 23 R); hairs of prepygidial fimbria slightly thickened, sparse.</p> <p> <i>Terminalia</i>. S8 (Fig. 57 E) with spiculum bifurcate; lateral apodemes not prominent, slightly flexed downwards; apical portion strongly convex, slightly longer than broad, sides constricted basally, then bulging out before moderately converging at apex; apex flattened with weak carina medially; short sparse hairs ventrally; cuticle thinned in circle apically. Genital capsule as in Figs. 60 E–F. Gonostyli separated dorsally by narrow Ushape; gonostylus with triangular ventral lobe stacked directly on top of short, squat, dorsal lobe, ventral lobe with few hairs on outer margins of apex; volsella small; cuspis long, narrow with two spicules apically; digitus extremely minute, unornamented; penis valve long, undulating, broadly turned out apically, extending beyond rest of genitalia; endophallus sclerotized with four distinct parallel vertical bands.</p> <p> <b>Floral records. Asteraceae</b> (1 ♀): <i>Psilostrophe tagetina</i> 1 ♀, <b>Boraginaceae</b> (80 ♂ 78 ♀): <i>Heliotropium</i> sp. 1 ♀, <i>Nama havardii</i> 1 ♂, <i>N.</i> sp. 1 ♂, <i>Tiquilia canescens</i> 3 ♂ 1 ♀, <i>T. gossypina</i> 9 ♂ 7 ♀, <i>T. greggii</i> 1 ♂ 2 ♀, <i>T. hispidissima</i> 42 ♂ 43 ♀, <i>T. mexicana</i> 19 ♂ 23 ♀, <i>T.</i> sp. 4 ♂ 1 ♀, <b>Euphorbiaceae</b> (1 ♀): <i>Chamaesyce</i> sp. 1 ♀.</p> <p> <b>Phenology.</b> April to December.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Chihuahuan Desert (Fig. 43 B), USA and Mexico.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> Holotype data: ♂, <b>NEW MEXICO:</b> White Sands, 27 Jun 1940, R.H. Beamer (SEMC, accession no. SEMC 1111156).</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined.</b> Total specimens: 93 ♂ 125 ♀. <b>MEXICO</b>: Chihuahua: Chihuahua, 118 km N (29.5918 -106.3538): 1 ♂, 29 Aug 1991, T.L. Griswold; Ojinaga, 31 km W (29.4596 -104.7122): 9 ♂ 6 ♀, 28 Aug 1991, T.L. Griswold, <i>Tiquilia gossypina</i>; Ojinaga, 52 km W (29.5567 -104.9558): 5 ♂ 5 ♀, 28 Aug 1991, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♀, 28 Aug 1991, T.L. Griswold, <i>T. gossypina</i>. <b>Coahuila:</b> Cuatro-Cienegas Prot. Area; Site E 3; ~ 13 km SE Cuatrocienegas; gypsum flat with sinkholes (26.87167 -102.01813): 1 ♂, 22 Jul 2010, K. Wright, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; Cuatro-Cienegas Prot. Area; Site F 4; ~ 18 km E Cuatrocienegas; gypsum flat (26.87167 -102.01813): 1 ♀, 14 May 2010, K. Wright, <i>T. hispidissima</i>. <b>NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.:</b> Cottonwood Springs (32.09573 - 104.46763): 2 ♀, 10 Jun 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Lowe Ranch (32.1744 -104.4989): 1 ♂, 1 Jun 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; 1 ♀, 28 Jul 2011, J.D. Herndon, N. Klass; Main Cave Entrance, 1.5km SSW (32.1638 - 104.44428): 1 ♀, 27 May 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; 1 ♂, 22 Jun 2011, J.D. Herndon, N. Klass; Rattlesnake Springs (32.10953 -104.47161): 2 ♀, 10 Jun 2010, J.D. Herndon, A. Druk; Seven Rivers, 3 km S (32.5791 - 104.4331): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 16 May 1989, T.L. Griswold, <i>T. canescens</i>; 1 ♀, 3 Sep 1990, T.L. Griswold, <i>T.</i> sp.; Walnut Canyon; 1.9km SSE Cottonwood Spring (32.191 -104.4007): 1 ♀, 1 Sep 2011, J.D. Herndon; Walnut Canyon; Whites City (32.1781 -104.3819): 1 ♂, 3 Jun 2010, A. Druk, J.D. Herndon; <b>Otero Co.:</b> White Sands National Monument; Site C 2; 10 km SW visitor's center; gypsum outcrop hill; gypsum flats (32.7163 -106.2414): 1 ♂, 4 Aug 2010, D.C. Lightfoot, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; White Sands National Monument; Site D 1; 1.02 km from U.S. 70; near water tower; gypsum outcrop hill (32.778 -106.1584): 1 ♀, 2–7 Aug 2010, K. Wright; White Sands National Monument; Site E 2; ~ 0.18 km SW of Dunes Dr; gypsum dunes; interdune flats (32.7921 -106.2405): 1 ♂, 2–7 Aug 2010, K. Wright. <b>TEXAS: Brewster Co.:</b> Big Bend National Park, Glen Spr. Road, jct Rte. 11 (29.27061 - 103.15089): 1 ♀, 10 Sep 1999, S.E. Wallace; Big Bend National Park, Hot Springs (29.1819 -102.9917): 1 ♂, 14 Apr 1986, T.L. Griswold, <i>Nama</i> sp.; Big Bend National Park, Nine Pt. Draw(29.6561 -103.0994): 28 ♀, 5 Sep 1999, S.E. Wallace; Lajitas, 2 mi E (29.276 -103.745): 1 ♂, 14 Sep 2004, J.L. Neff, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; Lajitas, 5 mi E (29.283 -103.704): 1 ♂, 9 Sep 1999, J.L. Neff, <i>T. greggii</i>; 7 ♂ 13 ♀, 9 Sep 1999, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; 2 ♀, 29 Sep 1999, J.L. Neff, <i>T. greggii</i>; 1 ♀, 29 Sep 1999, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; Study Butte, W edge (29.327 -103.558): 3 ♂ 3 ♀, 19 Apr 2015, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; <b>Culberson Co.:</b> Linda Lake Salt Basin, Along Rd to dune area (31.81346 -105.08996): 4 ♂, 22 Aug 2010, T.L. Griswold, <i>T.</i> sp.; <b>Hudspeth Co.:</b> Indio Mountains Research Station, 25 km S Van Horn (30.77699 -105.01623): 1 ♀, 25 Aug 1992, W.P. Mackay; 1 ♀, 29 Dec 1992, W.P. Mackay; Salt Flat, 1.5 mi E (31.748 -105.051): 6 ♂ 2 ♀, 14 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 1 Sep 2010, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; <b>Presidio Co.:</b> Presidio, 7 mi S (29.449 -104.28): 1 ♀, 16 Oct 1998, R.L. Minckley, <i>Chamaesyce</i> sp.; Redford (29.4497 -104.1889): 1 ♂, 16 Oct 1998, R.L. Minckley, <i>N. havardii</i>; Ruidosa, 8 mi SE (29.891 -104.643): 8 ♂ 16 ♀, 15 Sep 2004, J.L. Neff, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; <b>Reeves Co.:</b> Pecos, 3 mi SE (31.244 -103.349): 1 ♀, 13 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, <i>Psilostrophe tagetina</i>; 13 ♂ 17 ♀, 13 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, <i>T. hispidissima</i>; <b>Terrell Co.:</b> Dryden, 17 mi E (29.9038 -101.8716): 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; Dryden, 2 mi N (30.071 -102.104): 1 ♀, 9 Sep 2012, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; Dryden, 20 mi E(29.9016 - 101.8378): 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, <i>Heliotropium</i> sp.; 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 22 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; Dryden, 24 mi E (29.9008 -101.7844): 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 Aug 2008, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; Dryden, 8 mi SE (29.9732 - 102.0173): 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 28 Aug 1974, G.E. Bohart, W.J. Hanson; Dryden, 9 mi N (30.099 -102.089): 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 12 Aug 2010, J.L. Neff, <i>T. mexicana</i>; <b>Winkler Co.:</b> Kermit, 13 mi S (31.665 -103.016): 11 ♂ 3 ♀, 15 Jun 2005, J.L. Neff, A. Hook, <i>T. hispidissima</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The male typically has three white bands on the metasoma, but specimens from the more southern localities tend to have four bands.</p>Published as part of <i>Portman, Zachary M., Neff, John L. & Griswold, Terry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of Perdita subgenus Heteroperdita Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), with descriptions of two ant-like males, pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 4214 (1)</i> on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4214.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/253086">http://zenodo.org/record/253086</a>
A multiwavelength analysis of M31's globular clusters and their low mass X-ray binaries
No full textA multiwavelength analysis of M31’s globular clusters and their low mass X-ray binaries by Mark B. Peacock Globular clusters (GCs) are dense groups of thousands to millions of stars. They are often very old systems with ages similar to those of their host galaxies and the early Universe. These clusters provide unique laboratories for astrophysical research and have been used by countless studies to improve our understanding of the Universe. In particular, they are ideal locations for studying stellar evolution and the formation and evolution of galaxies. They also provide unique locations for studying individual exotic objects, such as X-ray binaries. In this study, I investigate the properties of GCs in the nearby spiral galaxy, M31. This galaxy hosts the largest GC population in the Local Group. This, combined with its relative proximity to us, makes it an important bridge between studies of Galactic and extragalactic GCs. However, previous catalogues of these clusters have suffered from significant inhomogeneity and contamination from both stars and galaxies. In this contribution I present new, homogeneous, optical and near infra-red photometry of the M31 GC system. In addition to this, the structural parameters for over half of the known clusters are determined through fitting point spread function convolved King models to their density profiles. This photometry is used to remove significant contamination from non-cluster sources in previous cluster catalogues and to confirm a large population of young clusters in the M31 cluster system. Determining the properties of these clusters is very important in investigating both this, and other, GC systems. It is also of great benefit in investigating the exotic objects hosted by these clusters. I combine these data with archived XMM Newton observations, to study the low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in M31’s clusters. LMXBs are known to be relatively common in GCs and, through studying the properties of the GCs which host them, it is possible to investigate the effects of cluster environment on the formation and evolution of these systems. From this work, I demonstrate that the presence of LMXBs is proportional to the stellar collision rate of a GC. This provides good observational evidence that these LMXBs are formed through dynamical interactions. These data are also used to consider the morphology of horizontal branch stars in M31’s GCs. Published GALEX ultraviolet observations of these clusters are used as a probe into their hot stellar populations. From this work, I propose a relationship between the core density of these clusters and their ultraviolet colour. This result suggests that the formation of (FUV bright) extreme horizontal branch stars may be enhanced in dense stellar environments through stellar interaction
What Research Should be Done and Why? Four Competing Visions among Ecologists
No full textInformation we collect about our planet depends, in part, on the questions scientists ask regarding the natural world. Asking other questions might lead to different innovations and alternative understandings of policy problems and their potential solutions. With a seemingly infinite number of potential study subjects but limited resources with which to study them, why have we chosen to focus on the topics that we have? Here, I present a Q-method study that explores ecologists\u27 thought processes as they evaluate the merits of potential research topics. The participants, ecologists attending the Ecological Society of America\u27s 2008 Annual Meeting, nominally agreed with one another that their discipline should contribute to solving environmental problems, but they interpreted that goal differently. This study uncovers four competing visions that ecologists have for their discipline. On the basis of these findings, I contend that ecology might be more effective in informing policy if priority setting were a more deliberative process and open to insights from individuals and institutions outside of ecology
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