1,720,967 research outputs found
Diets of seabirds and consequences of changes in food supply
No full textResearch conducted by members of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology, on issues most likely to be raised within the ICES community concerning the foraging ecology of seabirds and waders, and the potential interactions between these groups of birds and fisheries.
A review of issues related to seabird consumption of fish and shellfish stocks, discards and mariculture as well as the trophic role and ecology of seabirds and waders: G. L. Hunt, W. A. Montevecchi, and M. F. Leopold.
Consumption of pre-recruit fish by seabirds and the possible use of this as an indicator of fish stock recruitment: S. P. R. Greenstreet, P. H. Becker, R. T. Barrett, P. Fossum, and M. F. Leopold.
Variation in prey taken by seabirds: M. L. Tasker, C. J. Camphuysen, and P.Fossum.
Evaluation of the role of discards in supporting bird populations and their effects on the species composition of seabirds in the North Sea: S. Garthe, U. Walter, M. L. Tasker, P. H. Becker, G. Chapdelaine, and R. W. Furness.
Exploration of the short-and medium-term consequences of a reduction in the amounts of fish discarded: M. L. Tasker, P. H. Becker, and G. Chapdelaine
Evidence for decadal scale variations in seabird population ecology and links with the North Atlantic oscillation: J. B. Reid, P. H. Becker, and R. W. Furness.
A review of the causes, and consequences at the population level, of mass mortalities of seabirds : C. J. Camphuysen, P. J. Wright, M. Leopold, O. Hüppop, and J. B. Reid.
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Seabirds as Monitors of the Marine Environment
No full textThis is the third ICES Cooperative Research Report produced by the Working Group on Seabird Ecology, following on from Reports on seabird/fish interactions (ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 216) and the diets of seabirds and the consequences of changes in food supply (ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 232). This ICES Cooperative Research Report focuses on the use that might be made of seabirds as monitors of the marine environment.
Section 2 examines the possibilities of using seabirds to monitor marine pollution, and recommends that they be used in monitoring a variety of substances. These recommendations are further developed in Section 5. Subsequent to this work, several of these recommendations have been developed for possible use as Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) under OSPAR and the North Sea Conference process. Ministers from around the North Sea adopted an objective in relation to the proportion of oiled common guillemots found dead or dying on beaches that “the proportion of such birds should be 10% or less of the total found dead or dying, in all areas of the North Sea (Bergen Declaration). In addition, Ministers requested that work continue towards defining EcoQOs in relation to mercury concentrations in seabird eggs and feathers, organochlorine concentrations in seabird eggs and plastic particles in the stomachs of seabirds. These decisions demonstrate the usefulness of seabirds in this area.
Section 3 describes the sensitivity of seabird populations to changes in life history parameters. Understanding in this area is necessary in order to fully appreciate the nature of threats that apply at only one part of seabird’s life style and is important in designing monitoring programmes. This is further discussed in Section 5.3. Fishing is arguably the greatest human influence on the marine environment. Fishing can have both direct and indirect effects on seabird populations (Tasker et al., 2000). The cumulative effects of these effects will show at the seabird community level and are examined in section 4.
The design of monitoring programmes is further explored in Section 5, while Section 6 describes the relatively new topic of the interaction between aquaculture and birds in the ICES area.
As with all work within the ICES Working Group structure, many individuals contribute to the group’s products. All those who participated in the relevant meetings of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology are listed overleaf.
Contents
Seabirds as monitors of marine pollution - Peter H. Becker, Robert W. Furness, and Mark L. Tasker.
Review of the sensitivity of seabird populations to changes in life history parameters - Robert W. Furness, Peter H. Becker, Ummo Hüppop, and Gail Davoren.
The alteration of the composition of seabird communities by fisheries - Mark L. Tasker, Kees Camphuysen, Stefan Garthe, and Tycho Anker-Nilssen.
Further development of seabird monitoring - Peter H. Becker and Gilles Chapdelaine.
Review of the interactions between aquaculture and birds in the ICES Area - Robert W. Furness.
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The effect of climate change on the distribution and abundance of marine species in the OSPAR Maritime Area
No full textThis report examines the evidence of the effect of climate change on the distribution and abundance of marine species in the OSPAR Commission Maritime Area (OSPAR Maritime Area). It focuses primarily on effects that may be linked to changes in sea surface temperature (SST). It is the product of many scientists working within the ICES framework, who examined long-term datasets, often developed and formed from the work of other scientists. The main conclusions are that oceanographic conditions do influence the marine biota in the OSPAR Maritime Area, and that oceanographic conditions are changing. There was evidence to support this in both the narrative and the analytical information examined by ICES throughout the OSPAR Maritime Area. Effects of climate change varied from weak to very strong, particularly when environmental conditions were exceptionally cold or warm.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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